Background technology
The key component of apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site is the gaseous mixture generating portion, and the preparation of mist (being called for short " distribution ") method is a lot, and that mainly uses has following 5 kinds:
Static volume distribution method: the percentage concentration that refers to certain each component gas of mist that need are joined is converted into the respectively volume of this gas, in full each component gas is injected a mixing container (as leather bag) under normal pressure, is compressed into gas cylinder after calibrating.This method is simple, accurate, but the preparation of inapplicable a large amount of gases;
Weighing distribution method: the concentration conversion that refers to certain each component gas of mist that need are joined becomes the respectively weight of this gas, in full accurately claims to such an extent that respectively fill people's gas cylinder gas weight on precision balance with a gas cylinder.This generally is only limited to little gas cylinder preparation.This method is not acted upon by temperature changes, and joins to such an extent that gas concentration is accurate, often is used to the preparation of " standard gas sample ".But complicated operation; Require very high;
Flow distribution method: refer to each component concentrations of certain mist of joining as required, regulate in the air distributing device the respectively quantitative bore of this gas, the control flow-rate ratio is carried out continuous distribution (claiming " automatic distributing " again).Continuous air distributing device mainly contains the flow-rate ratio regulating system and an oxygen concentration proportion connects regulating system.This method is easy to use, can prepare use continuously, but the mixed gas concentration of preparation has certain error;
Pressure distribution (composition is press-fitted gas again) method: according to dalton's law of partial pressure, the percentage concentration of certain mist that need are joined is converted into the partial pressure value of each component gas, charges into the method for air pressure in full to a gas cylinder by the air gauge of precision.This method is simple and easy to do, and is practical, but is subjected to the influence of factors such as temperature, pressure variation, and the accuracy of its concentration is poor than said method;
Osmosis is a kind of dynamic air-distributing method, utilizes the component gas in the osmos tube to be penetrated in the carrier gas by a suitable permeable membrane, thereby forms gaseous mixture.Can the lower gas of configuration concentration, but the preservation of osmos tube needs lower temperature, in use need carry out constant temperature bath.
Machinery or the instrument of using above method formation also have a variety of, as the gas ratio pump, the distributing instrument that the service property (quality) flow controller is formed, use distributing instrument of high accuracy suspended body flowmeter or the like, if these distributing instruments carry out field calibration to combustible gas probe and toxic gas alarm at present, in use exist a lot of problems, as:
Volume, weight are big, move inconvenience, demarcate for frequent mobile room and place and have any problem;
Price height, general distributing instrument price are all several ten thousand even tens0000, and extravagent price is unfavorable for popularizing and promoting;
Require certain time, as preheating, thermal balance etc.;
The component atmospheric pressure there is requirement;
Power consumption is bigger, generally is Alternating Current Power Supply;
Can not arbitrarily change component gas, changing component gas need calibrate again.
Owing to have above situation, adopt following method to solve the field calibration problem of detector at present:
The method of substitution, to natural gas, liquefied gas, using gases lighter, solid alcohol etc. carry out on-the-spot qualitative demarcation, this kind method can only be qualitative can not be quantitative, and can not actual response detector operation state.With methane is example, the national Specification alarm concentration value is at 500-12500ppm, but the use lighter carries out timing signal, and its gas of emitting is iso-butane, discharge liquid condition from lighter and become gaseous state under the normal pressure, directly enter detector, the gas concentration that gas sensor is experienced may reach hundreds of thousands ppm, far surpasses LEL 50,000 ppm, the detector that under this condition, can report to the police, when real generation is leaked, can not guarantee its effective warning, lead to a disaster.
Standard gas method, it is fixed to return emblem mark, pulls down from the scene that detector is installed, and producer uses standard gas at the scene, demarcates with the mode of calibration cover, and the shortcoming of this method is to cost an arm and a leg, and need carry heavy gas bomb.And can not decide and measurement at the enterprising rower of a plurality of concentration point, be not suitable for a large amount of detector field calibrations.Be example still with methane (natural gas), generally only carry 500ppm with this kind method, the standard gas of two kinds of concentration of 12500ppm judges whether detector does not report to the police at low side when using 500ppm, when 12500ppmm, whether report to the police, but that real alarm point can not be judged is clear;
Again demarcate in the laboratory that the demarcation condition is arranged, this method cost is higher, the time is long, and makes monitored system be in the outer state of monitoring, influences safety.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site, can the on-the-spot distribution of simple and convenient realization, gas alarm to be demarcated, volume is small and exquisite, battery-powered, the high-pressure mini gas cylinder provides component gas, and can adapt to various ingredients gas, cheap.
For achieving the above object, the utility model provides a kind of apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site, comprising:
One gas cylinder stores the high pressure component gas;
One gas pressure maintaining valve links to each other with described gas cylinder by gas transmission line;
One cover body container;
One high-speed quantitative magnetic valve is connected with described component gas pressure maintaining valve by gas transmission line, and transmits described component gas to described cover body container;
One microprocessor system is electrically connected with described high-speed quantitative magnetic valve; And
One supply module is to described microprocessor and high-speed quantitative solenoid valve.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site wherein, also comprises:
An one pressure detecting module and a temperature detecting module are connected with described microprocessor system respectively;
Described pressure detecting module comprises a pressure sensor, is arranged in the gas transmission line between described gas pressure maintaining valve and the high-speed quantitative magnetic valve;
Described temperature detecting module comprises a temperature sensor, is arranged in the gas transmission line between described gas pressure maintaining valve and the high-speed quantitative magnetic valve.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site, wherein, described microprocessor system comprises:
One high-speed quantitative solenoid-driven module is electrically connected with described high-speed quantitative magnetic valve; And
One microprocessor sends high-speed quantitative solenoid control parameter to high-speed quantitative solenoid-driven module;
Described pressure detecting module is connected with described microprocessor A/D switched pins respectively with temperature detecting module.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site, wherein, described microprocessor system also comprises a parameter input module, sends parameter to described microprocessor.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site wherein, also comprises:
One exhaust fan is arranged in the described cover body container, obtains supply of electric power from described supply module;
One exhaust fan driver module is electrically connected described microprocessor and described exhaust fan.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site wherein, also comprises:
One news Chinese percussion instrument module is electrically connected with microprocessor module.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site wherein, also comprises:
One battery voltage detection module is electrically connected described supply module and microprocessor.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site, wherein, described cover body container bottom is provided with a connecting rod.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site, wherein, described connecting rod comprises the head rod and second connecting rod, and an end of described head rod is connected in the bottom of described cover body container, and described second connecting rod stretches and is connected in described head rod.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site, wherein, described supply module is a rechargeable battery set.
Above-mentioned apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site wherein, also comprises a LCD MODULE, links to each other with described microprocessor.
Apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site of the present utility model reduces pressure through pressure-reducing valve by the high pressure component gas that gas cylinder provides, through the gas pressure maintaining valve pressure stability is arrived certain value again, detect gas pressure by pressure sensor again, utilize temperature sensor to detect gas temperature, this parameter is input in the microprocessor by analog-digital converter, according to user's needs concentration, process is calculated time and the number of times that the back quantitative magnetic valve of decision opens and closes, in the component gas injection container with certain volume.Detector is put into gaseous mixture, detects warning and corresponding action that whether gas alarm expects under this specific concentrations, thereby it is carried out the detection of validity.This marking apparatus volume is small and exquisite, battery-powered, the high-pressure mini gas cylinder provides component gas, and can adapt to various ingredients gas, and power consumption is little, cheap.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site 1 of the present utility model comprises main frame 11, gas cylinder 12, cover body system 13.
In the utility model, gas cylinder 12 is an aluminum high-pressure mini gas cylinder, 0.2 liter of volume, the highest withstand voltage 15Mpa, air pressure generally is charged to 10Mpa in the use, add up to about 20 liters of normal pressure volumes of gas, the each demarcation approximately consumes 10ml gas, calculates one bottle of gas with this and approximately can demarcate 2000 above gas alarms.And gas cylinder 12 itself has pressure-reducing valve No. one time, and outlet pressure 0.5Mpa also comprises an air gauge between the 0.8Mpa, indication gas cylinder internal pressure.
In conjunction with illustrated in figures 1 and 2, main frame 11 mainly is made up of control circuit board 110, display screen 111, keyboard 112, various interface 113, gas pressure maintaining valve 114 and battery modules (not shown).Apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site of the present utility model can also comprise a battery charger simultaneously, can charge to the battery modules of apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site.After marking apparatus is full of electricity, can use 48 hours, the marked gas alarm is more than 400 continuously.
Also a fan 115 can be set in main frame 11 simultaneously, be used for the heat radiation of the electronic component of main frame, can disperse the component gas of leakage simultaneously.
Wherein gas pressure maintaining valve 114 links to each other with gas cylinder 12 by pipeline, make gas pressure be stabilized to certain value by gas cylinder 12 inputs, and guarantee that in use the gas pressure of output remains unchanged, and is controlled in the utility model about 30Kpa-50kpa;
Display screen 111 and keyboard 112 are man-machine interfaces that the user understands Instrument working state and control instrument;
Interface 113 comprises: gas feed is the air inlet inlet that connects gas cylinder 12; Gas vent, gas pass through the decompression voltage stabilizing of gas pressure maintaining valve after this mouthful outputs in the gas transmission line of cover body system 13; Electrical interface is a multiplex interface, when connecing the electric connection line of cover body system 13, transmits control signal and gives magnetic valve and fan in the cover body, when connecing charger, the battery of inside is charged;
As shown in Figure 3, cover body system 13 comprises:
Cover body container 131 is used for the confining gas alarm, holds the gas that is used to demarcate simultaneously;
Cover body covers (not shown), has air inlet and give vent to anger to connect mouth, is used for the calibration of marking apparatus, can not carry in actual use;
High-speed quantitative magnetic valve 132 is arranged at cover body container 131, and control enters the volume of the marked gas of cover body container 131;
The exhaust fan (not shown) is arranged at the bottom of cover body container 131, is used to stir the marked gas that enters cover body container 131, and marked gas is mixed;
Control connection line 133 is connected in electrical interface and the high-speed quantitative magnetic valve 132 and the exhaust fan of main frame 11, and transmission is used to control the control signal of high-speed quantitative magnetic valve 132 and exhaust fan;
Gas connection pipe line 134 is connected in the gas vent and the high-speed quantitative magnetic valve of main frame 11, transmits marked gas to the cover body container; And
Connecting rod 135 is connected on the cover body container, and two scalable coupling together of bar are arranged, and has retractility, can regulate according to differing heights.
Control circuit of the present utility model connects block diagram as shown in Figure 4, mainly comprises following main modular:
Microprocessor module: the utility model uses the 8051 kernel enhancement mode single-chip microcomputers of the model of Philips company production as P89LPC935, and it has the additional ram in slice of Flash program storage, 256 byte RAM data storages and 512 bytes of 16kB byte-erasable.User data EEPROM memory block in 512 chunks can be used to deposit the device sequence code and parameter etc. is set.8 A/D converters of 24 tunnel inputs/DAC output.This single-chip microcomputer is the core of apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site of the present utility model, finishes calculating, control and demonstration task.Concrete pin as shown in Figure 5.
Display module: the interface that the user exchanges, be connected with microprocessor, use 128X64 dot pattern display module, pixel 0.28 * 0.35mm, whole demonstration is fine and smooth, and menu and information are used Chinese, can show 4 * 8 of 16 * 16 dot matrix Chinese characters altogether, display control chip DS1250, for EL backlight, can easy manipulation than dark situation.
14 volts of voltages generate and Voltage stabilizing module: the utility model provides 6V voltage to 7V by rechargeable battery set, but the quantitative magnetic valve adhesive of present embodiment and exhaust fan need of work 14V voltage, this just need carry out boosting inverter, the max1771 boosted switch controller chip that the utility model uses MAXIM to produce, switching frequency 300KHz, peripheral cell seldom, can produce 14V voltage, 1A is provided electric current, physical circuit is shown in Fig. 6 a, simultaneously in order to prolong the service time of battery, 12 volts of voltage generates and Voltage stabilizing module is only just worked when quantitatively magnetic valve adhesive and exhaust fan rotate, other times make it be in resting state by microprocessor module, and consumed power seldom.The utility model uses five joint NiH rechargeable batteries, every batteries capacity 4Ah, about 100mA electric current during work.The battery output current reaches 1A during magnetic valve work, but each measurement of duration is no more than 1 second;
5V voltage generates and Voltage stabilizing module: in the present embodiment, intrasystem most of device all needs to be operated in 5V, and the voltage of rechargeable battery set is along with changing service time, change between the 6.8V about 5.5V greatly, therefore the utility model uses the linear voltage stabilization integrated circuit of the low pressure reduction of LM2940 that voltage is stabilized in 5.0V, circuit structure is shown in Fig. 6 b, and the electric capacity in the circuit plays burning voltage and moves back the lotus root effect;
News Chinese percussion instrument module: use 5V to yowl, by microprocessor module control, the prompting that is used to sound, as button prompting, electric weight is not enough points out, point out in the distribution etc., its physical circuit is shown in Fig. 6 c.
The exhaust fan driver module: exhaust fan uses 14V direct current supply, and axial flow blower is controlled its switch by microprocessor module, opens 12 seconds during each distribution, and component gas and air are mixed, and its physical circuit is shown in Fig. 6 d.
Quantitative solenoid-driven module: quantitatively the drive circuit of magnetic valve requires drive current big, and response speed is fast, and the operating current of magnetic valve needs 0.5A approximately, and it is big that the rising edge of electric current and the trailing edge gradient are wanted, and opens and closes rapidly with the assurance magnetic valve.Quantitatively the switching of magnetic valve is controlled by microprocessor module, and quantitatively solenoid-driven module physical circuit is shown in Fig. 6 e.
Battery voltage detection module: shown in Fig. 6 f, cell voltage is through the negative terminal of dividing potential drop input comparator, 2.5V reference voltage source input comparator anode, when cell voltage is lower than 5.3V, the comparator output low level, this voltage signal input microprocessor module, and by news Chinese percussion instrument module prompting user battery electric quantity deficiency.
Temperature detecting module: the viscosity of gas is subjected to gas temperature and pressure influence, therefore needs to measure the temperature of using gases.Temperature sensor uses the thermistor (NTC) of negative temperature coefficient, as temperature-sensing element (device), thermistor is placed in the pipeline that gas flows through, and detects gas temperature in real time.Thermistor is selected 25 ℃/100k for use, is its resistance 100k at temperature 25 degree, 0 294.2k when spending, and 40 56k when spending, highly sensitive, output signal can be without the A/D switched pins of amplifying direct input microprocessor module, and physical circuit is shown in Fig. 6 g.
The pressure detecting module: the gas that discharges from gas cylinder through the gas pressure maintaining valve after, pressure stability is at certain value, in order to prevent the pressure maintaining valve pressure oscillation, the working pressure sensor carries out pressure detecting.The 24 serial pressure sensors that pressure sensor selects for use honeywell company to produce, concrete model is 24PCB, pressure limit 0-5psi, gauge pressure.The input of 10V voltage, output is electric bridge difference 0-50mv, and this voltage amplifies 50 times through instrument amplifier AD623, and the A/D switched pins of input microprocessor module is carried out analog-to-digital conversion, and physical circuit is shown in Fig. 6 h;
Keyboard, the interface of the keyboard person of being to use operating instrument has four buttons and is respectively: mode key, measure key, compensation key, aligning key, send instruction to microprocessor module.
The critical component of apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site of the present utility model is the high-speed quantitative magnetic valve, in most preferred embodiment, select the 34B-ABA-GDNA-1BA type magnetic valve of U.S. MAC company for use, it is fast that this magnetic valve opens and closes reaction speed, the time of the magnetic valve of at every turn opening is certain, time set utilizes the number of times of opening magnetic valve to control the volume of the component gases of discharge at 10ms.
Suppose the cover body volume V, each magnetic valve is opened the gas volume β (to call valve parameter in the following text) of discharge, needs the mixture strength P of configuration, and magnetic valve opens and closes times N, then:
P=(N*β)/(V+N*β)
When N* β<<during V, following formula can be write as:
P=N*β/V
According to detecting the required gas concentration P of gas detector, can calculate magnetic valve action frequency N, be shown below:
N=(P*V)/β
Valve parameter β is not a fixed value, and it changes along with the variation of temperature and pressure, and under the constant situation of time aperture, valve parameter is the function of temperature and pressure.
At first, be the relation that example is determined gas pressure and valve parameter with methane, at normal temperature 25 degree,, carry out least square method then and return, the quadratic polynomial function that to draw a pressure K be variable by measuring the valve parameter of gas with various pressure:
β
1=aK
2+bK+c
a=-0.3574
b=85.5330
c=983.9044
For remaining gas hydrogen, propane, carbon monoxide, do identical demarcation respectively, draw a each other respectively, b, c coefficient.
And then the relation of definite temperature and β, under the situation of gas pressure K=30Kpa,, measure the valve parameter under the different temperatures by changing temperature gradually, draw the proportional relation of temperature T and β:
β=β
1×(1+(T-10)×0.072)×α;
Wherein T is degree centigrade, and 10 ℃ of temperature correction scopes--40 ℃, α is a gas factor, and in order to other deviations that compensation occurs, scope is 0.8-1.2.
10 ℃ of temperature--in 40 ℃ of scopes, the temperature-compensating of all gases can be thought identical, all uses following formula.
Valve parameter is in case determine that open magnetic valve, if the time is certain, then the gas volume of Pai Chuing is only relevant with temperature, gas pressure and gaseous species at every turn.When gaseous species is determined, by pressure maintaining valve, gas pressure is kept certain, utilize the temperature sensor measurement gas temperature that valve parameter is necessarily compensated, can realize the distribution concentration uniformity under the different temperatures.
Apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site of the present utility model in use, press and measure key selection gaseous species, after mode key selection marked gas concentration, the high pressure component gas that gas cylinder provides is after the pressure-reducing valve decompression of gas cylinder self, through the gas pressure maintaining valve pressure stability is arrived certain value again, detect gas pressure by pressure sensor, utilize temperature sensor to detect gas temperature, the temperature and pressure parameter is input in the microprocessor module by analog-digital converter, mixture strength according to user's needs, through calculating time and the number of times that the back quantitative magnetic valve of decision opens and closes, the last quantitative magnetic valve of microprocessor module, the component gas of certain volume is injected in the container, stir through fan, form certain density gaseous mixture, detector is put into gaseous mixture, detect warning and corresponding action that whether gas alarm expects under this specific concentrations, thereby it is carried out the detection of validity.
When measuring, selected gas mode is improper, be that the blending ingredients gas concentration is improper, can not make detector produce the action of expection, then press the compensation key, at this moment sampling valve starts once more, in cover body, append the gas that injects selected concentration pattern 1/10, make the gas concentration in the cover body raise 1/10, and start exhaust fan 4 seconds, fully mist.
Various parameters all are kept among the EEPROM, when apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site starts, can read the value and the assignment of each parameter and carry out corresponding calculated to variable from EEPROM.
Yet apparatus for calibrating gas detector in site of the present utility model in use for some time, in order to keep its distribution precision, need calibrate it, and calibration needs the infrared gas analyser of heap component air-sensitive sense, and Calibration Method specifically comprises the steps:
Step 1 connects distribution cover and the lid of giving as an addition, and the air inlet on the lid is given vent to anger by the air inlet of tracheae and infrared gas analysis with the gas outlet to link to each other;
Step 2 is opened infrared spectrum analyser power supply and air pump switch, makes gas and infrared spectrum analyser in the cover body form circulation, treats instrument stabilizer through after a while, regulates instrument zero;
Step 3, the beginning distribution, measurement key by marking apparatus begins distribution, make and form certain density mist in the cover body, treat that gas mixes in cover body after, read in the gas concentration value that infrared analyzer shows, the concentration value of setting with marking apparatus compares, if the concentration value that infrared analyzer shows greater than the concentration value of setting, reduces the factor alpha of corresponding gas in marking apparatus calibration menu, reducing of coefficient, can increase coefficient by " compensation key ", " mode key " reduces, on the contrary button enhancement coefficient then, can be adapted to optimum value several times repeatedly, promptly finish the correction of instrument;
Step 4 after each distribution is finished, is read in the concentration value of infrared analyzer, if distribution again then needs the cover body lid is opened, the gaseous mixture in the container is emitted, up to infrared analyzer till the zero point.
Certainly; the utility model also can have other various embodiments; under the situation that does not deviate from the utility model spirit and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the utility model, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection domain of the appended claim of the utility model.