CN2828975Y

CN2828975Y - Dynamic demonstrater for protein biosythesis

Info

Publication number: CN2828975Y
Application number: CN 200520051376
Authority: CN
Inventors: 夏晓凯; 魏高文
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-07-14
Filing date: 2005-07-14
Publication date: 2006-10-18
Anticipated expiration: 2015-07-14

Abstract

The utility model relates to a dynamic demonstrator for protein biosynthesis, which is composed of a face plate marked with mRNA, a magnetic conductivity lining board group, a small subunit mould plate representing rRNA, a large subunit mould plate representing rRNA, a tRNA anticodon loop mould plate representing clover-type structure, amino acid mould plates representing various amino acids, and termination codon mould plates representing termination codon, wherein a composite plate is composed of the face plate which is a long chain identifier marked with mRNA, and the lining board made of the magnetic conductibility material; the composite plate and a parallel bottom plate matched with the composite plate constitute a bar shape demonstrative main plate having a hollow slide track. The small subunit mould plate is clamped on the upper part of the bar shape demonstrative main plate, and the back face of the small subunit mould plate is provided with a magnetic connecting component. The large subunit mould plate passes through the hollow slide track and the face of the large subunit mould plate is provided with a magnetic connecting component likewise; consequently, by the magnetic connecting components, the small subunit mould plate and the large subunit mould plate constitute a composite mould plate which can respectively represent the small subunit mould plate and the large subunit mould plate and move in the hollow slide track; the large subunit mould plate is provided with a hanging and connecting component. The anticodon loop mould plate is provided with a magnetic connecting component; each amino acid mould plate and each termination codon mould plate are provided with hanging and connecting components.

Description

A kind of protein biosynthesizing dynamic demonstrator

Technical field

The utility model is established and a kind of protein biosynthesizing dynamic demonstrator, belongs to the instruments used for education class.

Background technology

Biogenetics " central dogma " mainly comprises duplicating of DNA, and RNA transcribes three partial contents such as biosynthesizing with protein.The transmission of hereditary information is to be delivered to RNA from DNA, and particularly in fact one group of group password of three mononucleotide representatives on the mRNA long-chain has expressed from the hereditary information on the dna molecular.Why the protein biosynthesizing is referred to as " translation ", be because three mononucleotide passwords on the mRNA long-chain have been represented 20 used seed amino acids of synthetic protein, and start information such as the factor, termination factor, so claim that the mRNA long-chain is the biosynthetic direct template of protein.TRNA is the instrument that rotates activated amino acid, and the password on anticodon loop on its molecule and the mRNA long-chain matches with base pairing rules, the amino acid of representative on the mRNA long-chain can be settled on its position timely and accurately.RRNA then is the biosynthetic assembly machine of protein, and the small subunit of the 30s that it and structural proteins are formed and the big subunit of 50s directly provide the place for the biosynthesizing of protein.Contain to position (P position) on the small subunit and be subjected to position (an A position), and be subjected to the position except that having on the big subunit, also contain one and go out position (an E position) to the position.Transpeptidase on the big subunit; can be subjected on the last new amino acid molecular being transferred to the acyltransferase polypeptide on the position; go up entering of new activated amino acid along with being subjected to the position; the small subunit conformation changes; make the tRNA that shifts out amino acid residue that is positioned on the position be easy to leave big subunit; on this basis, big small subunit moves a password position towards 3 ' direction on the mRNA chain, with the process of finishing carry, changeing peptide and displacement.Through this process, can increase an amino acid residue on the new synthetic peptide chain, thereby constantly finish the effectively synthetic of bioprotein molecule.

Protein synthesis in the biological heredity " central tenet ", though in published specialized textbooks at different levels, all kinds of, all use bigger length to give sufficient elaboration, but often do not bump in daily life, understand easily because biological many notions are not ordinary persons, a lot of things and progression are cannot see.It is the difficult point of student's study, also is the big difficult point of one in the teachers ' teaching.The teaching courseware of at present relevant biological heredity central dogma, not only scattered but also do not become system, flash and mistake, the student does not understand that operation of teacher gets up also to feel difficulty, though utilization along with computer technology, can be by this complex process of the analog demenstration on the computing machine, but because the equipment that needs is many, the cost height, no matter be safeguard or all sense difficulties of maintenance, not all school can achieve one's goal in a short time and realize.

Therefore, provide a kind of directly perceived light and handy, can be with the dynamic Teaching instrument of the process handled easily of giving lessons.Finish easily in this biochemistry teaching of protein synthesis be emphasis be again the task of giving lessons of difficult point content, be religion and learned something that two aspects are all expected.

The utility model content

The purpose of the present utility model: be intended to be the biosynthetic teaching of protein involved in the biological Rule of Heredity Center, desirable teaching aid directly perceived, dynamic, clear, that understand is provided.Faster for the student, understand this rule better and create bar.

A kind of protein biosynthesizing dynamic demonstrator is characterized in that: it is by indicating mRNA long-chain identifier panel 1, being that the amino acid template 10 of tRNA anticodon loop template 9, the expression several amino acids of Dare's basic mode plate 8 of small subunit template 6, the big subunit of expression rRNA of the composite plate formed of liner plate 2, expression rRNA small subunit and expression trifolium-shaped structure stops close panel with expression, is that composite plate that liner plate 2 is formed is formed with the bar shaped that has hollow slideway 4 by a parallel base plate 3 that cooperates with it and demonstrated mainboard 5 with the magnetic conductive material with the magnetic conductive material; Small subunit template 6 in top holding at described this bar shaped demonstration mainboard 5, the back side of this small subunit template 6 is being provided with magnetic coupling 7, by this magnetic coupling 7 be through in the hollow slideway 4 and the plate face is provided with Dare's basic mode plate 8 of magnetic coupling equally, form small subunit template 6 and the Dare's basic mode plate 8 that both can represent a rRNA small subunit, a big subunit of rRNA respectively thus, the gang form that can move in hollow slideway 4 is provided with hanging part 11 on Dare's basic mode plate 8 of this gang form bottom again; The back side of described anticodon loop template 9 is provided with magnetic coupling 7, is equipped with hanging part 11 on described each amino acid template 10 and the termination codon template 12.

This protein biosynthesizing dynamic demonstrator according to above technical scheme design, not only cost of manufacture is cheap, easy to use, be easy to carry, and be the biosynthetic teaching of " central dogma " interior protein involved in the biological heredity teaching, desirable teaching aid directly perceived, dynamic, clear, that understand is provided.Be suitable for farming, woods, cure, herd, the needs of beast, aquatic products, light industry, pedagogical institution of higher learning and all kinds of high, technical secondary school's " biology ", " biological chemistry ", " biogenetics ", " photobiochemistry ", " animal biochemistry " teaching, be applicable to also that simultaneously higher level's management over family planning department goes down to the grass-roots units, make the needs that propaganda is popularized in aristogenesis, good child-rearing for the family planning work personnel of rural area industrial and mineral basic unit.

Description of drawings

1 the utility model agent structure of accompanying drawing synoptic diagram;

Accompanying drawing 2 is the small subunit template structural representation;

Accompanying drawing 3 is Dare's basic mode plate structure synoptic diagram;

Accompanying drawing 4 is an anticodon loop template synoptic diagram;

Accompanying drawing 5 is for starting factor modulus plate structure synoptic diagram;

Accompanying drawing 6-8 is the starting state synoptic diagram of protein synthesis;

Accompanying drawing 9-11 is the prolongation view of protein synthesis;

Accompanying drawing 12-13 is the final state synoptic diagram of protein synthesis.

Among the figure 1, long-chain identifier panel 2, liner plate 3, parallel base plate 4, hollow slideway 5, demonstration mainboard 6, small subunit template 7, magnetic coupling 8, Dare's basic mode plate 9, anticodon loop template 10, amino acid template 11, hanging part 12, termination codon template

Embodiment

Design is further described to the utility model below in conjunction with accompanying drawing,

Fig. 1 is the utility model agent structure synoptic diagram, and it is that composite plate, the small subunit template 6 of expression rRNA small subunit, Dare's basic mode plate 8 of the big subunit of expression rRNA and the termination codon template 12 of the tRNA anticodon loop template 9 of expression trifolium-shaped structure, the amino acid template 10 of representing several amino acids and expression termination codon that liner plate 2 is formed formed for panel, with the magnetic conductive material by indicating mRNA long-chain identifier 1; Its concrete structure is: the described mRNA of indicating long-chain identifier 1 is that the composite plate that liner plate 2 is formed is formed to have the bar shaped demonstration mainboard 5 of hollow slideway 4 by a parallel base plate 3 that cooperates with it for panel, with the magnetic conductive material; Small subunit template 6 in top holding at described this bar shaped demonstration mainboard 5, the back side of this small subunit template 6 is being provided with magnetic coupling 7, by this magnetic coupling 7 be through in the hollow slideway 4 and the plate face is provided with Dare's basic mode plate 8 of magnetic coupling equally, form small subunit template 6 and the Dare's basic mode plate 8 that both can represent a rRNA small subunit, a big subunit of rRNA respectively thus, the gang form that can move at hollow slideway 4 is provided with hanging part 11 on Dare's basic mode plate 8 of this gang form bottom again; The back side of described anticodon loop template 9 is provided with magnetic coupling 7, is equipped with hanging part 11 on described each amino acid template 10 and the termination codon template 12.

During actual fabrication, based on the direct template strand of the mRNA of a surface plate.Be a block length 120cm, the three-ply board of wide 90cm adds the thick blank sheet of paper of bag and makes base plate.On the top of base plate, be equal to length with what Luo silk nail was fixed two stacks with base plate, the iron plate of wide 4.5cm is used above it and is write green material PVC plate by air brushing, and the mRNA triplet code is printed thereon.Its triplet code of mode chart from 5 ' → 3 ' direction on this demonstrator is that " AUGGCUGAAGGCAGACAU ... UCUCCUUGA " represents respectively: methionine, alanine, glutamic acid, glycocoll, arginine, histidine in proper order ... serine, proline and termination codon.

Fig. 6-Figure 10 is user mode figure, and wherein Fig. 6-8 is the starting state figure of protein synthesis.It is the unloading phase model of prokaryotes protein synthesis.Red half elliptic small subunit, three groups of passwords of embedding therebetween.AUG in the middle of it belongs to the starting password, represents methionine (methionine) again.Therefore the anticodon loop that can see the tRNA of similar trifolium-shaped structure on the drawing is the modes and patterns that has enlarged ratio, and according to base pairing rules, the anticode CAU that reads from 5 ' → 3 ' direction is just in time relative with AUG on the mRNA chain of reading from 5 ' → 3 ' direction.The A position is occupied by IF-1 this moment, and do not combine with any aminoacyl-tRNA this moment.The small subunit that combines mRNA, methinyl-tRNA combines with the big subunit of ribosome, and the GTP hydrolysis of IF-2 combination simultaneously releases energy, and 3 kinds of IF are discharged, and forms the translation initiation complex of being made up of complete ribosome, mRNA, initial aminoacyl-tRNA.Therefore represent from picture, carry methinyl-tRNA and the methionine of activation is transported to mRNA chain AUG starts on the password, this be protein synthesis the unloading phase.

Fig. 9-Figure 11 is the prolongation constitutional diagram of protein synthesis.It is the stretch-out phase model of prokaryotes protein synthesis.At this moment the big subunit of rRNA combines with small subunit, has to position (P position) on the big subunit, is subjected to position (A position) and one to go out (an E position).After the IF-1 that has occupied the A position originally (starting the factor-1) left, A position sky stayed, and next the group triplet code GCU on the corresponding mRNA chain behind the AUG represents alanine, so alanyl-tRNA promptly enters the A position.Fig. 9 represents through the sight after carry, one-tenth peptide and the displacement.At this moment, next group password of mRNA chain is GAA, represents that promptly glutamy-tRNA is about to enter the A position, and at this moment, periodically-varied is taking place the conception of ribosome space, and the tRNA of unloading is about to come off from the E position.Figure 10 represents the transpeptidase on the big subunit, the methinyl alanyl is transferred to form peptide bond on the a-amino of the glutamic acid that newly enters the A position and connect.Figure 11 represents that large and small subunit moves one group of password to mRNA chain 3 ' direction.P position originally is transformed into the E position, and A position originally is promoted as the P position.The password GGC of new A position represents glycocoll, and then glycyl-tRNA will enter new A position, repeats once the process of " carry, one-tenth peptide, displacement "." carry, one-tenth peptide, displacement " whenever carried out once in expression thus, and new synthetic polypeptied chain can increase an amino acid residue.

The final state figure of Figure 12-13 expression protein synthesis; The plantation stage of its expression protein synthesis.When big small subunit moves forward to when termination codon UGA occurring on the mRNA chain, termination factor RF enters the A position.It induces transpeptidase to change into the activity of esterase, and peptide chain is discharged from ribosome.In order to represent polyribosome circulation, the model the unloading phase of the appearance again on the reference position mRNA of this figure.

Fig. 2-3 is a big or small subunit structure material part drawing in the protein synthesis.Size subunit structure material part drawing when being protein synthesis of the present invention.Can see the long 20cm of small subunit, semi-circular, the long 18.5cm of interior rectangular strip of basal part, wide 2.5cm can hold three groups of passwords on the mRNA chain.Small subunit is made with four layers of double-colored plate of gummed, and panel is printed on " P " and " A " position letter and 30s mark.The annular of the middle two-layer 1.7cm of the being embedded with diameter web member 7 that is magnetic so that be shown in slide on the mRNA chain and the unloading phase " IF-1 " and " IF-3 " bonding at the small subunit opposite position.Big subunit is that the double-colored plate of two-layer gummed is made, and panel is printed on " E ", " P " and " A " three positions, and the 50s mark.

Fig. 4 is that the tRNA structured material is made part drawing in the protein synthesis.TRNA is the trifolium-shaped tactic pattern figure of an exaggeration, makes of the double-colored plate of two-layer yellow panel, and two-layer panel is arranged a little iron hoop down, so that the little cleek of its entrained aminoacyl connects.On the anticodon loop on its top by with the anticode of forming by three mononucleotides of mRNA password pairing.The anticode CAU that reads from 5 ' → 3 ' direction is the tRNA that carries activation methinyl base, and it is the annular porose magnet of 1.7cm that there are three diameters at its back side, prepares for being stained with mRNA password chain and IF-2.All only there are two porose magnet of annular at other the tRNA back side, because of other tRNA does not need sticking IF-2.This cover Teaching instrument mRNA password chain has only arranged to comprise 9 groups of passwords (having used suspension points to represent to also have many amino acid residues) of startup and termination codon therebetween, so made 8 clover leaf tRNAs with double-colored plate, the RF factor is represented with respective graphical in addition.

10 is expression activated amino acid masterplate in the protein synthesis among the figure.It is the yellow double-colored plate of 4.1cm that amino acid has been used diameter, and the two-sided single Chinese character that all is printed on the represented amino acid residue as " egg " " third " " paddy " etc., is represented methionine residue, alanine residue and glutaminic acid residue etc. respectively.File groove in the middle of double-deck double-colored plate, the phase embedding is with cord, and the top connects little hook, and in order to hook the amino acid arm of tRNA, coiled ringlet in below is so that the little hook of the amino acid residue of below connects.

The structural drawing that the expression activated amino acid is carried by tRNA in the protein synthesis.The double-colored plate of yellow panel of expression activated amino acid is the same with the structured material of tRNA.Here represent that the little cleek in top of activated amino acid has just in time hooked the little iron hoop of tRNA3 end (being the anticodon loop opposite), signal aminoacyl-tRNA.

Claims

1, a kind of protein biosynthesizing dynamic demonstrator is characterized in that: it is by indicating mRNA long-chain identifier panel (1), being that composite plate, the small subunit template (6) of expression rRNA small subunit, Dare's basic mode plate (8) of the big subunit of expression rRNA and the termination codon template (12) of the tRNA anticodon loop template (9) of expression trifolium-shaped structure, the amino acid template (10) of representing several amino acids and expression termination codon that liner plate (2) is formed formed with the magnetic conductive material; Its concrete structure is: the described mRNA of indicating long-chain identifier (1) is panel, is that the composite plate that liner plate (2) is formed is formed to have the bar shaped demonstration mainboard (5) of hollow slideway (4) by a parallel base plate (3) that cooperates with it with the magnetic conductive material; Small subunit template (6) in top holding at described this bar shaped demonstration mainboard (5), the back side of this small subunit template (6) is being provided with magnetic coupling (7), by this magnetic coupling (7) be through in the hollow slideway (4), and the plate face is provided with Dare's basic mode plate (8) of magnetic coupling equally, form thus and both can represent a rRNA small subunit respectively, the small subunit template of a big subunit of rRNA (6) and Dare's basic mode plate (8), the gang form that again can hollow at slideway (4) moves is provided with hanging part (11) on Dare's basic mode plate (8) of this gang form bottom; The back side of described anticodon loop template (9) is provided with magnetic coupling (7), is equipped with hanging part (11) on described each amino acid template (10) and the termination codon template (12).