CN85104219A - Film method - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of method of making and showing a film is described: shoot, then it is shown on screen, produce a kind of thundering true lively effect.The film picture has every millimeter 40 line to above sharpness, and the area of every width of cloth picture is at least 230 square millimeters, and every width of cloth picture causes 1,000 ten thousand above pixels on film and screen.Illumination level on the screen is higher than 16.5 footlamberts.The film picture is with more than per second 50 width of cloth, and for example the constant rate of speed that presets of per second 60 width of cloth is taken and shown.Have been found that and adopt high definition and intensity level, adopt thundering high sampling rate simultaneously, can produce thundering true lively effect.

Description

Film method

In the film development in early days, be the parameter that settles the standard by experiment.Perhaps, initial inventor is Thomas Edison, and it has designed a kind of 35 millimeters format film, and this specification remains the specification of using the most widely in worldwide the cinema film so far.The sampling rate that Edison selects is per second 48 width of cloth, and this speed is found can avoid perceptible flicker.But afterwards in industrial this speed of having abandoned, this is the result of study owing to Louis (LOUIS) and Bille August Lamia (August Lumier), and they find, each picture are flashed repeatedly just can eliminate flicker.They have selected the speed of per second 16 width of cloth, but make every width of cloth picture flash three times (interdicting twice) to form three of short duration manifesting, to obtain flash 48 times speed of per second, this speed is found and can avoids perceptible flicker when reducing required cinefilm quantity.Speed is per second 16 width of cloth, and dual the flashing of every width of cloth picture can produce continuous and map that freely glimmer (being like this at least) when video quality is not good.

Phase later 1920s when being added to sound on the film, need make film speed faster, so that moving of audio track can be near being enough to surpass pick-up head, so that reach the good sound fidelity.Speed is per second 24 width of cloth, and every width of cloth picture flashes twice, and promptly per second 48 subframes of appearing before one's eyes are selected as standard.This speed is used till today from that time always, and the standard of still worldwide showing as commercial cinema film.Though obtaining significant progress aspect the research that improves film quality, but the achievement of the relevant sampling rate of having announced comparatively speaking seldom, because people have accepted 24 dual these speed standards of flashing of per second, in fact, from nearest paper, can find suggestion about this respect, think that promptly the modern times should adopt sampling rate to be lower than per second 24 width of cloth, but every width of cloth film flicker three times.People may notice, in scientific experiment, use the very high video camera of sampling rate sometimes, for example the research fly bomb hit or during the airmanships of birds, but last resulting film is shown under much lower speed, for example, with the speed of the per second 18 or 24 width of cloth, but not original rate with video camera.

Obtaining significant progress aspect the improvement image quality.The particle size restrictions of film its sharpness.In initial film development, the granularity problem that may be nothing, the film of Edison's invention at that time shows that with peephole video (Peep Show display) (theatre (the nickelodeon) of five fens of a kind of admission fee) is relevant, even in the cinema screening in early days, the continuously restriction that may also cover the film granularity to positive photoresist film picture and other technical restricted problem exactly.But because bigger wideer screen has especially been used in the improvement of video camera and projector technology, it is important that the film particle size restrictions has become.Add wide screen and can increase level angle, people generally acknowledge that for a long time this is to cause the sense of reality needed, still, add wide screen lateral magnification is increased, thereby obviously increase granularity.Phase earlier 1950s, adopted the film of 70 mm wides, to increase sharpness.Phase later 1950s, a kind of technology that is called Vist dimension gloomy (Vista Vision) that is used for wide screen has appearred, it uses 35 mm film of standard, but every width of cloth picture is from the normal position half-twist, like this, Vist dimension gloomy (Vista Vision) is high with being approximately 0.870 inch, 1.470 the picture of inch wide (extending with 1.470 inches length directions along film) has replaced 0.825 inch wide, 0.446 the standard flim picture that inch is high, a kind of ultraphotic synthesis that is called has also appearred in nineteen fifties, (Cinerama) technology, it adopts the projector of use 35 mm film of three separation, and purpose is to obtain good mapping quality on the screen of whole non-constant width.Recently, the film projection film of accidental use 70 mm wides in commercial entertainment sheet, its image size are 1.912 inches and multiply by 0.870 inch.Along with the continuous appearance of these technology, in commercial movie theatre, use big video, obtaining the stronger sense of reality can expect.

According to one embodiment of the present of invention, the method that is used for the Making Movies video has been described, it can produce true lively effect out front.Film is taken on photographic film, and flushing is made and projection.This film has enough sharpness, and every picture is all enough big, and phtographic lens also has enough resolution, can form to be better than the every millimeter 40 right sharpness of line on the area of at least 230 square millimeters (0.36 square inches).Every width of cloth picture is incident upon the map on the screen, and the sharpness that at least also should demonstrate this grade multiply by magnification.During showing, on screen, form the illumination level that is higher than 16 footlamberts.Can make the film exposure and can show required sampling rate thereafter and be at least per second 50 width of cloth.At least every millimeter 40 line is to multiply by the high definition of projection magnification ratio, is higher than 16 footlamberts' the high illumination level and the two-forty of per second 50 width of cloth pictures at least on the screen, can be the spectators that watch the projection video and causes true lively video.

Listed novel feature of the present invention in the attached claim in detail.From following explanation, can fully understand the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the partial elevation view and the stereographic map of the film device of prior art.

Fig. 2 be Fig. 1 device simplification stereographic map.

Fig. 3 is similar to Fig. 2, just Figure 3 shows that the prior art device of slow slightly moment than Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is the planimetric map of commercial cinema.

Fig. 5 is the view that is illustrated in two lines how determining sharpness in the device of the present invention.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have represented a general commercial type film projector, and it can be incident upon video on the screen 12.This projector comprises a light source 14 and a camera lens 16, and camera lens 16 makes light pass through film 18 and camera lens 20, and camera lens 20 concentrates on the screen light.Represented film intermittent delivery mechanism 22 among Fig. 2, geneva gear for example, it comprises film engagement sprocket wheel 24, is used for making film picture 18F to move quickly into the display position that is positioned at the camera lens dead astern, and makes film in one blink of this place maintenance.During film was shifted to display position, a shutter 26 had interdicted light, as shown in Figure 3.In this film method, per second has the new picture of 24 width of cloth to be positioned in display position.But, in order to prevent flicker, all by shutter 26 of short duration blockings, therefore every width of cloth picture manifests twice to the new picture of every width of cloth, promptly " flashes " twice when display position stops, and glimmering appears in general so just can avoiding.

Though obtaining remarkable progress aspect the improvement film quality,, these effort generally only limit to adjust film picture dimension, direction or the like.As previously mentioned,, comprise the film picture that adopts large-size, to reduce the influence of film granularity, especially when roomy screen is shown improving the work of being done on the image quality.

Can produce true lively effect out front according to the method that is used to form the film video provided by the invention, this effect surpasses the effect that produces in the cinema in the past, even surpasses the effect when using wide format film and best equipment to take and showing a film film in the past.Particularly, it is found that, sharpness and film picture when the high movie theatre quality of configuration, adopt high screen illumination level simultaneously, promptly adopt used high illumination level in the in the past best cinema, and when adopting the very high sampling rate of per second at least 50 width of cloth, spectators can experience and far surpass the height authenticity of being known from experience before this, and to show the cinefilm of high definition also like this even the past is the high illumination level of employing.

Can determine the sharpness of the video of projection on big, high-quality movie theatre screen by diverse ways.A kind of is that the line pair count that can differentiate in every millimeter is determined.SMPTE(film and Television Engineer association) set one the every millimeter 80 right standard of line.This " standard " is a target in fact, in fact almost never reaches.Fig. 5 has represented a pair of line to 40,41, the space 42 between them, and line is D to distance separating.If distance D is 1/80 millimeter, and two lines can distinguish, and it is right that then sharpness is at least every millimeter 80 line.For height is the standard 35 mm film pictures of 11.3 millimeters (0.446 inches), is that it is right to tell 900 lines on the height of whole film picture under the right situation of every millimeter 80 line in the sharpness of film.When sharpness be every millimeter 40 line to the time, it is right to tell 450 lines on the height of whole film picture.

Another kind of determine sharpness or contain information or the method for memory capacity can be according to this condition that promptly the pixel (Pixels) that can show of the space between every line and each line is listed as, for example pixel 43,44,45.The sharpness of supposing all directions is identical, and then information capacity is directly proportional with the area of film picture." standard " 35 mm film pictures wide are 21 millimeters (0.825 inches), and height is 11.3 millimeters (0.446 inches).When sharpness be every millimeter 80 line to the time, calculate according to said method, the capacity of every width of cloth film picture is 1,375 ten thousand pixels.In fact, the professional cameraman uses standard device and conscientious work, sharpness is reached be approximately 50% of SMPTE standard, and it is right promptly to be about every millimeter 40 line, therefore we can say that the capacity of every 35 mm film picture is about 3,400 ten thousand pixels

Color film obtains now easily, and it has enough fineness of grain, and it is right that sharpness can surpass every millimeter 80 line.

A high-resolution projection lens can be incident upon the video on the film picture on the screen, the roughly the same sharpness or the pixel capacity that are presented on generation and film picture on the screen.In other words, be the every millimeter 40 right standard 35 mm film pictures of line for a width of cloth sharpness, on the whole height of the video of showing, it is right to tell 450 lines.

As indicated above, the information capacity of film picture depends on the area and sharpness two aspects of film picture.

Following table is available film size contrast

Nearly all family expenses film all uses " superfine 8 " specification to take, and the area of the every width of cloth picture of the film of this specification is less than 1/10th of " standard " 35 mm film pictures.Therefore, even be in the technology that can obtain the used video camera of professional cinematographer in the film and be possessed, the information capacity of every width of cloth film picture is still than the much less of 35 millimeters specifications, and 35 millimeters specifications are a kind of films of the minimum used in the commercial movie theatre entertainment moviemaking.

The footlambert that the brightness of the video of projection on screen is reached when generally showing according to blank (not exposure) part of film measures.In general commercial cinema, requiring has 8 to 10 footlambert's grades, and in high-quality cinema, approximately requires to have 12 footlambert's grades.SMPTE once advised adopting 16.5 footlamberts, but did not in fact reach.ANSI(American National Standards Institute) once proposed, can not surpass 16 ± 2 footlamberts' intensity level, otherwise flicker will become harmful.In fact the viewed screen intensity of people depends on that the luminous flux that is incident upon on the screen is the reflection of optical density and screen.In order under the situation of high-quality image, to obtain high-high brightness, we adopt granularity is that the granularity of the lacklustre white surface of 2(is 1.7) hurley ultraphotic (Hurley SuPevglow) screen, suppose that reflection of light is 80%, smaller cinema screen is about 10 feet high, 18 feet wide, even in smaller commercial cinema an of family, the high light intensity that seek out present 15 footlamberts also needs the luminous flux of about 3400 lumens (every square feet 18.5 lumen) so.

When employing is at least the gyp private-use class film of 35 millimeters specifications of standard and professional technique, can realize that every millimeter surpasses the right sharpness of 40 lines, obtain high-quality film, the memory capacity of wherein every width of cloth picture surpasses 3,400,000 pixels.This film adopts the high-quality cinema projection machine projection that has good projection lens through flushing, and the sharpness of video only is subjected to the restriction of film image sharpness on the screen.Such sharpness is shown under near 16.5 footlamberts that advised or higher illumination level condition, and adopts the normal business stage speed of per second 24 width of cloth pictures, can obtain video limpid in sight.But, according to the present invention, to think when possessing high definition and these factors of intensity level, when adding the shooting of per second 50 width of cloth pictures at least and preferably higher video and this factor of projection speed, thundering phenomenon can appear.Watch the spectators of the film video that obtains at last can experience true lively effect, effect ratio is at this moment removed and adopted low sampling rate for example beyond per second 24 width of cloth, and is much better than when other factors is all identical.

Though the image quality of projection must be high, the authenticity that the applicant obtains exactly is not that the information that time per unit projects on the screen causes.It is right that the applicant has made and demonstrated employing 70 millimeters format film (1.663 square inches in every width of cloth picture), sharpness is at least every millimeter 56 line, and sampling rate is the film of per second 60 width of cloth.This film has produced true lively effect, this true lively effect is to adopt the IMAX format film to take (5.23 square inches in every width of cloth picture, but speed is per second 24 width of cloth) same high-quality movie institute can't than like, although the IMAX technology is quantitatively all bigger at the film of information capacity and use.For example, suppose 35 millimeters every standard picture 3,400,000 pixels, then every 70 millimeters pictures are 1,540 ten thousand pixels, every width of cloth IMAX picture 4,830 ten thousand pixels.70 millimeters pictures of per second 60 width of cloth provide 92,400 ten thousand pixels p.s., and the IMAX picture of per second 24 width of cloth provides 1,449,000,000 pixels p.s.., 70 millimeters authenticities that picture produced of per second 70 width of cloth but are eager to excel than the IMAX picture of per second 24 width of cloth.

Can access the film image quality that increases gradually though sampling rate is higher than per second 50 width of cloth gradually, seem that about per second 72 width of cloth are limit, after this, increase speed again video is significantly improved.By one independently company carried out psychological research, estimate the reaction of these spectators with 52 artificial objects to different picture presentation speed.Under the condition of strictness control, to the film of the same scene of taking with per second 24,36,48,60,66 sampling rate different with 72 six kinds, the speed when taking is shown for these objects.Though spectators' evaluation shows the overall quality of video increase with sampling rate, to about per second 72 width of cloth, the reflection of skin electricity has clearly illustrated that this point unintentionally.

By the true lively effect that adopts the so high sampling rate of per second 60 width of cloth to produce, only the video in projection is clear bright, this video is just to occur when having the film picture of the memory capacity of every width of cloth picture 3,400,000 above pixels high brightness levels that obtain and at least 16 footlamberts because of use.If the above-mentioned grade of the capacity of film and brightness ratio is much lower, then adopt the above high sampling rate of per second 50 width of cloth will can not produce true lively effect.It also is necessary taking and show with professional level, can make like this film during taking in the even exposure of appropriate brightness level; Camera lens can be adjusted at the situation that can obtain gem-pure video during taking and showing.All these conditions all can not realize in the family expenses film that adopts general (tyPical) 8 millimeters or superfine (SuPer) 8 format film to take simultaneously.In superfine 8 format film, the area of every width of cloth picture is less than 1/10th of 35 millimeters pictures of standard.Even tonal value reaches professional standards, every millimeter 40 right sharpness of line for example, the capacity of about 300,000 pixels of every width of cloth picture still is in the commercial cinema equipment (35 millimeters standards) accessible about 1/10th in then superfine 8 format film.Compare with the quality of professional movie theatre, the additional mass of family expenses film during taking, wash and showing reduces, and also can cause the more big-difference of projection image quality.

Having the people thinks, the size of film picture is unimportant, because the family expenses film is to show on less screen, therefore the video on the film picture is distributed on the whole smaller area of the small screen, even cinema film, also may in different movie theatres, on the screen of different size, show.But spectators see whole or most of screens only in distance screen place enough far away, perhaps see the whole altitude range of screen at least, could watch preferably and reflect the screen that video is arranged.Fig. 4 represented in the tame little movie theatre an asperratio for the 1.85(width for the height 1.85 times) smaller screen 110, the seating arrangements in the movie theatre are the screen of W to watch width in a square region 112.Preferred seating plan is shown in 114, and 114 between distance screen 0.5W to 1.5W.In the big movie theatre of the giant-screen 120 of the twice that a width is arranged is W, the seat generally is arranged in the square region 122, and desirable viewing areas 124 extends to 1.5T from distance screen 0.5T.At 126 points, this point is positioned at the front of two viewing areas 114,124, and wide the right angle of screen is 60 °.Great majority are sitting in than all feeling under the weather apart from screen spectators more nearby near this position, just can not see most of altitude range of screen because they do not come back and bow.Should be noted that people have found to adopt wide specification film to improve interest, wide specification film provides background image at the edge in the spectators visual field, but the major part of video generally is positioned at the central attached of screen.

Like this, the invention provides a kind of method that produces entertainment film video, this method can reach the true lively effect that surpasses in the past out front.Reaching of this effect is by in the shooting of film video and projection thereafter, the film picture that employing has a high information storage capacity is to be sitting in the video that spectators in the preferred seating area cause high definition, and, film is shown under identical with high-quality cinema film standard at least high brightness levels, in addition, sampling rate is at least per second 50 width of cloth.The information storage capacity of every width of cloth picture is: the sharpness of every width of cloth film picture be every millimeter 40 line to more than, and, the area of every width of cloth picture is at least 230 square millimeters (0.36 square inches), and this is obtained in 35 millimeters format film of standard with the high-quality camera work.This has just reached the above memory capacity of every width of cloth picture 3,400,000 pixels, and, in the video of projection on screen, can reach this capacity at least.(applicant had once set one the every millimeter 56 right visibility minimum standard of line, and the applicant uses 70 millimeters format film.) illumination level is at least 16.5 footlamberts.When adopting these high quality standards, when adopting the high sampling rate of per second 50 width of cloth at least simultaneously, the applicant finds in the spectators of film video, has produced thundering truly lively effect.Certainly, generally be with former make copy and with these copy projections on screen, therefore comprise the projection of copy of the original film of exposure about the explanation of film exposure and projection.

Though in this explanation with illustrate specific embodiment of the present invention, consider in those are proficient in the people of this respect technology to be easy to occur about remodeling of the present invention and variation.Therefore, the explanation of longing for claims can cover these remodeling and coordinator.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of method that causes the generation film video of the physiological reaction that has strengthened out front, it comprises: make a sensitive film band exposure by phtographic lens with a constant sampling rate that presets, form video on each film picture that leaves certain intervals along the film length direction each other; On a screen, this film band identical sampling rate with its exposure the time is advanced the projection of this film band; This exposure and projection step are included in to have to be higher than on this film that the right sharpness of every millimeter 40 line and picture area be at least 230 square millimeters and cause video; This projection step is included in and forms the illumination level that is higher than 16.5 footlamberts on this screen; This constant sampling rate is included in from per second 50 width of cloth in per second 72 width of cloth.

2, the method described in the claim 1, wherein: this projection step comprises that the every width of cloth picture that makes this film is by the above light of 3700 lumens; This screen is at least 10 feet high, 18 feet wide; For complete transparent picture, the luminous flux that projects on this screen is at least every square feet 20 lumen.

3, the method described in the claim 1, wherein: the height of each width of cloth picture of this film is at least 0.446 inch, and width is greater than height.

4, a kind of use and the same cinefilm of taking with the constant sampling rate that presets of original film, cause the method for the generation film video of the physiological reaction that has strengthened out front, it comprises: will preset the sampling rate projection on screen with this with the same film band of this original film, comprising make light by film and projection lens projects on screen; For complete transparent picture, be enough to cause the illumination level that is higher than 18 footlamberts in the central authorities of screen by the light quantity of showing film; Phtographic lens and projection lens all possess enough sharpness, and cinefilm has enough fineness of grain, and the size of every width of cloth picture is all enough big, reaches 900 lines to above sharpness so that make along the width and the video on short transverse and the screen of film picture; This presets sampling rate and is included in per second 50 to 72 width of cloth scopes.

5, the method described in the claim 4, wherein this sampling rate is per second 60 width of cloth.

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