CN2818924Y

CN2818924Y - Stepless speed variator of multi-sectional continuous hydraulic machinery

Info

Publication number: CN2818924Y
Application number: CN 200520031072
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周志立; 张明柱; 徐立友; 张文春
Original assignee: Henan University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Henan University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2005-06-24
Filing date: 2005-06-24
Publication date: 2006-09-20
Anticipated expiration: 2015-06-24

Abstract

The utility model relates to a stepless speed variator of multi-sectional continuous hydraulic machines, which comprises planetary gear rows which are arranged in a box body and four synchronous clutches which are respectively connected with tooth rings and planetary frames, wherein an input shaft can be respectively jointed with the gear rings or the planetary frames via two preposition clutches and the gear rings or the planetary frames can drive a middle shaft via two postposition clutches. A set of hydraulic unit which is composed of a variable-displacement pump and a fixed displacement motor enclosed drive is arranged on the box body, an input shat of a set of paralleled speed changing segment selecting gear pair is a middle shaft, an output shaft is an output shaft of the speed variator and the gear pair is selectivity connected with the output shaft via the clutch. The relationship of the speed changing segment selection between the middle shaft and the output shaft and the stepless speed change between the input shaft and the middle shaft is major-minor speed changing serial connection. The utility model can control the engagement sequence of the clutch and the displacement of a variable displacement pump by a controller, and the utility model can accomplish stepless transmission of forward and reverse continuous multiple segments with wide rage and high efficiency.

Description

The continuous hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox of multistage

(1) technical field

The utility model belongs to the general vehicle transmission field, relates to the high-efficiency infinite variable speed transmission device that a kind of hydraulic transmission and mechanical transmission combine.Particularly relate to power can be separately by hydraulic transmission, mechanical transmission and the continuous hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox of multistage by hydraulic pressure and the transmission of mechanical bond double power flow.

(2) background technique

Farm tractor and general vehicle are commonly used to have the speed changer of grade gear transmission and hydrostatic transmissions that the transmission of power of motor is arrived equipment, finishes desired task.As power suitably being delivered to wheel or farm implements by speed changer.Particularly farm tractor needs long full power operation in the velocity range of arable land or other operations, under this condition, expects to have the highest transmission efficiency.Therefore when selecting the speed changer of these type of vehicle, transmission efficiency and velocity ratio excursion are two major consideration.Hydrostatic transmissions can provide very wide velocity ratio excursion usually, but transmission efficiency is lower than gear transmission.Gear transmission has very high transmission efficiency, but can not accomplish stepless change.Application all is difficult to satisfy the usage requirement of tractor and engineering machinery class vehicle separately.

The continuous hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox of multistage combines mechanically operated high efficiency and hydraulicdriven stepless change characteristic, adopt the double power flow transmission, most of power is by mechanical transmission, small part power is by hydraulic transmission, thereby can realize the stepless change transmission of high efficiency and wide range, satisfy big power variable speed transmission requirement, be particularly suitable on farm tractor and general vehicle, using.

(3) summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model provides the continuous hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox of multistage of a kind of simple planet row structure, the transmission of many active sections high efficiency.

The composition of the utility model speed changer comprises mainly that the input shaft 1, epicyclic gear train 7, jack shaft 13, the speed change section that are installed in the casing are selected gear train 36, output shaft 23, are installed in the enclosed transmission hydraulic power unit of being made up of variable-displacement pump 4 and fixed displacement motor 30 on the casing, pto 28 etc.It is characterized in that: the preposition timing clutch 6 of epicyclic gear train 7 and 5 can make input shaft 1 engage with gear ring 8 and planet carrier 9 respectively, and rearmounted timing clutch 11 and 12 can make jack shaft 13 engage with gear ring 8 and planet carrier 9 respectively; Rearmounted timing clutch 11 and 12 also can make epicyclic gear train 7 and jack shaft 13 fix as one jointly; Input shaft 1 drives variable displacement pump 4 through a pair of

gear

2,3, and the rotating speed of fixed displacement motor 30 is regulated in the output of variable displacement pump 4; Fixed displacement motor 30 drives the sun gear 10 of epicyclic gear train 7 through a pair of

gear

29,24; Jack shaft 13 constitutes the input shaft that the speed change section is selected gear train 36, the output shaft 23 of speed changer constitutes the output shaft that the speed change section is selected gear train 36, by the gear mesh of

clutch

15,19,34,32 selection work, input shaft 1 directly drives pto 28 by a pair of

gear

39,38 speed changes.

The utility model can reach following good effect:

When clutch 11,12 engages, planet row 7 fix as one with jack shaft 13, along with the discharge capacity of pump 4 is regulated, jack shaft 13 can obtain in the pure hydraulic stepless speed changes section of positive and negative two-way continually varying, the front and back of satisfying tractor stall start or the general vehicle operation of travelling of shuttling back and forth continuously.

When clutch 6,12 engaged, along with the discharge capacity of pump 4 is regulated, jack shaft 13 can obtain low speed hydraulic machinery stepless change section.When clutch 5,11 engaged, along with the discharge capacity of pump 4 is regulated, jack shaft 13 can obtain high-speed hydraulic machinery stepless change section.Synchronous switching can be realized in above-mentioned two sections appropriate locations at pump displacement, realizes the continuous stepless speed change of wide range.And when switching point engages clutch 6 and 11 (or 5 and 12), input shaft 1 directly is connected with jack shaft 13, can realize the pure machinery shelves of the high efficiency transmission under the synchronous speed, the respective pump discharge capacity is zero velocity ratio in every section, because the hydraulic power split ratio is zero, also belong to pure machinery shelves, jack shaft 13 has three high efficiency pure machinery shelves like this.

Transmission input shaft 1 is stepless change to jack shaft 13, jack shaft 13 is step change to output shaft 23, the two is in conjunction with the tandem drive relation that forms the major-minor gearbox, switch at speed changer output speed identical points between each stepless change section, form the transmission of multistage continuous stepless speed change, thus the range of infinitely variable speeds of widening and realize reversing drive.The speed change section selects the right number of gear train middle gear can select according to slewing range with in the requirement of common speed section assurance efficiency operation at different type of vehicle with velocity ratio.Fig. 1 speed changer has 6 continuous stepless gear stage of forward, reverse 2 continuous stepless gear stage.When in farm tractor, using, two sections stepless change sections by clutch 34,19,15 difference corresponding selection low velocity zone, middling speed district and high velocity, corresponding to the stepless change in the operations such as intertillage, ploughing and transportation of tractor, clutch 32 is selected two sections stepless change sections (by two pairs of

gears

25 and 26,33 and 18 transmissions) of reversing.At each work section efficient height commonly used, three pure machinery shelves in each district more have outstanding high efficiency, cooperate certain motor and back axle speed change, and car load speed can be adjusted between forward 0～35km/h, reverse 0～10km/h continuously.

(4) description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the utility model hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox.

(5) embodiment

The theory of constitution of the continuous hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox of the utility model multistage as shown in Figure 2, its case structure is as shown in Figure 1.Its composition comprises input shaft 1, sun wheel shaft 37, jack shaft 13, transition axis 27, output shaft 23, pto 28,

epicyclic gear train

7 and 4 timing clutches 5 that link to each other with planet carrier 9 with its gear ring 8 respectively, 6,11,12, oil hydraulic pump 4, oil hydraulic motor 30, pump input

speed change gear

2 and 3, motor output

variable speed gear

29 and 24, low speed gear is to (by three pairs of

gears

21 and 20,22 and 31,35 and 14 form), intermediate gear is to (being made of a pair of gear 21 and 20), high gear is to (being made up of a pair of gear 16 and 17), reverse gear is to (by two pairs of

gears

25 and 26,33 and 18 form), the speed change section is selected

clutch

15,19,34,32 etc.The input shaft 1 of speed changer, epicyclic gear train 7, jack shaft 13 coaxial arrangement are in preceding casing, and jack shaft 13 skies are enclosed within on the sun wheel shaft 37 and enter rear box.Jack shaft 13, transition axis 27, output shaft 23 are arranged in parallel in the rear box, and the speed change section is selected gear train 36 and selected

clutch

15,19,34,32 compact Layout on three.The front and back case is arranged the assembling of being convenient to planet row.Constitute closed hydraulic loop between oil hydraulic pump 4 and the oil hydraulic motor 30, be arranged in outside the casing, both be convenient to the installation and the adjustment of hydraulic unit, also help reducing box sizes.Clutch adopts wet friction clutch, and control is convenient, and joint impact is little.Pto 28 is arranged in parallel with input shaft 1 and passes the front and back casing and export from the rear end.

When clutch 6,12 engages, form 1 low speed hydraulic machinery stepless change section between input shaft 1 and the jack shaft 13, when clutch 5,11 engages, form 1 high-speed hydraulic machinery stepless change section between input shaft 1 and the jack shaft 13,3 forward gears are arranged between jack shaft 13 and the output shaft 23,1 reverse gear, therefore, speed changer has 6 forward hydraulic machinery stepless change sections, 2 reverse hydraulic machinery stepless change sections.

Hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox is realized the transmission of forward and reverse multistage continuous stepless speed change by the joint of microelectronic digital controller solenoidoperated cluthes and the adjusting of variable displacement pump discharge capacity.

When the vehicle stall start, speed changer low speed section clutch 34, planet are arranged 7 rearmounted clutches 11,12 and are engaged, epicyclic gear train 7 three members (comprising gear ring 8, planet carrier 9 and sun gear 10) and middle output shaft 13 fuse, power by input shaft 1 be delivered to oil hydraulic pump 4, again to oil hydraulic motor 30, epicyclic gear train 7, jack shaft 13, low speed gear to (21 and 20,22 and 31,35 and 14), be delivered to output shaft 23 at last.The discharge capacity of controlled variable pump 4 forward of starting from scratch increases, and output shaft 23 will begin that forward increases gradually in low-speed range from zero-speed, thereby realize the stall start of vehicle.If the discharge capacity of controlled variable pump 4 changes in positive and negative lit range, output shaft 23 will forward and reverse variation in low-speed range, thereby shuttles back and forth and travel in the front and back of realizing vehicle.This mode of operation also can make vehicle accurately stop, as the farm implements that are used for tractor articulate etc.

When vehicle low speed was started to walk, clutch 34,6 and 12 engaged, when regulate pump displacement from reverse maximum when forward is regulated, speed changer will be in the low speed hydro-mechanical segment work of low velocity zone.When planet carrier 9 and input shaft 1 speed synchronization, holdback clutch 6, engaging clutch 5, speed changer will switch to the pure machinery shelves of low velocity zone, thereby realize the high efficiency transmission.When holdback clutch 12, engaging clutch 11, speed changer will switch to the high-speed hydraulic machinery section work of low velocity zone synchronously.

When the discharge capacity negative regulation of variable displacement pump 4 during to the section of changing point synchronously, holdback clutch 5,11,34, engaging clutch 6,12,19 switches to the low speed hydro-mechanical segment between jack shaft 13 and the input shaft 1, switches to the hydro-mechanical segment work in middling speed district between output shaft 23 and the middle output shaft 13.Thereafter adjusting is with similar in the adjusting of low velocity zone.

When reverse clutch 32 joints, when other clutch engaged with direction of advance is similar, vehicle travelled reverse stepless change.

Claims

1, the continuous hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox of a kind of multistage, mainly comprise the input shaft (1) that is installed in the casing, epicyclic gear train (7), jack shaft (13), the speed change section is selected gear train (36), output shaft (23), be installed in the enclosed transmission hydraulic power unit of forming by variable-displacement pump (4) and fixed displacement motor (30) on the casing, pto (28) etc., it is characterized in that: the preposition timing clutch (6) of epicyclic gear train (7) and (5) can make input shaft (1) engage with gear ring (8) and planet carrier (9) respectively, rearmounted timing clutch (11) and (12) can make jack shaft (13) engage with gear ring (8) and planet carrier (9) respectively, input shaft (1) is through a pair of gear (2), (3) drive variable displacement pump (4), the rotating speed of fixed displacement motor (30) is regulated in the output of variable displacement pump (4), fixed displacement motor (30) is through a pair of gear (29), (24) sun gear (10) of driving epicyclic gear train (7), jack shaft (13) constitutes the input shaft that the speed change section is selected gear train (36), the output shaft of speed changer (23) constitutes the output shaft that the speed change section is selected gear train (36), by clutch (15), (19), (34), (32) gear mesh of selection work, input shaft (1) is by a pair of gear (39), (38) speed change directly drives pto (28).

2, the continuous hydraulic mechanical stepless gearbox of multistage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: rearmounted timing clutch (11) and (12) also can make epicyclic gear train (7) and jack shaft (13) fix as one jointly.