CN2794026Y - Switch magnetic biasing speed regulating motor - Google Patents
Switch magnetic biasing speed regulating motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN2794026Y CN2794026Y CNU200520096493XU CN200520096493U CN2794026Y CN 2794026 Y CN2794026 Y CN 2794026Y CN U200520096493X U CNU200520096493X U CN U200520096493XU CN 200520096493 U CN200520096493 U CN 200520096493U CN 2794026 Y CN2794026 Y CN 2794026Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a switch magnetic biasing buncher comprises reluctance machine, position sensor, drive controller, characterized by: the reluctance motor is a bias reluctance motor, a position sensor is arranged between a stator and a rotor of the motor, and a position signal detected by the position sensor is fed back to the drive controller to regulate and control the operation of the bias motor. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable design, replace traditional reluctance motor by magnetic biasing formula reluctance motor, adopt brushless DC motor position detection and control method to cooperation interchange bridge type switch driving method replaces traditional switched reluctance motor's direct current pulsation switch driving method, makes the utility model has the advantages of switched reluctance motor is simple, cheap, firm, exerts brushless DC motor drive control again, can reach high power factor, high efficiency, the high price/performance ratio, the benefit that the commonality is strong. Especially in the aspect of speed regulation of small motors below several kilowatts, the performance of the motor can completely replace the variable frequency speed regulation of asynchronous motors.
Description
Technical field:
The utility model belongs to dynamo-electric field, particularly a kind of improvement of switched reluctance machines, especially a kind of switch magnetic bias buncher.
Background technology:
Existing commonly used buncher system has: permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine, Asynchronous Frequency-variable governing system, switched reluctance motor system, also efficient lower the have direct current machine of brush and electromagnetism sliding buncher system.Wherein the permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine system effectiveness is the highest, but the rare-earth permanent-magnet electric machine cost is higher; Though the performance that the Asynchronous Frequency-variable governing system is outstanding makes it obtain extensive use, until several megawatts, it needs complicated transform vector computing to the power bracket of covering from several kilowatts.
And the efficient of conventional switch reluctance motor is between between the above two, but is not widely used, and its reason is:
1) the reluctance motor power factor is low, the commutation difficulty; The drive circuit poor compatibility, the cost height.
2) winding inductance changes with rotor-position, the enough sinusoidal back electromotive force of difficult acquisition, and harmonic wave is many.
3) step mode is unreasonable, and pulsating nature is too strong, causes mechanical oscillation, and noise is big.
Existing ZL03241080.8, ZL03241081.6, ZL03241246.0,200420111869.5 (a kind of teeth groove magnetic biasing type reluctance motors) of four main magnetic circuit magnetic biasing types of ZL03241247.9 reluctance motor patent and separate case application thereof, changed traditional reluctance motor dc pulse type of drive fully, direct current composition in the pulsating current extracted with D.C. magnetic biasing or permanent magnetism substitute, thereby reluctance motor is united mutually with the operational mode of other alternating current machine.How to realize the magnetic biasing type reluctance motor speed governing task of the present utility model.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this utility model is on the basis of magnetic biasing type reluctance motor, in conjunction with a kind of switch bias electric machine that can speed governing of electron controls technology design.
Technical solutions of the utility model are achieved in that a kind of switch magnetic bias buncher, form by reluctance motor, position transducer, driving governor, it is characterized in that: reluctance motor is the magnetic biasing type reluctance motor, be equiped with position transducer between the rotor of motor, the position signalling that position transducer detects feeds back to driving governor in order to the operation of regulation and control bias electric machine.
Described switch magnetic bias buncher driving governor comprises control circuit, exchanges bridge drive circuit, current detection circuit, position feedback circuit and rectifier power source, the output of control circuit connects the interchange bridge drive circuit, the magnetic bias winding is serially connected in rectifier power source and exchanges between the bridge drive circuit, the output of the position transducer signal of telecommunication is connected with the corresponding controling end of control circuit through the position feedback circuit, current detection circuit feeds back to the control end of control circuit with detected interchange bridge drive circuit output current signal, and the control circuit control end also is connected to speed regulator.
The utility model reasonable in design, replace traditional reluctance motor by the magnetic biasing type reluctance motor, adopt Brushless DC Motor Position Detection ﹠ Controling method, and cooperate interchange bridge-type switch drive method to substitute the dc pulse switch drive method of conventional switch reluctance motor, make to the utlity model has simple, cheap, the firm characteristic of switched reluctance machines, bring into play the advantage of brshless DC motor drive controlling again, can reach High Power Factor, high efficiency, high performance-price ratio, the benefit of highly versatile.Especially aspect the speed governing of micro-machine below several kilowatts, the complete alternative variable frequency speed modulation of asynchronous motor of its performance.
Description of drawings:
Below in conjunction with concrete legend the utility model is described further:
Fig. 1 magnetic biasing type reluctance motor and photoelectric sensor are installed profile
Fig. 2 switch bias electric machine driving governor theory diagram
Fig. 3 switch bias electric machine driving governor circuit diagram
Fig. 4 back-emf first-harmonic method sampling testing circuit
Fig. 5 back-emf triple-frequency harmonics method sampling testing circuit
Fig. 6 inductance method testing circuit of taking a sample indirectly
Wherein
1-stator 2-rotor 3-shell 4-end cap
5-axle 6-blanking disc 7-luminous tube 8-photoelectric tube
9-magnetic bias winding
Embodiment:
Magnetic biasing type reluctance motor and position transducer structure
With reference to Fig. 1, the mechanical structure of magnetic biasing type reluctance motor is similar to conventional motors, comprises the stator 1, iron core 2 and the shell 3 that have excitation winding.The magnetic biasing type reluctance motor is divided into excitation magnetic bias and permanent-magnet bias two classes, and the excitation magnetic bias is to separate a part of winding independently to produce excitation by direct current supply in excitation winding.Motor housing and size adopt universal asynchronous motor standard in this example, and it is stronger that main consideration makes it versatility, as the motor of special purpose, can select other structure for use.Bias electric machine considers to select for use the most cheap excitation magnetic biasing type among the figure, because rotor 2 does not have permanent magnet, position transducer adopts the photoelectric type structure.For ease of mounting or dismounting, blanking disc 6 is made barrel-shaped, is fixedly connected on rotor 2, and the number of teeth equals the rotor number of teeth, and the facewidth equals groove width.The transducer photoelectric type, each transducer is made up of luminous tube 7 and photoelectric tube 8 and supporting mass, and supporting mass is fixedly connected on stator, and the logarithm of luminous tube 7 and photoelectric tube 8 equals number of motor phases.The three-phase bias electric machine that equals every phase number of magnetic poles with the most frequently used stator and rotor tooth difference is an example, and the transducer number is 3, when each transducer equals stator adjacent pole elongation at interval, is 120 degree phase difference sensor designs; Each transducer equals a half of stator adjacent pole elongation at interval, is 60 degree phase difference sensor designs.
The installation site of transducer in motor also can adopt switched reluctance machines to use always: flat blanking disc is fixed in the rotating shaft, transducer is fixed between rear end cap and the fan, this only is the particular location difference that position transducer is installed, and reflect still to be the connecting relation of relative position between stator and rotor, should belong to equivalent configurations.
This routine scheme is applicable to the magnetic biasing type reluctance motor, magnetic circuit hybrid magnetoresistive motor, permanent magnetism double-salient reluctance motor of the different numbers of phases of other kind etc. too.
If magneto bias electric machine structure, position transducer also can adopt the Magnetic Sensor of more simplifying, and sensor activity part permanent magnetism magnetic pole logarithm equals number of teeth of motor rotor, and is fixedly connected with rotor, the sensing element number of sensor fixed part equals number of motor phases, and is fixedly connected with stator.As the teeth groove bias electric machine of inserting permanent magnet with each teeth groove of rotor is example, and its sensor fixed part can adopt Hall element to place stator slot to get final product.
A kind of typical switch bias electric machine controller principle block diagram and concrete design of drive circuit
With reference to Fig. 2, driving governor comprises control circuit, exchange bridge drive circuit, current detection circuit, position feedback circuit and rectifier power source, the output of control circuit connects the interchange bridge drive circuit, the magnetic bias winding is serially connected in rectifier power source and exchanges between the bridge drive circuit, realize the magnetic bias winding and drive the winding current Synchronization Control, has constant output characteristic, the output of the position transducer signal of telecommunication is connected with the corresponding controling end of control circuit through the position feedback circuit, current detection circuit feeds back to the control end of control circuit with detected interchange bridge drive circuit output current signal, and the control circuit control end also is connected to speed regulator.Speed regulator is optional with potentiometer or voltage setter.
Wherein also be provided with a velocity feedback circuits in the driving governor, be connected to the output of position transducer and the corresponding controling end of control circuit.
Fig. 3 is a kind of typical three phase electric machine controller circuitry figure, control circuit is that single-chip MC33035 is as control centre, adopt 120 degree phase differences to cooperate with photoelectric sensor shown in Figure 1, because a little less than photoelectric tube 8 output signals, could be connected with control circuit MC33035 after must adding the one-level amplification.Exchange bridge drive circuit and adopt power field effect pipe FET or IGBT to constitute the three phase full bridge AC driving, the preposition suspension with IR2110 promotes.Magnetic bias winding 9 double as are DC power supply filtering, can significantly improve power factor.The speed feedback circuit that IC555 constitutes can speed stabilizing, the efficient in the time of improving underloading, low cruise again.
It is multi-form that control circuit can be selected formations such as other kind IC or single-chip microcomputer for use in this circuit, is constant but main circuit adopts the interchange bridge-type to drive.Number of motor phases can be extended to two-phase, four phases, five equate heterogeneous form.
Position transducer is that indirect sensors is given an example
The position probing of switch bias electric machine is a key technology of the present utility model, and except above-mentioned Magnetic Sensor and optical sensor, the indirect sensors that also has stator, rotor to form is isolated the position signal of telecommunication by signaling conversion circuit from winding.Specifically have: back electromotive force first-harmonic scheme, back-emf triple-frequency harmonics scheme, unloaded inductance scheme, the fly-wheel diode scheme, state observation scheme etc., these schemes are applicable to all that also the switch bias electric machine is as position transducer.And the magnetic bias winding of the uniqueness that has of excitation bias electric machine, can be used as position detecting element, directly from driving the winding number of winning the confidence, come conveniently, simple compared with synchronous machine.Below preferred three physical circuit examples do the labor explanation.
1, back-emf first-harmonic scheme:
Fig. 4 back-emf first-harmonic method testing circuit that draws, A, B, C are three-phase magnetic bias windings, capacitor C
1, C
2, C
3Be capacitance, transformer T
1, T
2, T
3Finish triangle-star conversion.U
1, U
2, U
3Three road back-emfs after treatment, are sent to single-chip microcomputer.This method needs three transformers, and complex structure, cost are high slightly, are only applicable to middle and high fast state-detection.Motor is earlier with the operation of stepping state, reach certain rotating speed after, back-emf increases, and after controller can obviously be differentiated feedback signal, changes autocontrol operation again over to.
2, back-emf triple-frequency harmonics scheme:
Shown in Figure 5, be triple-frequency harmonics method sampling testing circuit.R is a sample resistance, D
1, D
2Be limiter diode, C
1It is capacitance.Amplify three times by equation: sin3t+sin3 (t+120 °)+sin3 (t+240 °)=visible triple-frequency harmonics of 3sin3t at this.The triple-frequency harmonics scheme, relative sensitivity is higher, and signal to noise ratio is better, and shortcoming is accurate inadequately, before the electric motor starting, must send a location step-by-step impulse earlier, could guarantee mutual phase relation.
3, inductance detection scheme:
Fig. 6 is a kind of inductance testing circuit.In the three-phase magnetic bias winding,, utilize this harmonic current, just in time form inductance relatively because always there is the high order harmonic component composition in copped wave.R
1, R
2, R
3It is grading resistor.IC
1The U of comparator output
1Be reflection A phase magnetic resistance change rate, low level represents that rotor tooth enters A phase scope; IC
2The U of comparator output
3, reflection be C phase state, low level represents that rotor tooth enters C phase scope.U
2Directly not measuring, is to be drawn by the single-chip microcomputer computing.The inductance detection scheme; what utilize is noise signal work; at low speed, Ultra-Low Speed; even when shutting down, can both accurately judge the rotor present position, but during middle and high speed; the relative clutter of back-emf is powerful; because the phase place of back-emf is different with the phase relation that inductance method is measured, after two kinds of signal stacks, cause confusion easily.The inductance detection scheme is only applicable to slowspeed machine.
By the switch bias electric machine scheme that above-mentioned thinking is formed, can be applicable to domestic air conditioning, refrigerator, office machinery, and various speed adjustable range is little, load is equipment etc. more stably.After the control commands such as control circuit obtains that higher level's main frame sends here turns to, rotating speed,,,, drive motor, slowly start by the raising frequency characteristic that configures from zero-speed by drive circuit by step-by-step system earlier by interface circuit.After bias electric machine starts, after single-chip microcomputer begins to receive the interrupt signal of several position pulse, from of the conversion of stepping state, finish start-up course automatically to the operation of closed loop autocontrol mode.
Indirect position transducer controlling schemes, relatively antijamming capability a little less than, it is less to be only applicable to power, surrounding environment is better, load is occasion more stably.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of switch magnetic bias buncher, form by reluctance motor, position transducer, driving governor, it is characterized in that: reluctance motor is the magnetic biasing type reluctance motor, be equiped with position transducer between the rotor of motor, the position signalling that position transducer detects feeds back to driving governor in order to the operation of regulation and control bias electric machine.
2, switch magnetic bias buncher according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: driving governor comprises control circuit, exchange bridge drive circuit, current detection circuit, position feedback circuit and rectifier power source, the output of control circuit connects the interchange bridge drive circuit, the magnetic bias winding is serially connected in rectifier power source and exchanges between the bridge drive circuit, the output of the position transducer signal of telecommunication is connected with the corresponding controling end of control circuit through the position feedback circuit, current detection circuit feeds back to the control end of control circuit with detected interchange bridge drive circuit output current signal, and the control circuit control end also is connected to speed regulator.
3, switch magnetic bias buncher according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: position transducer is a Magnetic Sensor, sensor activity part permanent magnetism magnetic pole logarithm equals number of teeth of motor rotor, and be fixedly connected with rotor, the sensing element number of sensor fixed part equals number of motor phases, and is fixedly connected with stator.
4, switch magnetic bias buncher according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: position transducer is a photoelectric sensor, the blanking disc number of teeth that is fixedly connected with rotor equals number of teeth of motor rotor, and the luminous tube and the photoelectric tube logarithm that are fixedly connected with stator equal number of motor phases.
5, switch magnetic bias buncher according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: position transducer is the indirect sensors that stator, rotor are formed, and isolates the position signal of telecommunication by signaling conversion circuit from winding.
6, switch magnetic bias buncher according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: speed regulator is one of potentiometer or voltage setter.
7, switch magnetic bias buncher according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: also be provided with a velocity feedback circuits in the driving governor, be connected to the output of position transducer and the corresponding controling end of control circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU200520096493XU CN2794026Y (en) | 2005-05-21 | 2005-05-21 | Switch magnetic biasing speed regulating motor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU200520096493XU CN2794026Y (en) | 2005-05-21 | 2005-05-21 | Switch magnetic biasing speed regulating motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN2794026Y true CN2794026Y (en) | 2006-07-05 |
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| CNU200520096493XU Expired - Fee Related CN2794026Y (en) | 2005-05-21 | 2005-05-21 | Switch magnetic biasing speed regulating motor |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101860298A (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2010-10-13 | 安徽络力机电科技有限公司 | Switched reluctance motor controller |
| CN102108964A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-06-29 | 深圳市佳华利道新技术开发有限公司 | Fan rotation speed decision circuit based on general connection mode and method thereof |
| CN102158158A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-08-17 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Soft measurement and suspension system construction method for rotor displacement of bearingless synchronous reluctance motor |
| CN112398241A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-23 | 陈波 | Single-phase direct-current brushless position-sensorless motor and fan formed by same |
-
2005
- 2005-05-21 CN CNU200520096493XU patent/CN2794026Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101860298A (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2010-10-13 | 安徽络力机电科技有限公司 | Switched reluctance motor controller |
| CN101860298B (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2013-06-05 | 安徽络力机电科技有限公司 | Switched reluctance motor controller |
| CN102108964A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-06-29 | 深圳市佳华利道新技术开发有限公司 | Fan rotation speed decision circuit based on general connection mode and method thereof |
| CN102108964B (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2014-04-02 | 深圳市佳华利道新技术开发有限公司 | Fan rotation speed decision circuit based on general connection mode and method thereof |
| CN102158158A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-08-17 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Soft measurement and suspension system construction method for rotor displacement of bearingless synchronous reluctance motor |
| CN102158158B (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2013-05-01 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Soft measurement and suspension system construction method for rotor displacement of bearingless synchronous reluctance motor |
| CN112398241A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-23 | 陈波 | Single-phase direct-current brushless position-sensorless motor and fan formed by same |
| CN112398241B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2023-06-20 | 陈波 | Single-phase direct-current brushless position-sensor-free motor and fan formed by same |
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Granted publication date: 20060705 Termination date: 20100521 |