CN85103031A - The method of integer distance pole change of asynchronous motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention improves asynchronous motor simplex winding reverse method and reverse pole-changing.The method be make variable-pole winding before change the utmost point with become after all remain in extremely whole apart from form, thereby improved the utilance of winding.The whole method for designing apart from pole-changing of reverse method and commutation method has been proposed for this reason.

Can design very far away whole apart from variable-pole winding of common ultimate ratio and ultimate ratio according to the method, also can design and adapt to the variable-pole winding that many utmost points are whole distance, the method can improve the motor of distal pole ratio especially and exert oneself.

Description

The method of integer distance pole change of asynchronous motor

Technical field: simplex winding polyspeed asynchronous motor

Reference technique: reverse method pole-changing; Change is to the method pole-changing; The pole-amplitude modulation theory; Right

Claim the axis method; Groove is shape polar plot analytic approach; The Electrical Motor theory.

List of references: " Electrical Motor " Huazhong Institute of Technology Xu Shizhang chief editor, China Machine Press publishes in April, 1981.

Purpose: the utilance that improves variable-pole winding.

One, whole principle apart from pole-changing:

Put in order apart from the pole-changing principle and be based on the winding that adopts 60 ° of facies tracts, perhaps adopt other forms, but have the equal positive trough of belt of quantity and the winding of negative trough of belt.

No matter be single layer winding or two layer winding, for putting in order apart from the line group, a limit of each element of winding must be in the positive trough of belt, and another limit must be in the negative trough of belt.In the pole-changing process, variation number has all taken place in positive trough of belt number and negative trough of belt, if after change extremely in, two limits of all an elements of winding still limit are dropped in the positive trough of belt, another limit is dropped in the negative trough of belt, and we claim this pole-changing for putting in order apart from pole-changing so, adopt such pole changing method, the winding coefficient that becomes the back utmost point does not need to take advantage of a chording factor again, and its reason is tangible.

Two, basic skills:

For make become before the utmost point with become after extremely in, two limits of the element of winding meet above-mentioned rule all the time, this method is when determining winding pitch, the variation of negative trough of belt number is followed on the lower floor limit of considering positive facies tract element in pole-changing; And the variation of positive trough of belt number is followed on the lower floor limit of negative band element in pole-changing.In other words: the positive and negative groove at two of each element circle places, limit number becomes in the pole-changing process and changes state simultaneously.(such as oppositely same: just → negative, negative → just; Tong Yang Change phase: A → B ,-A →-B.) because the electric current in two circle limits of same element should change in the same direction.In order to achieve the above object, before considering to become the utmost point with become after extremely in the distribution of three-phase groove number, perhaps consider the correct selection of the ultimate ratio of 60 facies tract windings, to consider the special arrangement of element pitch simultaneously.

Three, the whole method for designing of reverse method apart from pole-changing:

To the reverse method pole-changing, the positive and negative phase trough of belt number at the place, two limits of each element of the utmost point should be reverse simultaneously or simultaneously not reverse before becoming.Because an element is made up of two limits, so oppositely the positive and negative phase trough of belt number of part should equate.This is a principle of three-phase groove number distribution.

Realize wholely apart from pole-changing, extremely must adopt before the change has the negative band, and the winding configuration that equates with facies tract number just of negative band.60 ° of facies tracts are prevailing a kind of.When adopting fractional slot winding, when the denominator of q=(И)/(d) is odd number,, can be divided into the facies tract that positive and negative groove number equates, meet whole preceding topic apart from pole-changing because every groove number shared in " unit motor " is an even number; But when denominator was even number, because of every groove number in " unit motor " is an odd number, the groove number of positive and negative facies tract was unequal, if at this moment " unit motor " is the even number utmost point, then can the element circle limit number of positive and negative facies tract be equated with two layer winding.Number be decided to be two circle limits to a groove this moment, arranges with the circle limit to replace groove number to arrange.

1. it is whole apart from variable-pole winding how to design reverse method:

＜1〉selected groove number becomes preceding utmost point number of poles, the slot-number phase graph of the utmost point and the change back utmost point before change back utmost point number of poles ， And draws and becomes.

＜2〉it is number right to find out all grooves, and these grooves are number to same-phase on the utmost point phase diagram before change, and on utmost point phase diagram after the change antiphase.These grooves number be to must being that half positive groove is number right on the utmost point phase diagram before change, and second half is that negative groove is number right.

＜3〉before change on the utmost point phase diagram, select suitable groove number to carrying out the three-phase symmetric arrays above-mentioned groove centering, require:

＜a〉(comprise three-phase phase diagram shape unanimity, phase diagram moves 120 ° to three-phase groove symmetry mutually; Every mutually shared groove number is 1/3rd of total groove number; The three-phase groove number does not repeat.）

＜b〉every positive mutually groove logarithm equates with negative groove logarithm.

＜4〉groove of choosing with the utmost point before becoming number to (these grooves number to then must show on the utmost point phase diagram after the change a positive groove number and a negative groove number form a groove number to) on utmost point phase diagram after the change, carry out the three-phase symmetric arrays, arrange and only require the three-phase symmetry, because at this moment groove centering comprises positive and negative two grooves number, so the positive groove number of every phase equates certainly with negative groove number.

＜5〉after arrangement finished, utmost point slot-number phase graph after the utmost point and the change before relatively becoming was found out the groove number (or enclosing limit) that has changed symbol (just just becoming negative or negative change).These grooves number (or circle limit) must be positive and negative paired appearance.

＜6〉before change on the utmost point phase diagram, or become on the utmost point phase diagram of back, each groove number regarded as the circle bark mark, then the change of every phase the positive and negative circle bark mark of symbol be unified into element in couples, the positive and negative circle bark mark that does not have reindexing also is unified into element in couples.If two layer winding, should be from two circle bark marks in the groove, respectively to opposite two direction coupling ring limits.The element pitch of Xing Chenging may have the length difference like this, and is also may length identical, but should be with the end on line the shortest and winding displacement technology conveniently be principle.

2. illustrate:

＜example one 〉

＜1〉ultimate ratio: 8/6

Groove number: Z=36

8 utmost point slot-number phase graphs are seen Fig. 1

6 utmost point slot-number phase graphs are seen Fig. 2

＜2〉same-phase on 8 utmost point phase diagrams, the groove of antiphase is number to being on 6 utmost point phase diagrams:

Positive groove is number right:

1-19，2-20，3-21，4-22，5-23，

6-24，7-25，8-26，9-27，10-28，

11-29，12-30，13-31，14-32，15-33，

16-34，17-35，18-36，

Negative groove is number right:

-1-19，-2-20，-3-21，

-4-22，-5-23，-6-24，

-7-25，-8-26，-9-27，

-10-28，-11-29，-12-30，

-14-32，-15-33，-16-34，

-17-35，-18-36。

＜3〉on 8 utmost point phase diagrams, selected following groove number to (the positive groove logarithm of each phase equals negative groove logarithm):

A phase :-14-32 ,-15-33 ,-6-24,

1-19，10-28，11-29。

B phase :-8-26 ,-9-27 ,-18-36

4-22，5-23，13-31。

C phase :-2-20 ,-3-21 ,-12-30

7-25，16-34，17-35。

And and on Fig. 1, lined up the three-phase symmetric figure.

＜4〉on 6 utmost point phase diagrams (see figure 2) also with 8 extremely selected grooves number to having lined up the three-phase symmetric figure.Here the positive groove number of each phase equals negative groove number.

＜5〉relatively 8 utmost points and 6 utmost point phase diagrams are as can be seen: to 6 utmost points, the groove that A has changed symbol mutually number is :-14 ,-15 ,-24,10,11,19 from 8 utmost points; The groove that B has changed symbol mutually number is :-8 ,-9 ,-18,13,22,23; The groove that C has changed symbol mutually number is :-12 ,-20 ,-21,7,16,17; Every positive groove that has changed symbol mutually number and number pairing of negative groove, equally also, can obtain following each phase element pitch every positive groove that does not have reindexing mutually number and number pairing of negative groove:

A phase: 10

-14,11 -15,19

-24,

(reverse half winding, pitch are 4,4,5)

-32

28，-33

29，-6

1，

(forward half winding, pitch are 4,4,5)

B phase: 13

-9,22

-18,23

-8

(reverse half winding, pitch are 4,4,15)

-27

31，-36

4，-26

5，

(forward half winding, pitch are 4,4,15)

C phase: 16

-20,17

-21,7

-12

(reverse half winding, pitch are 4,4,5)

-2 34，-3

35，-30

25，

(forward half winding, pitch are 4,4,5)

The drawn pitch of each phase form of single sheet of Fig. 3 has 3 kinds of specification element pitch.

These example 8 utmost point winding coefficients equal breadth coefficient, are that 0.945,6 utmost point winding coefficient equals breadth coefficient, are 0.644.Can be used as Rate speed change aroused in interest is used.Compare with conventional method: when conventional method was element pitch with 6 utmost point pole spans, 6 utmost point winding coefficients were 0.644, but 8 utmost point winding coefficients then drop to 0.945 * 0.866=0.818.If the median (getting 5 grooves) with 8 utmost points and 6 utmost point pole spans is a winding pitch, then winding coefficient is respectively: K _W8=0.945 * CoS10 °=0.93 K _W6=0.644 * CoS15 °=0.622 visible whole all growths to some extent of winding coefficient that make 8 utmost points and 6 utmost points apart from scheme.This example just illustrates a kind of method, because of ultimate ratio less, so whole can not demonstrate fully out apart from effect, below an example whole superiority apart from pole-changing then can be described apparent in viewly.

＜example two〉ultimate ratio: 4/26

Groove number: Z=30

＜1〉4 utmost point slot-number phase graphs: (see figure 4)

During 4 utmost points, every extremely every phase groove is counted q=5/2, and denominator is an even number, can adopt double-deck form, and a groove number is decided to be two circle limits, replaces groove number to arrange with the circle bark mark.Chosen three symmetrical circle bark marks among the figure, wherein the positive and negative circle limit number of every phase equates winding coefficient K _W4=0.951,

＜2〉26 utmost point slot-number phase graphs: (see figure 5)

Among the figure during 4 utmost points selected each enclose bark mark (positive and negative symbol can become) mutually and line up three symmetrical circle bark marks, winding coefficient K _W26=0.951

＜3〉element pitch arrangement

See from the comparison of above two phase diagrams: the groove that A has changed symbol mutually number is: 1,3,9,17,23,25.Wherein No. 1, No. 17 two Zheng Quan limits are arranged respectively, No. 3 a Zheng Quan limit is arranged; Two negative circle limits are respectively arranged for No. 9, No. 25, No. 23 a negative circle limit is arranged.So generally speaking, there are five positive signs on the circle limit that has changed symbol, and five negative signs are arranged, and can be paired into the element of winding between them.A does not have the circle limit situation of reindexing identical mutually yet, the B phase, and O phase situation is the A phase roughly the same.Find after the element pairing: this example such as can make at the two layer winding of pitch, and Fig. 6 is seen in the arrangement of A phase element, and each element pitch is seen Fig. 7.

This example 4/26 is put in order apart from the mode pole-changing, and winding coefficient remains unchanged, and very high, and compare visible its advantage with conventional way: conventional way is will be multiplied by chording factor a: K when being element pitch 4 utmost points with 26 utmost point pole spans _W4=K _Q4K _Y4

＝0.951×0.239

＝0.228

(K _Q4Be breadth coefficient, K _Y4Be chording factor)

The two is compared, and whole 4 utmost point winding coefficients apart from the pole-changing method are 4.17 times of conventional method 4 utmost point winding coefficients: 0.951/0.228=4.17.This shows whole superiority apart from the pole-changing method.

Top institute extracting method also can adopt informal 60 ° to bring design whole apart from variable-pole winding mutually, but requires the positive sign groove number (or positive sign circle limit number) of every phase to equal the negative sign groove number (or negative sign circle limit number) of every phase.If adopt computer layout scheme, then should program by top institute's extracting method and step.

For 60 facies tract windings, adopting the pole-amplitude modulator approach to realize whole is very easily apart from pole-changing, but must follow certain rule, has discussed 60 ° of whole fundamentums apart from pole-changing of facies tract winding pole-amplitude modulation reverse method below, the reference when can be used as design.

The four .60 ° of whole rules of facies tract winding pole-amplitude modulation reverse method apart from pole-changing:

60 ° of facies tract windings because the three-phase groove number meets the requirements in before pole-changing, only need to consider how to determine opposing slot number and arranging elements pitch, should correctly select the Wehnelt electrode number of poles with pole-amplitude modulation methods rule.Analyze according to the pole-amplitude modulator approach below: make 60 facies tract windings obtain whole two rules apart from the pole-changing scheme.

1. first kind of rule:

Make Wehnelt electrode m just in time equal odd number pole span before the pole-changing, write out with formula and be pole span:

m· (Z)/(K) ＝（2n-1） (Z)/(2P) ，

Or: K=(2m)/(2n-1) P,

(m, n are any natural numbers, and p is a utmost point number of pole-pairs before becoming, and K is the Wehnelt electrode number of pole-pairs, and Z is a number of stator slots.）

In the following formula, utmost point number of pole-pairs P should be eliminated by (2n-1) before becoming, and could guarantee that Wehnelt electrode number of pole-pairs K is an integer.And K must be an even number.

The principle of this rule is:

When m equals odd number and becomes to the Wehnelt electrode pole span before utmost point pole span (see figure 8) respectively this m to the Wehnelt electrode scope in, modulated situation generally can be not identical, and main problem is: this m to the Wehnelt electrode scope in, the positive and negative groove number that every phase is under the same polarity Wehnelt electrode separately not necessarily equates.But because this m to the Wehnelt electrode scope in, utmost point pole span number is an odd number before becoming, make the adjacent m of the next one to the Wehnelt electrode scope in, opposite modulation situation has appearred: promptly corresponding to preceding m to any groove of modulation in the polar region number, always can find the opposite signal of modulation direction in to the modulation polar region at back m.So, 2m to the Wehnelt electrode scope in, each positive and negative groove number of being in mutually under the people having the same aspiration and interest system character must equate.Again because Wehnelt electrode number of pole-pairs K is the integral multiple of 2m, thus K to the Wehnelt electrode scope in, each positive and negative groove number of being in mutually under the people having the same aspiration and interest system character also must equate, this has just met reverse method and has put in order basic demand apart from pole-changing.

Illustrated above:, then can obtain whole apart from the pole-changing scheme as Wehnelt electrode coincidence formula: K=(2m)/(2n-1) P.Before become this moment the utmost point and the ratio that becomes the back utmost point into:

(P)/(P′) ＝ (P)/(K±P)

$=\frac{P}{\frac{\mathrm{2m}}{\mathrm{2n-1}}\mathrm{p\pm P}}$

＝ (2n-1)/(2m±（2n-1）)

(P ' for becoming back utmost point number of pole-pairs)

Following formula explanation: (P)/(P ')=(odd number)/(odd number).

2. second kind of rule:

Make utmost point m before becoming equal the odd number pole span of Wehnelt electrode, write out with formula and be pole span:

m· (Z)/(P) ＝（2n-1） (Z)/(2K)

Or: K=(2n-1)/(2m) P

In the following formula, utmost point number of pole-pairs is necessary for even number before becoming, and can be eliminated that just to make Wehnelt electrode number of pole-pairs K be integer by 2m.

The principle of this rule is similar to the front.When the m of the utmost point was to pole span before odd number Wehnelt electrode pole span equals to become, the modulation situation of each phase also had nothing in common with each other, because the Wehnelt electrode number of poles is an odd number, so in the zone of m to the utmost point before becoming, back, each corresponding groove number presents opposite modulation situation (see figure 9).If also can 2m to utmost point pole span scope before becoming in, each mutually positive and negative groove number is matched under same sex Wehnelt electrode, so because utmost point number of pole-pairs is the 2m multiple before becoming, then each positive and negative groove under same sex Wehnelt electrode number all can both match.Get the (see figure 10) that a phase (C phase) illustrates at 2m arbitrarily in to utmost point polar region before becoming below

Respectively be split into positive and negative two parts after four C phase facies tract modulated wave modulation among Figure 10,, then should set up equation if the positive and negative groove number under the C homogeny Wehnelt electrode is equal:

Under the positively-modulated extremely: E+y=G+J＜1 〉

Under the negatively-modulated extremely: F+X=H+I＜2 〉

Known: E+F=G+H=X+Y=I+J=S

Again because: opposite in the modulation situation of each phase and the T district in Zone R, so have: E=X, F=Y,

G＝I，H＝J。

＜1〉the formula left side=E+y=x+y=S,

＜1〉formula the right=G+J=I+J=S,

Because of the left side=the right,

So＜1〉sets up.

In like manner can demonstrate,prove＜2〉formula establishments.

Illustrated above: 2m to utmost point pole span scope before becoming in, each positive and negative groove number under same sex Wehnelt electrode is equal.Thereby illustrate P to utmost point pole span scope before becoming in, each positive and negative groove number under same sex Wehnelt electrode is equal.This has just met the whole basic demand apart from pole-changing of reverse method.

Illustrated above:, then can obtain whole apart from the pole-changing scheme as Wehnelt electrode number of pole-pairs coincidence formula: K=(2n-1)/(2m) P.At this moment, become before the utmost point and the ratio that becomes the back utmost point into:

(P)/(P′) ＝ (P)/(K±P)

$=\frac{1}{\frac{\mathrm{2n-1}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="2m\; \pm "\; filenames="85103031\_DRIMG1.png,85103031\_DRIMG10.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">2m</figure-callout>}}\pm 1}$

＝ (2m)/(2n-1±2m)

Following formula explanation: (P)/(P ')=(even number)/(odd number).

Above two rules, can realize the whole of all 60 ° of facies tract windings apart from pole-changing.This is because the ratio of the ratio of utmost point number of pole-pairs only has three kinds of situations after becoming preceding utmost point number of pole-pairs and becoming:

＜1〉(odd number)/(odd number)＜2〉(even number)/(odd number)＜3〉(odd number)/(even number)

The＜1 〉,＜2〉kind situations have realized whole apart from pole-changing with above-mentioned two rules, and the＜3〉kind situations, as long as the utmost point before becoming is put mutual Change with becoming utmost point position, back, it is whole apart from the pole-changing scheme just can to use rule 2 to realize.

Sum up top two rule ， And and, change the expression-form of above-mentioned two kinds of rules, can describe like this for easy to use:

Before becoming after utmost point number of pole-pairs and the change ratio of utmost point number of pole-pairs be below form:

(P)/(P ')=(odd number)/(odd number)=(2n-1)/(2m-1)

Make the Wehnelt electrode number of pole-pairs be:

K＝ (2（m-n）)/(2n-1) ·P

Perhaps K=(2(m+n-1))/(2n-1) P

Then can obtain whole apart from the pole-changing scheme.

Before becoming after utmost point number of pole-pairs and the change ratio of utmost point number of pole-pairs be below form:

(P)/(P ')=(even number)/(odd number)=(2m)/(2n-1)

Make the Wehnelt electrode number of pole-pairs meet following formula:

K＝ (2（n-m）-1)/(2m) ·P

Perhaps K=(2(n+m)-1)/(2m) P

Then can obtain whole apart from the pole-changing scheme.

Make whole after modulation scheme, with regard to the arranging elements pitch.The arranging elements pitch is followed following rule: homophase belongs to, with the modulation direction just, and negative groove number is as the positions on two circle limits of element.

In general, whole element pitch apart from pole-changing all is difficult for equal, but in first rule: when n=1, a pole span of the utmost point before K=2(m-1) P, (m-1) of Wehnelt electrode just in time equal to become to pole span.At this moment, the circle limit of all pole spans of being separated by all has identical modulation direction, so these circle limits (pole span of being separated by) can interconnectedly connect, the pitch of element equates.At this moment, winding can be a form of single sheet, also can be double-deck form.

In second rule, when following form appears in the Wehnelt electrode number of pole-pairs:

K=3/2 P or K=(P)/(2m)

The element of winding can become pitch forms such as individual layer, and in second rule, when being the fractional-slot form, the molecule of q is that pitch possibilities such as bilayer also can appear in odd number in addition, or the like.

When adopting the pole-amplitude modulator approach, asymmetry often appears, some Games closes down and can reach symmetry by movable part circle limit (making some circle bark mark counter modulation), but according to putting in order apart from the pole-changing principle, behind the mobile ring limit, each mutually positive and negative circle limit number still should equate, that is to say, the positive and negative circle limit number of movable part equates.

Five. Change phase method is whole apart from the pole-changing rule:

To whole apart from pole-changing in Change phase method, before the change extremely in each element two circle limits should with the time Change phase, perhaps Change phase not, this just requires the Zheng Quan limit number on each group Change Xiang Quan limit to equal negative circle limit number.

When adopting 60 ° of facies tract windings, should meet a following rule:

(P ')/(P)=(2n-1)/(2m-1)=(odd number)/(odd number),

Because in this case, when Hua Fen Change organized mutually, positive and negative circle limit can be returned in couples at one group, and all the other Games just close down relatively difficulty.

This rule principle is:

Before change extremely in, positive facies tract that homophase belongs to and the distance between the negative band correspondence ring limit might be 180 °, 540 ° ... 180 ° * odd number is that 180 ° * J(J is an odd number in a word, is any odd number from 1 to P.）

The utmost point after from the utmost point before becoming to change, the distance on above-mentioned positive and negative correspondence ring limit becomes 180 ° * J * (2n-1)/(2m-1) by 180 ° * J, because P can be eliminated by (2m-1), so J always can find a value to be eliminated by (2m-1), and quotient (J)/(2m-1) must be odd number (odd number removes odd number or odd number).This value is multiplied by (2n-1) more also must be odd number, be that J (2n-1)/(2m-1) is an odd number, and distance equals the positive and negative circle limit of (i.e. 180 ° * odd number) of 180 ° * J * (2n-1)/(2m-1), magnetic potential is synchronous on utmost point phase diagram after the change, when therefore Hua Fen Change organizes mutually, this positive and negative circle limit can not separate, thereby forms the situation that every group of positive and negative circle limit number equates, this just meets the whole requirement apart from pole-changing of Change phase method.

The whole step apart from pole-changing of She Ji Change phase method is:

＜1〉the three-phase phase figure that after change, draws on the utmost point slot-number phase graph and belong to mutually by the utmost point before becoming.

＜2〉on utmost point phase diagram after the change, select the axis of symmetry of three mutual deviations 120 of picture, every phase groove number is divided into three Zus of ， And and positive and negative groove number is equated.

＜3〉nine groups of three-phases are reassembled into three groups of three-phases.

＜4〉the circle limit on each positive and negative groove in dividing into groups mutually number is paired into element.

Cai Yong Change phase method is whole during apart from the pole-changing scheme, and element pitch is generally longer, and when the ratio of the number of pole-pairs of the utmost point had the common factor cancellation after the utmost point and the change before becoming, element pitch was that the 1/t(t of stator diameter span is a common factor); Element pitch is not the stator diameter span when the ratio of number of pole-pairs has common factor.

Establishing meter Change phase method with the symmetry axis collimation method below puts in order apart from variable-pole winding.This routine ultimate ratio is 6/10, and number of stator slots is 36 grooves.Figure 11 is 10 utmost point slot-number phase graphs, as can be seen from the figure: each mutually positive and negative circle bark mark is arranged above and below, be on the same phase place, when being divided into three groups of A, B, C with the three-phase axis of symmetry, positive and negative up and down circle limit can not separate, so be Cheng Dui Di Change phase, these two up and down positive and negative circle limit just just in time be made into an element, Zhe Yang De Change is whole apart from character mutually.Figure 12 is that 6 utmost points belong to and the element pitch arrangement mutually, the form of single sheet of the B phase element pitch of only having drawn among the figure.

Six. whole superiority apart from pole-changing:

＜1〉winding coefficient increases before and after the pole-changing, the motor raising of exerting oneself.

In the conventional method pole-changing, the utmost point all comprises a chording factor with the winding coefficient that becomes back utmost point both sides (or a pair of) before becoming, and winding utilization is lower.Use whole after pole-changing, before becoming the utmost point with become the back utmost point and can yet be regarded as wholely all the time apart from character, the corresponding increase of winding coefficient makes winding utilization improve under the situation that does not increase copper cash, volume, the motor increase of exerting oneself.This is because according to formula:

E ₁＝4.44f ₁W ₁K _w1φ _m

Under the constant prerequisite of magnetic flux, K _W1Raising mean B ₁Raising, thereby make the motor raising of exerting oneself.

＜2〉can realize very far away whole of ultimate ratio, make its raising of exerting oneself apart from pole-changing.

When the conventional method pole-changing, when ultimate ratio was very big, chording factor had weakened winding coefficient greatly, so that motor is exerted oneself is very low.Winding coefficient adopt the whole whole distance that same winding can adapt to two kinds of far number of poles motors of ultimate ratio apart from pole-changing after to require, so can not reduce pole-changing efficient so and improve.

＜3〉can realize multistage wholely, make the multi-change speed raising of exerting oneself apart from pole-changing.

Set out with a certain number of poles, make the whole of several pole-changing ratios, design suitable winding pitch again, make several schemes not lead the connection influence mutually, then just can realize multistage whole hope apart from pole-changing apart from scheme.This scheme is much more superior than conventional scheme beyond doubt.

Seven, 60 ° of facies tract winding pole-amplitude modulation are put in order and are given an example apart from pole-changing:

1. first kind of rule is for example:

Ultimate ratio: 6/30

(1) because of ultimate ratio (P)/(P ')=1/5=(odd number)/(odd number), meet first kind of rule, transfer utmost point number of pole-pairs K=15+3=18, the groove number is got 72 grooves.

(2) modulated process and element pitch.

From Figure 13 as seen, 3 pairs of Wehnelt electrode pole spans just in time equal the preceding utmost point pole span of 1 change, and in 6 pairs of Wehnelt electrode scopes, the circle limit of each mutually positive and negative facies tract can be matched.Such as the A phase: be in anodal modulation No. 1 No. 2 circle limits down and can match with No. 13 No. 14 circle limits respectively; No. 3 No. 4 circle limits that are under the negative pole modulation can be matched with No. 15 No. 16 circle limits respectively.Element pitch is also seen shown in Figure 13.

(3) slot-number phase graph is seen Figure 14.

Because of 6 utmost points are that 60 ° of facies tracts of symmetry are arranged, just do not draw, Figure 14 30 polar circle limit phase place ， Yi Inspection that draw test symmetry and ask for the facies tract breadth coefficient.

(4) winding coefficient

These example 6 utmost point winding coefficients are that 0.96,30 utmost point winding coefficient is 0.766.

2. second kind of rule is for example:

This example is the marine electric machine example, ultimate ratio: 16/4

(1) in order to meet second kind of rule, ultimate ratio adopts 16/4, rather than 4/16, thereby (P)/(P ')=4/1=(even number)/(odd number).Wehnelt electrode number of pole-pairs K=8-2=6.Number of stator slots 72 grooves.

(2) modulated process and element pitch.

As can be seen from Figure 15, become preceding 2 pairs of pole spans of the utmost point (16 utmost point) and just in time equal 3 pole spans of Wehnelt electrode.In 1-18 groove scope, A has negative circle limits, 6 on 3 Zheng Quan limits to be in anodal modulation down mutually, and other has 3 Zheng Quan limits to be in the negative pole modulation down, and does not match on also remaining 3 negative limits of enclosing after 3 Zheng Quan limits under the positive pole modulation and 3 negative circle limits pairings.In 19-36 groove scope, opposite modulation situation appears in A mutually: promptly A has 3 Zheng Quan limits and 6 negative circle limits to be in the negative pole modulation down mutually, 3 Zheng Quan limits are in anodal the modulation down, and does not match on also remaining 3 negative circle limits after match on 3 Zheng Quan limits and 3 negative circle limits under the negative pole modulation.According to the front theory analysis, match surely on the positive and negative circle limit one of these two modulator zones.Here, the former be left 3 negative circle limits just with the modulation of latter's like pole under 3 Zheng Quan limits match; Be left 3 negative circles of latter limits also just with the former same polarity modulation under 3 Zheng Quan limits match.B is like this too mutually with O mutually, has not just analyzed.

Element pitch is seen Figure 16, has selected every attached method that 20 meropodiums are arranged mutually apart from (13 groove) and 4 short pitchs (5 groove) here, also has other connection method certainly.

(3) 4 polar circle bark mark phase diagrams are seen Figure 17.

These example 16 utmost point winding coefficients are that 0.945,4 utmost point winding coefficient is 0.647, the requirement that torque increased when such ratio was suitable for low speed.

3. three grades of pole-changings 8/6/12

(1) ultimate ratio 8/6=4/3=(even number)/(odd number) meets second rule.

Ultimate ratio 8/12=2/3=(even number)/(odd number) also meets second rule.

(2) remove to modulate 8 utmost points with Wehnelt electrode 2 utmost points and must become the back utmost point 6 utmost points:

Modulated process is seen Figure 18, because appearance is asymmetric, it is as follows to revise former 2 utmost points modulation: A No. 3 mutually, and B phase-No. 34 circle limit changes negative pole into by the positive pole modulation and modulates; A No. 39 mutually, B phase-No. 70 circle limit changes anodal modulation into by the negative pole modulation.

(3) remove to modulate 8 utmost points with Wehnelt electrode 4 utmost points and must become the back utmost point 12 utmost points:

Modulated process is seen Figure 18, because asymmetric, it is as follows to revise former 4 utmost points modulation: A No. 1, No. 2, No. 37, No. 38 mutually, and C phase-No. 4 ,-No. 40 the circle limits change the negative pole modulation into by the positive pole modulation; A mutually No. 19, No. 20, No. 55, No. 56 and C phase-No. 22 ,-No. 58 circle limits changes anodal modulation into by the negative pole modulation.

(4) element pitch is determined:

The principle of determining element pitch is: the positive and negative circle limit that homophase belongs to, in the modulation scheme (comprising the modulation of having revised) of 2 utmost points and 4 utmost points, all have identical polarity of modulation, and just can be paired into element.Such as No. 1, No. 2 of the A phase and-No. 28 ,-No. 29 circle limits, all be the positive polarity modulation in 2 utmost point modulation schemes, and all be the negative polarity modulation in 4 utmost point modulation schemes, therefore No. 1 with-No. 28, can be coupled to element with-No. 29 No. 2.

(5) slot-number phase graph:

8 utmost points are the former limit phase diagrams of not drawing a circle of 60 ° of facies tract symmetric windings, and the circle limit phase diagram of 6 utmost points is seen Figure 19, and the circle limit phase diagram of 12 utmost points is seen Figure 20.Through revising, they all are symmetrical.

(6) winding coefficient:

8 utmost points are that 60 ° of facies tracts event winding coefficients are up to 0.96,6 utmost point and 12 utmost points are 180 ° of facies tracts, and winding coefficient all is 0.64.

Claims (3)

1, preorder:

The present invention is the reform that simplex winding reverse method pole-changing and commutation method pole-changing are carried out.Present reverse method pole-changing and commutation method pole-changing are the following features of classifying as:

(1) becomes the factor that the preceding utmost point and change back utmost point both sides or side's winding exist short distance (or long distance).

(2) pitch of the element of winding is the same size specification, and specification more than two kinds can not be arranged.

(3) winding configuration all is double-deck, can not be individual layer.

(4) under the common ultimate ratio, winding pitch seldom is greater than or equal to two times of most utmost point pole spans, (being meant the most multipole for multistage pole-changing) (ultimate ratio should manage to be situated between: become the preceding utmost point and become among the utmost point of back the little ratio of ratio number of poles that number of poles is big)

(5) ultimate ratio is no more than at 2 o'clock, and winding pitch utmost point pole span and becoming between the utmost point pole span of back before becoming is specifically selected and determined by load characteristic: constant output characteristic, element pitch are partial to most utmost point pole spans; Air blast class feature, element pitch are partial to minority utmost point pole span; The permanent commentaries on classics apart from characteristic, element pitch is got suitable value between the most utmost points and the minority utmost point, and both sides' winding coefficient balance is equated.Ultimate ratio surpasses at 2 o'clock, and winding pitch approaches most utmost point pole spans.

(6) influence of mutual weakening magnetic potential is arranged between positive facies tract element and the negative band element.That is to say that lower floor's limit state variation of positive facies tract element (state variation is meant oppositely or commutation changes) is only followed self limit, upper strata variation, and does not follow limit, the upper strata variation of negative band counter element all.Similarly, the element lower floor limit state variation in the negative band is not also followed limit, the upper strata variation of positive facies tract counter element all.

2, feature of the present invention is:

One. utmost point winding and change back utmost point winding both sides embody whole apart from scheme before becoming.

Two. the pitch of the element of winding can have the branch of long and short plurality of specifications, also may have only a kind of specification size.

Three. winding configuration can be a form of single sheet, also can be double-deck form.

Four. for whole distance needs, winding pitch can be greater than or equal to two times of values of most utmost point pole spans, also can be other values.

Five. apart from pole-changing, the principle of winding apolegamy element pitch at first is to meet to put in order apart from the pole-changing requirement, secondly just considers load characteristic as whole.

Six. there is not the influence of weakening mutually between positive zone circle limit and the negative zone circle limit.That is to say, following rule is all followed on two circle limits of all two layer winding elements: lower floor's limit state variation of positive facies tract element (reverse or Change phase), except the limit, upper strata of following self element changes, the limit, upper strata that also must follow counter element in the negative band changes; Lower floor's limit state variation of negative band element, except the limit, upper strata of following self element changes, the limit, upper strata that also must follow counter element in the positive facies tract changes.Concerning single layer winding, then be that the positive circle limit with identical change and negative circle limit (belong to same mutually) are unified into an element.

3, multistage pole-changing can resolve into a plurality of relations that become between the back utmost point and the preceding utmost point of change, and therefore above all inventive features all are suitable for multistage pole-changing.

Dependent claims

In the second feature of the present invention:

For 60 ° of facies tract windings, whole in the pole-changing scheme in pole-amplitude modulation reverse method, pitch element forms such as appearances (being a kind of pitch of specification size) equal to become preceding utmost point pole span etc. the pitch size of pitch element.

Article four, feature of the present invention can be following three kinds of situations:

1. for the whole pole-changing situation that number of poles increases in the pole-changing scheme of pole-amplitude modulation reverse method, if Wehnelt electrode coincidence formula k=2mp, become the odd-multiple that back utmost point number of pole-pairs is a utmost point number of pole-pairs before becoming (this moment, ultimate ratio was certainly greater than 2), though winding configuration and pitch indifferences such as general bilayer, but this moment, the pitch of the element of winding was the pole span that equals the minority utmost point one side, this pitch greater than two times of values of most utmost point pole spans, is distinguished with conventional method to some extent.

2. Dui Yu Change phase process pole-changing, when be number of poles reduce scheme the time:

(P ')/(P)=(tV)/(tU)=(V)/(U) (t is P ', and the greatest common divisor of P, V and U are odd number)

Element pitch (π D)/(2t) (1/t of diameter pitch) is U a times of the preceding utmost point pole span of change:

(π D)/(t)=U (π D)/(P) (D is a diameter of stator bore) is because of U＞V, and U, and V must be an odd number, so U equals 3 at least, thereby the explanation element pitch greater than two times change before the utmost point (most utmost point) pole span, this and conventional method are distinguished to some extent.

3. Dui Yu Change phase process pole-changing, when number of poles is the scheme that increases:

Element pitch is more than or equal to becoming preceding utmost point pole span (minority utmost point pole span):

(π D)/(t) 〉=(π D)/(P), divide two kinds of situation explanations:

＜1〉t＜P, P=Ut, U equal 3 at least, thereby the explanation element pitch greater than two times change before utmost point pole span (the minority utmost point), also inevitable most utmost point pole spans greater than two times, this and conventional method are distinguished to some extent.

＜2〉t=P, (P ')/(P)=(tV)/(P)=(V)/1, because of V must be an odd number, mean that ultimate ratio is more than or equal to 3, utmost point pole span before this moment, element pitch equaled to become, this value must greater than utmost point pole span after two times the change (because of ultimate ratio more than or equal to 3), just element pitch is also distinguished with conventional method to some extent greater than most utmost point pole spans of two times.

， Change phase process pole-changing in a word, element pitch are forever greater than most utmost point pole spans of two times.

Except above-mentioned three kinds of situations, the 4th feature Shi Yong Yu Inspection of the present invention tests other in any case whole apart from pole-changing.Article four, Te Zheng And of the present invention is not subjected to the constraint of above-mentioned three kinds of situations explanation.

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