CN85106574A - Utilize the modified model cascade power station of low temperature and middle temperature source fluid - Google Patents

Utilize the modified model cascade power station of low temperature and middle temperature source fluid Download PDF

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CN85106574A
CN85106574A CN85106574.0A CN85106574A CN85106574A CN 85106574 A CN85106574 A CN 85106574A CN 85106574 A CN85106574 A CN 85106574A CN 85106574 A CN85106574 A CN 85106574A
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power station
fluid
vaporizer
added
source fluid
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CN1003317B (en
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兹维·克里格
亚历克斯·莫里茨
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Ormat Industries Ltd
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Ormat Turbines Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/10Geothermal energy

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Abstract

A plurality of independently, all there is a vaporizer in enclosed rankine cycle power station, this power station is moved to produce the hear rate source fluid by the vaporizer that middle temperature or cold temperature source fluid is added to the power station.Each vaporizer all disposes a preheater, is added to whole preheaters and said hear rate source fluid is parallel connection.Like this, when the source fluid that is added to vaporizer was supplied with the working fluid in power station with latent heat of vaporization, the hear rate source fluid made working fluid be heated to evaporating temperature.
It is advantageous that the present invention compares with the conventional cascade power station of said type, does not lower efficiency because the temperature difference of source fluid can increase.Perhaps, the temperature difference can keep and efficient can increase.No matter any situation all obtains increasing by the electric power that power station of the present invention produced.

Description

Utilize the modified model cascade power station of low temperature and middle temperature source fluid
The present invention relates to a kind of modified model cascade power station that utilizes low temperature and middle temperature source fluid.
Low temperature and middle temperature source fluid alleged below this paper are meant that temperature is less than about this class source fluid of 350, as by in many production well to geothermal fluid and the industrial liquid that produced of various technological process.Be positioned at the east plateau development engineering (East Mesa Development Project) of south, California (Southern California) near the kingdom basin (Imperial Velley) of Holter Wei Er (Holtville), Liu Koujing is arranged at present, per hour can produce about 4,000,000 pounds of about geothermal fluids of 324.Such geothermal fluid is exactly the example of the source fluid of described type.
By convention, electric power is by described type source fluid, utilizes enclosed
Figure 85106574_IMG1
The hot machine of gold circulation (Rankine cycle) produces.The working fluid of this hot machine is a kind of organic fluid (as a freon), and this system is referred to as to call the power station of type described herein.A kind of source fluid of described type is added in the vaporizer of the described type of power plant that contains liquid organic fluids, thereby makes liquid organic fluids be transformed into steam.Steam expands in turbogenerator, makes the partial heat energy in the steam change merit into and produce the hear rate organic steam, the condensation in condenser of hear rate organic steam.The organic fluid of condensation sends back to vaporizer, and this circulation repeats.If adopt air cooled condenser, then condenser is discharged to the waste heat in the hear rate steam in the surrounding atmosphere; If adopt the condenser of cooling, then waste heat entered cooling water.In general, vaporizer is to be lower producing pressure saturated or only overheated slightly steam, so the design of the heat exchanger that is made of the pipe-line system and the turbine of vaporizer, delivering vapor can be simplified.For the power station that makes described type reaches maximum output, the temperature difference and the evaporating temperature in the vaporizer of the source fluid by the whole heat-exchange system in power station must be selected optimum value.
A plurality of encloseds are used in conventional cascade power station
Figure 85106574_IMG2
Gold circulating power plant standard package all connects a heat exchanger, and the source fluid series connection is added in the heat exchanger of each standard package.No matter use what system, it is most important that the net power that system is produced reaches maximum.A kind of method that increases power is to extract more thermal energy with the temperature difference that increases source fluid from source fluid., no matter with single-stage or cascade system, utilizing increases the reduction that the heat that extracts from source fluid can influence power plant efficiency, because the mean temperature of source fluid has been lowered.This just causes the evaporating temperature of the working fluid in heat exchanger to reduce, and has so just reduced the Carnot efficiency (Carnot efficiency) in power station.
In the efficient of being devoted to increase described type of power plant with increase in the process that extracts more power from source fluid, suggestion moves under supercritical temperature and supercritical pressure.In this case, the temperature of the evaporation organic fluid that is produced by heat exchanger system is the evaporating temperature that is higher than above-mentioned typical golden circulating power plant.Though, this method all is effective for efficient and its output power of increase in efficient that increases the power station and increase power station, but because circulation pumping power consumpiton is higher and expense increases and the complexity in power station, be the pressure operation down that the pressurized container in power station must be designed to stand in the absolute pressure scope of 500-600 pound/square inch, thereby gain has been cancelled.
Therefore the objective of the invention is to provide a kind of new and improved power station of described type, it can more effectively move than general low pressure power station.
It is independently a plurality of that the present invention provides a kind of operation, the method of the standard package in enclosed rankine cycle power station, each standard package all has a vaporizer, this operation method comprises the following steps: middle temperature or the series connection of cold temperature source fluid are added in the vaporizer in power station, to produce the hear rate source fluid, each vaporizer is equipped with a preheater, the parallel connection of above-mentioned hear rate source fluid is added to respectively gives in the hot device.When the source fluid that is added to vaporizer is supplied with the working fluid in power station to latent heat of vaporization, so the hear rate source fluid makes working fluid be heated to evaporating temperature.
It is advantageous that the present invention compares with the conventional cascade power station of described type, does not reduce its efficient because the temperature difference of this source fluid can increase, and perhaps, the temperature difference can keep and efficient can increase.No matter that a kind of situation, the electric power that produces by power station of the present invention increases.
The accompanying drawing summary
A kind of scheme of the present invention is shown in the drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is in the power station of described type.The relation curve of the temperature of heat exchanger and heat input, the relation between the temperature difference of expression source fluid and the evaporating temperature of working fluid;
Fig. 2 is the Block Diagram by cascade of the present invention power station;
Fig. 3 is the relation curve that is similar to Fig. 1, is illustrated in the temperature of difference in Fig. 2 Block Diagram;
Fig. 4 is the relation curve that is similar to the conventional cascade power station of Fig. 3, and this power station has the heat exchange area identical with operation power station shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 5 is second kind of scheme by cascade of the present invention power station, represents a plurality of combined energy transducers of multistage row.
Now the problems of the prior art that the present invention solves are described referring to Fig. 1.Curve representation is the function of heat exchanger exchange velocity in a kind of temperature variation of source fluid.On behalf of source fluid, curve A be cooled to temperature T ouH from temperature T in ' (at heat exchanger entrance) in heat exchanger 1(in the outlet of heat exchanger), wherein, Tin-Toutl=△ Tio is in known method, its change curve of the evaporating temperature Teval(of working fluid B represents) be temperature, Tcond and △ T by the working fluid that enters heat exchanger 1Determined.Ratio a 1With/b 1Be called the hot percentage of giving of exchanger, it is working fluid to be brought up to the ratio of the needed total amount of heat of vaporized working fluid in the needed heat of evaporating point (still for liquid) and unit time from condenser temperature between unit the time.Concerning the source fluid of described type, this ratio can change in the 25%-55% scope.
Source fluid is at the temperature Tp p of the turning point of curve B 1Be called fulcrum temperature (pineh-point) with the difference of Tevap; This temperature generally is between 8-12 °F.Can see, reduce the fulcrum temperature to improve the effect that evaporating temperature has increases this system effectiveness, because Carnot efficiency is proportional to the ratio of evaporating temperature and condenser temperature.Can see, in this way increase Carnot efficiency, will lean on out-of-proportion surface area that increases heat exchanger greatly.
Use by the working fluid of curve B and the source fluid of cooling off by curve A in a power station, and the more suitable way that increase its output power is the temperature difference that increases source fluid.In this case, the temperature difference of source fluid.In this case, the source body will be cooled to Tout from Tin according to curve C 2; And working fluid will be described with curve D.That is to say Tevap 2To be lower than Tevap 1And can arrive, when the heat from source fluid suction increased along with the enhancing of source fluid cooling, the efficient of system had just reduced.The increase of output power with veto in the rate of cooling of source fluid in heat exchanger.The present invention proposes and has solved the problem that how to increase output power.
Referring now to Fig. 2,, label 10 is power stations of the present invention.Power station 10 comprises that many independently enclosed gold follow dirty organic fluid power station standard package 12A, 12B and 12C.Represented is three such power station standard packages.But the present invention for more than 2 or 2 independently the power station standard package all can implement.Each standard package all is the same, therefore, only needs to describe in detail standard package 12A.This standard package comprises the vaporizer 13A that a kind of organic liquid is housed, and by inlet 14A will from the low temperature in source 11 or warm source fluid be added to 13A.Organic liquid in vaporizer 13A produces saturated basically or overheated slightly steam through evaporation, and this steam is added to the turbine 16A of turbogenerator 15A.Steam expands in turbine 16A, and the partial heat energy that contains in steam changes merit into, makes generator 17A generating.The steam of being discharged by turbine 16A is added to condenser 18A, and in 18A, condenser uses cold water that vapor condensation is liquid, perhaps, also can make air-cooled condenser.
With a pump (not marking among the figure) condensed fluid is transported to by condenser 18A and gives hot device 19A, also can divide and open with 13A.To be added to from the inlet 20A that gives hot device by the hear rate source fluid of the evaporator outlet gained of the 3rd standard package and give the hot device 19A, 21A transfers out the source fluid of cooling in outlet.If source fluid is a geothermal fluid, then Leng Que fluid can be transported to disused well, and perhaps, if source fluid is a kind of chemicals, then Leng Que fluid can be failed back in the technological process.
As shown in Figure 2, the source fluid that is flowed out by the outlet 22A of vaporizer 13A is added to the inlet 14B of the vaporizer 13B of power station standard package 12B; And be added to the inlet 14C of the vaporizer 13C of standard package 12C by the source fluid that the outlet 22B of vaporizer 13B flows out.Below, the source fluid that is flowed out by the 22C of vaporizer 13C is called the hear rate source fluid, because each of vaporizer 13A, 13B and 13C is all aspirated heat energy.The parallel connection of this hear rate fluid is added in each of giving hot device 19A, 19B and 19C.That is to say, the present invention has formed that 11 series connection are added to vaporizer 13A, 13B and the 13C of power station 12A, 12B and 12C from the source with low temperature or middle temperature source fluid, so that the outlet 22C at vaporizer 13C presents the hear rate source fluid that is produced, and the parallel connection of hear rate source fluid is added in each of giving hot device 19A, 19B and 19C.If source fluid is a geothermal fluid, then just be transported to disused well by the source fluid of giving hot device outflow.
Fig. 3 has represented to be similar to the typical temperature-heat energy plotted curve in Fig. 2 power station, and this power station can be with plateau, above-mentioned east heat operation fluid.The size of temperature and flow velocity depends on the current capacity of plateau section, east, also is for the ease of relatively, when use has the heat exchanger of the same gross area, and the power that power station of the present invention and conventional cascade power station are produced.
Per hour about 3.7 hundred ten thousand pounds geothermal fluid is applicable to that series connection is input to vaporizer 13A, 13B and 13C; The hear rate source fluid that is flowed out by vaporizer 13C has half to be added to give hot 19A approximately.About 1/3 is added to and gives hot device 19B, makes and gives hot device 19C and balance each other.Suppose that the condenser condition is such: each gives in the process of hot device and further is cooled to 130 °F the hear rate ground hot body that is flowed out by the condenser of each each standard package of standard group in power station flowing through.
Geothermal fluid enters vaporizer 13A with 324 °F and the vaporizer of flowing through is cooled to 247 temperature.Organic liquid in vaporizer 13A is from 168 of temperature, and this temperature is the evaporating temperature of power station standard package 12A.The ground hear rate source fluid temperature that is flowed out by vaporizer 13C is 175 °F, give hot device 19A, 19B and 19C each in geothermal fluid be cooled to 130 °F by this temperature.Like this, concerning the standard package 12A of power station, when the organic liquid in giving hot device was heated to 168 °F by 100 °F, geothermal fluid was cooled to 130 °F by 175 °F.
The evaporating temperature of power station 12B is 203 °F, and certainly, this is lower than the evaporating temperature of power station 12A.Like this, the operating pressure of power station 12B is lower than the operating pressure of power station 12A.The evaporating temperature of same power station 12C is 168 °F, and this temperature is a minimum temperature in three power stations.
Can see, standard package 12A, total logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) of the heat exchanger of 12B and 12C is respectively about 23 °F, about 19 °F and about 16 °F.In addition, can see that the Carnot efficiency that is shown in the power station of Fig. 3 is about 18.5%.Have basically the routine three cascade power stations with the heat exchanger of the same area in Fig. 3 power station, its temperature-heat energy class of a curve is similar to curve shown in Figure 4.In this conventional power generation usage station, geothermal fluid temperature after once connecting by heat exchanger is cooled to 130 °F by 324 °F.In three standard packages, evaporating temperature is respectively 27.2 °F, 178 °F and 129 °F.The temperature of geothermal fluid when entering the heat exchanger of second standard package is 225 °F, when entering the 3rd standard package then be 168 °F in this case, can see that the logarithmic mean temperature difference of each standard package of so a kind of cascade system (LMTD) is respectively about 22 °F, 19 °F and 17 °F.Just confirm that the surface area of the heat exchanger of conventional system is the same.Yet the power station of the present invention of the heat exchanger that conventional cascade power station is onesize goes out the electric power more than 10% with pilosity and expense there is no significant increase.
The 3rd scheme of invention is shown in Fig. 5, it is made up of a plurality of combined energy transducers as shown in Figure 2, so that by forming, so that by almost building in the power station of any capacity at the transducer of selecting suitable quantity for use at the transducer of selecting suitable quantity for use.Be shown in the power station 100 of Fig. 5 thereby form by a plurality of standard packages of multistage arrangement.Expression is three grades among the figure, but the standard group number of packages of every grade of sum of series is all selected according to the power station desired volume.Only as an example, the power station that is shown in Fig. 5 is made up of 9 standard piece, be arranged in three grades, every grade has three standard package 101A-C, each standard package 103A-C of level 2 each standard package 102A-C and level 3 is given hot device, an organic fluid turbogenerator (not illustrating among the figure) and a condenser (not illustrating among the figure) and is formed by mode shown in Figure 2 by a vaporizer, one.Like this, in standard package 101A, for example, as freon or similarly organic fluid be heated and be transported to vaporizer 105A and evaporate.The organic fluid of evaporation is piped to turbogenerator, and produces electric energy and hear rate steam and be condensed in the condenser of standard package and get back to and give hot device because of expansion drives generator.
According to the present invention, be added to each vaporizer of the standard package of level 1 by geothermal source fluid process header pipe 106 series connection of flowing out in the well (not shown), and accumulate in each vaporizers of these standard packages, and accumulate in the outlet port of these standard packages, 107 parallel connections of process header pipe are added to the vaporizer of the standard package of level 2 then, or the like.The hear rate geothermal fluid is collected in the header pipe 108 in the outlet of the vaporizer of level 3, its parallel connection is added to all gives hot device then.Like this, each row of standard package that are shown in three vertical aligns of Fig. 5 are equivalent to the arrangement of Fig. 2.When the fluid that local heat source fluid produces enough volumes was supplied the multistage power station of arranging as shown in Figure 2, it was useful especially then being shown in the power station that Fig. 5 sets up.
Can believe that according to above description advantage and improved effect that method and apparatus of the present invention has are significant to optimum scheme of the present invention.Only otherwise violate the spirit and scope of the present invention described in the following claim, can carry out various changes and adjustment.
Revisal 85106574
After the preceding revisal of the capable revisal of file name page or leaf
Specification 14 by in many production well the institute in many production well all
The 18th, be created in generation
The typical Rankine of 2 10 typical gold
The power consumpiton of 12 Pu power consumpitons
13 set up 500 into about 500
3 15 Tin ' ... temperature T ouH ' Tin ... temperature T out1
16 Tin-Tout1=△Tto Tin-Tout1=△Ti
17 Teval Tevapl
18 a 1With/b 1a 1/ b 1
Unit time in the time of between 19 units
5 17 current capacity hot-fluid capacity
20
21 are added to and give hot 19A and be added to and give hot device 19A
22 each standard package of each standard of each standard group
Assembly
71 almost the generating of any capacity build up sending out of any capacity almost
Stand and to build the power station
The subcritical Rankine of claim 1 16 subcritical gold

Claims (16)

1, the operation method of the power station standard package of a plurality of independent closed cycles, each standard package has a vaporizer, and this operation method may further comprise the steps:
(a) the middle temperature of described type or the series connection of cold temperature source fluid are added to the vaporizer in power station, to produce the hear rate source fluid;
(b) each vaporizer is equipped with a preheater; With
(c) parallel connection of above-mentioned hear rate source fluid is added to whole preheaters.
2, by the process of claim 1 wherein that source fluid is a geothermal fluid.
3, press the method for claim 1, the operating procedure in power station when this method is included in different temperatures.
4, press the method for claim 3, the operating procedure in power station when this method is included in different pressures.
5, by the method for claim 2, this method comprises uses the step of a kind of organic fluid as the working fluid in power station.
6, by the method for claim 5, this method is included in the working fluid that uses same type in each standard package.
7, by the method for claim 1, the step of operation standard assembly when this method is included in subcritical rankine cycle.
8, in power station with a plurality of independent closed cycles power station standard package, each standard package all has a vaporizer, the fluid series connection of middle temperature or low temperature is added in the vaporizer to produce the hear rate fluid, its improvement comprises that each vaporizer all has preheater and the parallel connection of above-mentioned hear rate fluid is added to the device of whole preheaters.
9, the invention of claim 4, wherein a kind of organic fluid is formed the working fluid in power station.
10, the invention of claim 8, wherein said fluid is a geothermal fluid.
11, comprise with the low temperature of described type or the power station of middle temperature fluid source operation:
(a) the power station standard package of a plurality of enclosed rankine cycle, each standard package all is furnished with a vaporizer, and it is responsible for making said source fluid that the working fluid of power station standard package is transformed into steam;
(b) said source fluid series connection is added to the vaporizer in power station to produce the device of hear rate source fluid.
(c) preheater that is connected with each vaporizer is used for the preheating working fluid, and this working fluid evaporates in the vaporizer that links to each other; With
(d) the liquid parallel connection of said hear rate source is added to the device of whole preheaters.
12, by the power station of claim 11, wherein said source is a geothermal fluid.
13, by the power station of claim 11, wherein each power station standard package comprises:
(a) turbogenerator, it is responsible for the vaporized working fluid that vaporizer produced that the power station is connected is used for generating electricity and producing the hear rate working fluid;
(b) condenser, the said hear rate working fluid of its condensation also produces liquid condensate, and this condensed fluid is added in the preheater that links to each other with the said vaporizer that is connected.
14, by a kind of geothermal power plant of claim 13, wherein condenser is a water-cooled.
15,, comprise standard package is arranged in multistage step and the source fluid parallel connection is added to step to the vaporizer of whole standard packages of deciding grade and level by the method for claim 1.
16, by the power station of claim 11, comprise the device that said source fluid parallel connection is added to a plurality of vaporizers of given one-level.
CN85106574.0A 1985-08-31 1985-08-31 Cascaded power plant using low and medium temp. source fluid Expired CN1003317B (en)

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CN1091491C (en) * 1997-12-08 2002-09-25 徐志勤 Temp. differential energy installation and its steam engine
CN100379600C (en) * 2002-04-23 2008-04-09 阳光信任有限责任公司 Rankine cycle power generation
CN101929360A (en) * 2010-09-02 2010-12-29 上海交通大学 Medium-low temperature heat source generating set based on energy cascade utilization and thermal circulation method thereof
CN101994532A (en) * 2010-10-25 2011-03-30 天津大学 Screw cascade waste heat energy generating device and generating method
CN102691541A (en) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-26 株式会社神户制钢所 Generating apparatus
CN102877903A (en) * 2012-10-22 2013-01-16 哈尔滨工业大学 Heat supply and power generation system of low-temperature heat source without direct working capability
CN104110281A (en) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-22 天津大学 Low-temperature-heat high-temperature-drop dual-cycle cascade generation system
CN104279013A (en) * 2013-07-08 2015-01-14 北京华航盛世能源技术有限公司 Optimized organic Rankine cycle low temperature exhaust heat power generation system
CN104727870A (en) * 2015-03-07 2015-06-24 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 Multistage cascaded steam Rankine combined cycle power generation device
CN105351157A (en) * 2015-12-01 2016-02-24 邢培奇 Enhanced geothermal energy medium and low temperature power generation system
CN105443174A (en) * 2016-01-07 2016-03-30 上海维尔泰克螺杆机械有限公司 Cascade type organic Rankine cycle system
CN105464729A (en) * 2016-01-07 2016-04-06 上海维尔泰克螺杆机械有限公司 Smoke and hot fluid waste heat recycling system
CN107036463A (en) * 2011-08-15 2017-08-11 阿贝尔基金会 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Plant
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CN1091491C (en) * 1997-12-08 2002-09-25 徐志勤 Temp. differential energy installation and its steam engine
CN100379600C (en) * 2002-04-23 2008-04-09 阳光信任有限责任公司 Rankine cycle power generation
CN101929360B (en) * 2010-09-02 2013-08-21 上海交通大学 Medium-low temperature heat source generating set based on energy cascade utilization and thermal circulation method thereof
CN101929360A (en) * 2010-09-02 2010-12-29 上海交通大学 Medium-low temperature heat source generating set based on energy cascade utilization and thermal circulation method thereof
CN101994532A (en) * 2010-10-25 2011-03-30 天津大学 Screw cascade waste heat energy generating device and generating method
CN102691541B (en) * 2011-03-24 2014-12-10 株式会社神户制钢所 Generating apparatus
CN102691541A (en) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-26 株式会社神户制钢所 Generating apparatus
CN107036463A (en) * 2011-08-15 2017-08-11 阿贝尔基金会 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Plant
US10619944B2 (en) 2012-10-16 2020-04-14 The Abell Foundation, Inc. Heat exchanger including manifold
CN102877903A (en) * 2012-10-22 2013-01-16 哈尔滨工业大学 Heat supply and power generation system of low-temperature heat source without direct working capability
CN104110281A (en) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-22 天津大学 Low-temperature-heat high-temperature-drop dual-cycle cascade generation system
CN104279013A (en) * 2013-07-08 2015-01-14 北京华航盛世能源技术有限公司 Optimized organic Rankine cycle low temperature exhaust heat power generation system
CN104727870A (en) * 2015-03-07 2015-06-24 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 Multistage cascaded steam Rankine combined cycle power generation device
CN105351157A (en) * 2015-12-01 2016-02-24 邢培奇 Enhanced geothermal energy medium and low temperature power generation system
CN105443174A (en) * 2016-01-07 2016-03-30 上海维尔泰克螺杆机械有限公司 Cascade type organic Rankine cycle system
CN105464729A (en) * 2016-01-07 2016-04-06 上海维尔泰克螺杆机械有限公司 Smoke and hot fluid waste heat recycling system

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