CN2891309Y - Modular combined type fuel cell power generation device that can operate under normal pressure - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a fuel battery electricity generating system of combination mode and standard atmosphere operation. The system comprises at least two sets of modularized fuel battery piles which are connected in serial or in parallel. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of the compact construction, low noise, and high power or the like.

Description

Module combined type normal pressure operation fuel cell power generation device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a fuel cell especially relates to a module combination formula normal pressure operation fuel cell power generation facility.

Background

An electrochemical fuel cell is a device capable of converting hydrogen and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.

At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.

In a pem fuel cellusing hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.

In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:

and (3) anode reaction:

and (3) cathode reaction:

in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The flow guide polar plates can be polar plates made of metal materials and polar plates made of graphite materials. The fluid pore channels and the diversion trenches on the diversion polar plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is present, and a guide plate of anode fuel and a guide plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The guide plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the guide grooves on the guide plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.

In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.

A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of cooling fluid (such as water) and the flow guide channel uniformly distribute the cooling fluid into the cooling channels in each battery pack, and the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.

In the prior patent of Shanghai Shenli technology Co., Ltd, based on the 'energy-saving fuel cell' (patent No. 02279853.6), an improved patent application 'an energy-saving fuel cell stack with an air supply device' (patent application No. 200520044822.6), the technical method for supplying air to the fuel cell stack is shown in fig. 1, an air collecting cover 5 is adopted to cover the end face of an air guide groove of the whole fuel cell stack integrated by a middle supply hydrogen clamping plate, a hole is formed in the middle of the collecting cover 5, and the hole 4 is connected with an air suction port 3 of a small fan. When the fan works, negative pressure is generated due to the action of the air collecting cover 5, so that air at the air guide plate on the other side of the stack is sucked. And a layer of filter screen 6 is laid on the other side of the pile to prevent dust and impurities from entering the pile. Hydrogen is then fed in from 1 and discharged from 2. The power of the fuel cell power generation system in the patent is about 100-300W. If the single cells are added on a large scale to meet the requirement of increasing power on the fuel cell power generation system, a series of influences such as overlarge number of the single cells of the fuel cell, overlong fuel cell stacks, overlarge stack volumes, difficult assembly and the like are caused. Not only does this require a fan that is large enough to operate with atmospheric air suction to be used, since the fan is to provide all of the cell air flow. However, the large enough fan will cause the large volume, the large noise, the large cost, the difficult manufacture of the super large fan and other bad effects.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a modular combined type normal pressure operation fuel cell power generation device with compact structure, low noise and large power for overcoming the defects of the prior art

The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme: the modular combined fuel cell power generation device with normal pressure operation is characterized in that the device is formed by combining at least two sets of modular fuel cell stacks in series or in parallel.

The device is formed by combining 2-20 sets of modularized fuel cell stacks in series or in parallel.

The modularized fuel cell stack comprises a membrane electrode, a flow guide polar plate, a flow collection mother plate, a front end plate, a rear end plate, a fastening pull rod and an air supply device, wherein the air supply device comprises a fan and an air flow collection cover, the air flow collection cover is arranged on the outer side of the end face formed by all air flow guide grooves on one side of the fuel cell stack in an assembled mode, an opening is formed in the middle of the air flow collection cover, and the opening is connected with an air suction opening of the fan.

And an air filter screen is laid on the end surface formed by all the air guide grooves on the other side of the modular fuel cell stack.

The flow guide polar plate comprises an air flow guide polar plate and a hydrogen flow guide polar plate, wherein the air flow guide polar plate is provided with a plurality of air flow guide grooves, the air flow guide grooves directly penetrate from one side of the air flow guide plate to the other side, a plurality of air flow guide plates, a membrane electrode and the hydrogen flow guide plate are overlapped, one sideof the whole modularized fuel cell stack forms an air inlet, and the other side of the whole modularized fuel cell stack forms an air outlet.

The modularized fuel cell stack is also provided with a hydrogen supply clamping plate, the hydrogen supply clamping plate is provided with a hydrogen inlet guide hole and a hydrogen outlet guide hole, the hydrogen guide hole corresponds to the hydrogen guide hole on the guide polar plate, the side surface of the hydrogen supply clamping plate is provided with a hydrogen inlet flow channel and a hydrogen outlet flow channel, the hydrogen inlet flow channel and the hydrogen inlet flow channel are communicated with the hydrogen outlet flow hole, and the hydrogen supply clamping plate is arranged in the middle of the cell stack.

The modular fuel cell stack is composed of 40-100 groups of single cells.

The utility model discloses a fuel cell power generation facility maturation technology of current 100 ~ 200W single module ordinary pressure air suction-type air self-cooling is the basis, with 2 ~ 20 such ripe modular fuel cell power generation facility integration combinations of cover, every modular ordinary pressure air suction-type air self-cooling fuel cell power generation facility all takes a little fan certainly. The requirements of users can be met by combining, series connection or parallel connection according to the requirements of the users on voltage and current.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that: the number of the fuel cell single cells of each modularized normal-pressure air suction type air self-cooling fuel cell power generation device is moderate, about 40-100 single cells are formed, and the assembly is easy. The volume, noise and weight of the air supply and the heat dissipation fan are reduced. After the technical combination and integration of the normal-pressureair suction type air self-cooling fuel cell power generation device, the power of the power generation system can be increased by 2-20 times. The current and the voltage can also be connected in series or in parallel to meet the requirements of customers.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a prior art modular fuel cell stack;

FIG. 2 is a schematic of a back side configuration of a prior art modular fuel cell stack;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 3, the modular combined type normal-pressure operation fuel cell power generation device is formed by combining two sets of modular fuel cell stacks in series or in parallel. The weight of the power generation device is about 8-12 Kg, the volume is about 275mm multiplied by 154mm multiplied by 284mm, the power is 200-600W, the power generation device can output voltage of 80-160V when connected in series, and can output voltage of about 40-80V when connected in parallel.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 4, a modular combined type normal pressure operation fuel cell power plant is composed of four sets of modular fuelcell stacks which are connected in series or in parallel. The power generation device has the weight of 16-24 Kg, the volume of 470mm multiplied by 154mm multiplied by 284mm, the power of 400-1200W, the serial connection can output 160-320V voltage, and the parallel connection can output about 80-160V voltage.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 5, a modular combined type normal pressure operation fuel cell power plant is composed of eight sets of modular fuel cell stacks which are connected in series or in parallel. The weight of the power generation device is about 32-48 Kg, the volume is about 470mm multiplied by 360mm multiplied by 284mm, the power is 800-2400W, the power generation device can output 320-640V voltage when being connected in series, and can output about 160-320V voltage when being connected in parallel.

Claims (7)

1. The modular combined fuel cell power generation device with normal pressure operation is characterized in that the device is formed by combining at least two sets of modular fuel cell stacks in series or in parallel.

2. The modular combined atmospheric-operation fuel cell power plant of claim 1, characterized in that the plant is composed of 2-20 sets of modular fuel cell stacks in series or in parallel.

3. The modular combined type normal-pressure operation fuel cell power generation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the modular fuel cell stack comprises a membrane electrode, a flow guide polar plate, a flow collecting mother plate, a front end plate, a rear end plate, a fastening pull rod and an air supply device, wherein the air supply device comprises a fan and an air flow collecting cover, the air flow collecting cover is arranged outside the end surface formed by all the air flow guide grooves on one side of the fuel cell stack, and an opening is arranged in the middle of the air flow collecting cover and connected with an air suction port of the fan.

4. The modular combined atmospheric-pressure-operated fuel cell power plant of claim 3, wherein an air filter is laid on the end face of the other side of the modular fuel cell stack where all air channels are integrated.

5. The modular combined normal pressure operation fuel cell power plant of claim 3, wherein the flow guide polar plate comprises an air flow guide polar plate and a hydrogen flow guide polar plate, wherein the air flow guide polar plate is provided with a plurality of air flow guide grooves which directly penetrate from one side of the air flow guide plate to the other side, a plurality of air flow guide plates, a membrane electrode and the hydrogen flow guide plate are overlapped, one side of the whole modular fuel cell stack forms an air inlet, and the other side forms an air outlet.

6. The modular combined type normal-pressure operation fuel cell power generation device according to claim 3, wherein the modular fuel cell stack is further provided with a hydrogen supply clamping plate, the hydrogen supply clamping plate is provided with hydrogen inlet and outlet flow guide holes, the flow guide holes correspond to the hydrogen guide holes on the flow guide polar plate, the side surface of the hydrogen supply clamping plate is provided with a hydrogen inlet flow channel and a hydrogen outlet flow channel, the hydrogen inlet flow channel and the hydrogen outlet flow channel are communicated with the hydrogen inlet flow hole and the hydrogen outlet flow hole, and the hydrogen supply clamping plate is arranged in the middle of the cell stack.

7. The modular combined type normal-pressure operation fuel cell power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the modular fuel cell stack is composed of 40-100 groups of single cells.

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