CN85106369A - The production of hologram and reproducting method - Google Patents
The production of hologram and reproducting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN85106369A CN85106369A CN 85106369 CN85106369A CN85106369A CN 85106369 A CN85106369 A CN 85106369A CN 85106369 CN85106369 CN 85106369 CN 85106369 A CN85106369 A CN 85106369A CN 85106369 A CN85106369 A CN 85106369A
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Abstract
The shooting of photo of the present invention and replay method, be the on-chip hologram of the photo of photo to be overlapped on this photo take, such as, utilize Lippmann---the Bragg phototype, by a object beam and reference beam from same light source, wherein object beam contains the amplitude information corresponding to this photo, and respective imaging is formed on corresponding to the photographic film on hologram plane simultaneously.The aperture diaphragm of imaging optical system contains the image in the hologram.Predetermined phase place is dried scratches combination in order to take, and insert an optical phase modulator between aperture diaphragm and hologram plane.
Description
What the present invention relates to is a kind of phase and method of reproducing mutually taken the photograph.This method is an on-chip hologram of photo to be overlapped on the former photo produce then, for example adopt the Lippmann-Bragg phototype, by same light source exhalation light beam and reference beam, wherein object beam contains the amplitude information corresponding to this photo, and corresponding imaging is formed on corresponding to the substrate on hologram image plane simultaneously.Make in this way, contain the image shown in the hologram in the aperture diaphragm of its imaging optical system.
In these class methods of on Deutsche Bundespatent 2840556, being introduced, hologram is overlapped one resemble on the sheet normally.This hologram can comprise any needed information, and can reproduce or read or measure by machine by the optical means of using a reference beam.Be used in this photo on the ID (identity number) card or be used on the certificate of entrustment if plan, this method just can guarantee that the reliability of height is to prevent pseudo-product, because in fact,, otherwise can not overlap hologram on the photo unless the adulterator has also had the equipment that is used for obtaining hologram.But the information that is contained in the hologram still can be spied on by potential adulterator, so that the adulterator just can forge when obtaining necessary technical ability and equipment.Therefore, encode hologram photograph information, potential adulterator can't be read or survey, perhaps some holograms being overlaped becomes so complicated, and the adulterator can't be copied, and will make counterfeit be difficult to produce like this.
Owing to this reason, purpose of the present invention is exactly will be with the hologram information distortion that contains in the photo or overlapping that counterfeit and duplicate can't be made at all.
In order to finish above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has adopted and inserted the method that can produce the optical phase modulator that gives fixed phase interference (phase disturbances) between aperture diaphragm and hologram plane.The method according to this invention, the described phase bit of giving is disturbed the second group of information that can be used as hologram, it can make the hologram information distortion that is in the aperture diaphragm, and when coming reconstructing hologram down to the means that adopt common reference beam, the hologram information in aperture diaphragm just is difficult to see.If adopt a kind of special mensuration (below will discuss), then just can read respectively by the dried second group of information of hologram that causes of scratching of phase place.Under any circumstance, the stack of two groups of hologram informations all can make the coding of hologram information become quite complicated, makes pseudo-system become impossible only not.
But must remember,, the quality of photograph is had a strong impact on if the dried next door that is placed on aperture diaphragm as the optical phase modulator of second group of information of hologram of scratching of phase bit is given in generation.Because, optical phase modulator is placed in the aperture diaphragm, can have a strong impact on the formation of elephant at the perforation hole place, therefore, energy produces and gives front, the part of the imaging optical system that this optical phase modulator is configured to take a picture and additional dried the scratching of phase place of generation that the dried optical phase modulator of scratching of phase bit be placed on next door, hologram plane or an optical phase modulator is placed on imaging optical system.
In order to guarantee that effect that imaging optical system is taken a picture can not be subjected to being used for producing the having a strong impact on of optical phase modulator of hologram, can replenish the both sides that the dried optical phase modulator of scratching of phase place (can regard the lens in the system as) be installed in aperture diaphragm producing.
Be stored in the hologram that the method according to this invention produces because two groups of hologram informations are overlapping, another object of the present invention can use a kind of method to read or measure two groups of information respectively exactly so, and two groups of information can not interfere with each other.Be according to a further general feature of the present invention, constitute an imaging optical system if an optical phase modulator and the optical phase modulator that produces hologram be coupled, and this system is placed in the modulated object beam light path of using for reproduction, then be in first group of phase information in the aperture diaphragm just can read individually and measure and with the phase place that causes by optical phase modulator dried scratch irrelevant.It is true to nature or focus on elephant clearly to form an images that contains first group of hologram information by this method.
According to another feature provided by the invention, first group of hologram information can be read or measure uninterruptedly, this is because comprise an element of being made by glass in the optical phase modulator, this element can be produced refract light and be formed an element with an auxiliary body that produces refract light by a protuberance, as lens element, thus the ingredient of formation optical system.In this case, the second group of hologram information that is stored in the phase-modulator can all be eliminated in reappearing light.
In addition, can be formed or be formed by different Fresnel (Fresnel) band plate according to optical phase modulator used in the present invention by some phase holograms.In this case, hologram information is stored in the interference grating, and also can influence the amplitude relevant with brightness, thereby the interference fringe of phase hologram contains the hologram that all need reappear.Lightness distribution will be decided by to be stored in the phase shift in the interference fringe among the figure, so that coherent amplitude also can reproduce in the reproduction of phase hologram.
Except that phase hologram, also have amplitude hologram, wherein the difference of brightness is also expressed by the phase in-migration.But an amplitude hologram can not be stored in the refraction grating, but is stored in the amplitude grating on a plane, and wherein phase shift is produced by the dried diffraction light of scratching edge (amplltude-disturbing edges) of amplitude.Phase hologram is made the optical path difference that relates in the grating dry up and is produced, and amplitude hologram then will lean on the dried diffraction light of scratching the edge of its amplitude to produce.
Hologram information can be stored in the interference grid of a phase hologram or be stored in the amplitude grid of an amplitude hologram.
According to a further general feature of the present invention, the optical phase modulator of production hologram not only is used for making first group of information distortion of hologram, and contains second group of information of hologram.
Within the scope of the invention, second group of information of hologram can be obtained separately and measure, and is not in the influence of the first group of information of hologram in the aperture diaphragm.According to a further general feature of the present invention, in order to reappear hologram, use an optical phase modulator to assist to be in information in the aperture diaphragm in order to eliminating first group of information of hologram, and have only the information that is present in the phase-modulator when generating hologram can be reproduced or determined.This auxiliary optical phase-modulator also can be made up of such as a vitreum or plastic products a phase hologram or an object that produces refraction effect.
Can find out obviously that from the explanation of front the element that is called as " optical modulator " not necessarily only plays a kind of effect of phase modulation.
One is called as the element that has only the phase modulation effect, if it only influences phase place, that is to say, if it only produces phase shift, that has just at least temporarily eliminated relevant regional condition.This optical phase modulator can be made of glass elements that can produce an anaclasis or plastic products, so that produce optical path difference by the transmission of these elements.But amplitude modulaor also can influence phase place, such as, owing to the diffraction of light that causes in dried scratching (disturbing transition) conversion place, this phenomenon can produce in the porous grating.If an element does not influence phase place and only influences amplitude, we claim it only to have the amplitude modulation effect, so when transmitting laser beam, it makes the imaging deepening with weak amplitude, and at this moment, does not have to produce the relevant conversion of diffraction light.Therefore, the element that has only has a kind of effect of amplitude modulator and can not cause diffraction light; And the element that has only has the effect of phase modulation, but fully transparent; Also some element has the effect of amplitude modulation and phase modulation simultaneously.
According to a further general feature of the present invention, the 3rd group of information can be stored in the overlapping hologram, and this is because two groups of information of hologram are so mated, and when reappearing, they form an images jointly or have and give the striped of deciding the information content.
Also can carry out like this according to this method of the present invention, promptly optical phase modulator or optics amplitude modulaor can insert in the reference beam, and preferably make them near the hologram plane.
According to a further general feature of the present invention, be special needs to making the certificate that can not be forged.At this moment, can provide one group of hologram information with the hologram form at least.This hologram is by the computer control production and can reads by a sensor and computing machine.These hologram information combinations are to use method as you know to produce under the control of computing machine.This method is to produce according to a program to give fixed coherence map, and the typical data to this coherence map is encoded in hologram, makes can read this coherence map by means of the reference beam with computer simulation.
The hologram that is produced by computer control also goes for using optical detecting.
According to a further general feature of the present invention, in hologram information combination, have at least one group of hologram that can be impinged upon on the photographic film film to make amendment or eliminate.To state situation extremely important to following for the solution of the present invention, occurred variation again after promptly sending when a certificate or with class file, and this variation is when needing to stay on the file.
According to a further general feature of the present invention, one corresponding in hologram the information of coded message can be stored in another hologram, make can compare easily originally the time in check.The device of this another information of storage can be a common tape, also can be made of the bit pattern plate that can carry out the optics measured value.
Operations according to the instant invention can produce three-dimensional hologram.At this moment, the hologram of storage can be measured in several planes, so that described planimetric position becomes additional foundation originally.
The present invention program's explanation is explained control reference figure below in more detail.
Fig. 1 is the device synoptic diagram that a generation contains the hologram of distortion hologram information.
Fig. 2 is a synoptic diagram that reappears the hologram made from Fig. 1 device.
Fig. 3 produces a process units synoptic diagram that contains the transmission hologram of coding ZD information (4).
Fig. 4 produces a process units synoptic diagram that contains the hologram of encoded holographic figure information.
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram that reappears the hologram that is produced by Fig. 4 device.
Fig. 6 produces a hologram and a corresponding auxiliary process units synoptic diagram that is provided with in order to cause distortion.
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram that reappears according to the hologram that Fig. 6 produced.
In device shown in Figure 1, the diffuse optical system that the beam of laser bundle that laser instrument 2 is launched is being close to diffuses into a branch of divergent beams.Divergent laser beam 1 is incident on the scatterer 3, and the latter plays the object lens effect.After coming, transparent substance 4 is positioned on the inletpiston of optical system and is used for producing that amplitude is dried scratches in object beam.Object beam passes the optical system 5 and the aperture diaphragm 7 of imaging, and it can contain the dried hologram information of scratching the pattern form of amplitude.Between aperture diaphragm 7 and hologram plane 6, insert an optical phase modulator 18.Obviously, this optical phase modulator can produce also that amplitude is dried scratches, and causes distortion and is incident on the hologram plane 6 as the distortion light beam through the object beam of described optical phase modulator 18.
Not shown by laser beam 1) with the known method reference beam 17(that derives.Reference beam 17 is incident on the hologram plane 6 as shown in the figure.Because being concerned with between object beam and the reference beam, therefore formed hologram has comprised amplitude information 4 and the hologram information that is included in the aperture diaphragm 7 on the photosensitive material on hologram plane 6.Because optical phase modulator 18, hologram is recorded into the shape of distortion.
A kind of method that illustrates in addition among Fig. 1 is that the amplitude information 4 in the object beam is replaced by the amplitude information in the reference beam 9.In this scheme, the amplitude information that is write down can distortion, and has only hologram information 7 to go on record, and the latter is because the effect of optical phase modulator 18 is recorded into coding form.
In first kind of scheme, there is not amplitude information 9.In second kind of scheme, object beam does not comprise amplitude information.Amplitude information 4 and 9 can use jointly.
The reproduction of the hologram that Fig. 1 realized and the available Fig. 2 that decodes explain.
If the optical system of not decoding 8 or contain the photographic film 10 of hologram, then eyes 11 virtual image that will see optical phase modulator 18 and be included in the aperture control device 7 and formed by the information of optical phase modulator institute distortion.
If draw identifiable the elephant, then must by optical phase modulator 18 and optical element form in the imaging optical system lens element.This optical element can comprise a lens sub-element 8, and the latter is the auxiliary element of optical phase modulator 18, but simpler method is to obtain identical result with the optical element 10 that can play the 8 the sort of effects of lens sub-element.This optical element 10 contains a corresponding auxiliary hologram.
In the scheme shown in Figure 3, the hologram of generation is a transmission hologram.
Between reflection hologram and transmission hologram, must be distinguished.Reflection hologram can reappear by enough white lights, such as the Lippmann-Bragg hologram, because useless wavelength has been filtered in each hologram plane when reappearing.This so-called white-light hologram itself satisfies coherent condition, so that its hologram can use incoherent light just can reappear at its corresponding wavelength place.For this reason, this reflection hologram obtains the most general utilization in practice.
In transmission hologram, each wavelength is applicable to special diffraction conditions, so that produce a large amount of imaging.These imaging parts can not be used, and are difficult to obtain a hologram that satisfies coherent condition.This problem only is resolved in so-called " rainbow " hologram.
According to the transmission hologram that Fig. 3 produced, in this hologram, the same side that reference beam of deriving out with known method from object beam and object beam itself all are added in hologram plane 6.
Lens mechanism can be formed or be made up of the Fresnel band plate by common convex-concave glass elements.The Fresnel band plate can comprise several holograms, and they lump together and produce identical result.In these optical elements, interfere grid to be used to produce the result identical rather than to be used to reappear a hologram with lens element.
In the device synoptic diagram shown in Figure 4, a normal real image of optics amplitude modulaor 4 forms on hologram plane 6, but owing to optical element 12,13 makes hologram information 7 distortions.Optical element the 13, the 14th, hologram, they constitute lens of imaging optical system jointly, make the imaging of optics amplitude modulaor 4 write down correctly, and still, the record of hologram information 7 is the distortion owing to optical element 13 then.
According to the hologram that is write down among Fig. 4, can resemble device shown in Figure 2 by one and reappear.
Fig. 5 is the reproduction marginal data of an integral hologram.This integral hologram produces with following method.Optical phase modulator 18 is inserted in any place, 6 fronts, hologram plane, is positioned at outgoing window place.Here, phase place dried scratch to optics amplitude modulaor 4 ' record slight influence only takes place.Therefore, just appear on the hologram by the dried corresponding photograph information of scratching of amplitude of optics amplitude modulaor 4 ' produced, and visually see true to nature resembling.Hologram information 7 ' record because the effect of optical phase modulator 18 and distortion, so that will with the utility appliance of optical phase modulator 12(optical phase modulator 18) holographic Figure 10 of playing same function inserts and is used to reappear in the reference beam of hologram, the generation of the holographic Figure 10 that decodes is as shown in Figure 6.
For record, contain hologram information to the optical phase modulator 8(shown in Fig. 2) insert from the object beam that infinity comes.These optical phase modulator 8 auxiliary optical phase-modulators 18 form an imaging optical system.Therefore, this optical phase modulator 8 is auxiliary optical phase modulators, and optical element among it and Fig. 1 18 is common to constitute an imaging lens element.
According to shown in Figure 6, hologram is made into a transmission hologram.In addition, the holographic Figure 10 among the figure also can be by as a reflection hologram, and in this case, reference beam will be injected from the another side on hologram plane.
In order to reappear, the holographic Figure 10 that is produced according to Fig. 6 method has optical effect as shown in Figure 7.
Picture and text explanation in the legend
Fig. 1
Hologram record
The coding of amplitude information (4) and phase information (7).
Can provide a limpid amplitude information at 4 or 9 positions.
Fig. 2
The reproduction of hologram
The Referenz=reference beam
Virtuelles Bild=virtual image
Fig. 3
The record of transmission hologram
The Referenz=reference beam
Fig. 4
The record of coding optical phase modulator
The Referenz=reference beam
Fig. 5
Reappear: amplitude information (4 ') is coding not
Phase information (7 ') is encoded
The Refereuz=reference beam
Fig. 6
Shooting and its pair sheet G of the hologram S of modulation (or coding).
Fig. 7
Use and pay sheet and do not use pair hologram S that sheet reappeared.
Claims (17)
1, the present invention is the method for a kind of generation and reproducing photographic.This method is that a hologram in the photo substrate is overlapped on this photo, for example, uses Lippmann-Bragg.Phototype is photographed by the object beam and the reference beam of same light source.Here, object beam contains the amplitude information corresponding to this photo, and corresponding imaging is formed on corresponding to the photographic film on hologram plane simultaneously.Make in this way, the aperture diaphragm of imaging optical system contains the image by the hologram representative.It is characterized in that, between aperture diaphragm and hologram plane, insert an optical phase modulator, give in order to generation that fixed phase place is dried scratches.
2, according to the method for claim article one, it is characterized in that,, constitute an imaging optical system, insert in the modulated object beam, be used for reappearing hologram with an optical phase modulator and other optical phase modulator in order to reappear.
3, according to the method for claim article one, it is characterized in that, described optical phase modulator by, for example, the element that glass is made is formed, it has a convex surface, and can pass through refract light.This element and a utility appliance that produces refract light cooperate an element that constitutes imaging optical system, for example, and lens element.
According to the method for claim article one, it is characterized in that 4, optical phase modulator of the present invention is constituted by a Fresnel band plate or by many different Fresnel band plate elements.
5, according to the method for claim article one, it is characterized in that, can contain second group of hologram information for the employed optical phase modulator of record among the present invention.
6, according to of the improvement of claim article one to the holographic photography program, it is characterized in that, the represented object view of hologram is made up of an optical phase modulator in aperture diaphragm, and will reappear this hologram with the optical phase modulator in aperture diaphragm with another auxiliary optical phase modulator.When reappearing this hologram, first group of information of hologram is eliminated, and is inserted in that the information of being stored in the optical phase modulator between aperture diaphragm and the hologram plane will be reappeared or measured.
According to claim article one, it is characterized in that 7, two groups of information of hologram are so mated, when reappearing, they synthetic one contain and give the imaging of deciding information.
8, according to the improvement of claim article one method, it is characterized in that, be inserted in the reference beam that adjoins the hologram plane optical phase modulator or an optics amplitude modulaor that contains corresponding to the amplitude information of photo.
9, according to claim article one, it is characterized in that having at least one group of hologram information to illustrate by a hologram.This hologram is produced by computer control, and can obtain by a sensor and a computing machine.
According to the improvement of nine described methods of claim the, it is characterized in that 10, the hologram that produces that computerizeds control also is suitable for using optical method measuring.
11, according to the method for claim article one, it is characterized in that having at least one group of hologram information to change or remove with being stored in hologram in the photographic film.
12, according to the method for claim article one, it is characterized in that, for originally compare, can corresponding to the information storage of one group of hologram information in another information carrier.
According to the method for 12 of claims the, it is characterized in that 13, this information carrier is a tape or other identical things.
According to the method for claim article one, it is characterized in that 14, the hologram information coding that writes down is three-dimensional, and can measure in a plurality of planes on photographic film.
15, the coded message carrier that contains a substrate, there is one group to contain the photo of photographic information and have at least one to overlap the hologram that to express first group of information on this photo on its substrate, the feature of carrier is, the hologram that second group of information of an expression will be arranged at least, this hologram contains the phase-modulated information that holograph writes down, and is superimposed upon on foregoing first group of hologram information.
16, according to 15 of claims the, the device that produces a coded message carrier is can show clearly that by one the photaesthesia exograph X that gives fixed hologram plane is constituted.This device contains a photographic recording system and can be used to photograph above-mentioned photo on described sensitization substrate, also have a hologram recording recording system to can be used on described photographic film, take the photograph next hologram, and have a photomodulator that above-mentioned first group of hologram information be shown and some reference beams and lead described photographic film and guidance light beam by the device of described photomodulator to the described photographic film.It is characterized in that, in order in the light beam of incident light, to produce one group of dried scratching of phase place, in the light path of described reference beam, insert an optical phase modulator or be arranged in the optical phase modulator of light path insertion of the described object beam between described photomodulator (this photomodulator contains first group of information of hologram) and the hologram plane.
17, according to 15 of claims the, in order to decode and to reappear hologram information in the coded message carrier, employing equipment comprises that the guiding reference beam removes to produce the object beam of a branch of modulation to described information carrier, and this object beam contains at least one described hologram information.It is characterized in that, on the light path of described modulated object beam, insert an optical decoder device and from above-mentioned modulated object beam, eliminate first group or second group of information of hologram selectively, then, transmission contained having separated of first group or second group information not being eliminated in hologram information sign indicating number, modulated object beam again.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85106369 CN85106369A (en) | 1985-08-24 | 1985-08-24 | The production of hologram and reproducting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85106369 CN85106369A (en) | 1985-08-24 | 1985-08-24 | The production of hologram and reproducting method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85106369A true CN85106369A (en) | 1987-03-18 |
Family
ID=4795040
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85106369 Pending CN85106369A (en) | 1985-08-24 | 1985-08-24 | The production of hologram and reproducting method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN85106369A (en) |
-
1985
- 1985-08-24 CN CN 85106369 patent/CN85106369A/en active Pending
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