CN2776504Y - Operating device of vertiplane screw propeller - Google Patents
Operating device of vertiplane screw propeller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN2776504Y CN2776504Y CN 200520054150 CN200520054150U CN2776504Y CN 2776504 Y CN2776504 Y CN 2776504Y CN 200520054150 CN200520054150 CN 200520054150 CN 200520054150 U CN200520054150 U CN 200520054150U CN 2776504 Y CN2776504 Y CN 2776504Y
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- connecting rod
- rotor
- link
- short
- axis
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an operating device of a helicopter screw propeller. The utility model comprises two long rotor wings and two short rotor wings, wherein the two long rotor wings and the two short rotor wings are correspondingly arranged, the long rotor wings and the short rotor wings, which are corresponding to each other, are connected with an operating device which is composed of connecting rods; a position below the operating device is connected with an operating sleeve which is composed of ball heads, and the operating sleeve has the universal swing capability; the lower part of the operating sleeve is connected with a servo universal operating mechanism through bearings, and the servo universal operating mechanism is arranged on a machine body of a helicopter; the two long rotor wings, the two short rotor wings, the operating device, the operating sleeve and the servo universal operating mechanism rotate along with a screw propeller; the long rotor wings and the short rotor wings are arranged on the same plane; two arcuate outer connecting frames are correspondingly arranged together, and both ends of each of both of the two correspondingly arranged outer connecting frames are connected with one group of rotor wings; inner connecting frames are arranged in cavities which are arranged at the middle parts of the two arcuate outer connecting frames, and the inner connecting frames are correspondingly connected with the other group of rotor wings; the rotor wings which are connected with the inner connecting frames respectively extend out from both sides of each of the outer connecting frames. The long rotor wings and the short rotor wings are positioned in the same plane; thereby, the aerodynamic quality of a model airplane helicopter is obviously improved and the dynamic efficiency of the aircraft is evidently increased.
Description
[technical field]
The utility model belongs to the rotation wing pitch operating mechanism of model helicopter, the rotation wing pitch controlling organization of this model helicopter comprise be used for the model helicopter forwards, backwards, improve flight stability when left and right directions spirals and improve the rotor of flying power performance and efficient.
[background technology]
In the helicopter in the existing model plane, use pull bar mostly and have ten thousand swing abilities and handle the pitch that cover is adjusted rotor,, realize the lifting and the left-right and front-back motion of helicopter by the state of flight that the adjustment to pitch comes this change helicopter.Model helicopter has four rotors mostly, two long rotors and two short rotors, long rotor wherein is mainly used in the lifting of helicopter and the action of hovering, the motion of about two short rotors are in addition realized by the adjustment to pitch and front and back, above-mentioned long rotor and short rotor all are corresponding the settings.In existing technology, long rotor and short rotor are connected on the main shaft, all certain at interval distance, briefly above-mentioned long rotor and short rotor, when rotated not at grade, according to the air force principle, two groups of above-mentioned rotors when rotated, the air-flow phase mutual interference that is produced influences the performance of helicopter, and above-mentioned disturbing flow also reduces the utilization ratio of engine simultaneously.Above-mentioned phenomenon is concerning lower-powered model plane, its influence very obviously, though this problem long-term existence can't effectively be solved.
[summary of the invention]
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of long rotor and short rotor is positioned at same plane, can improve the lifting airscrew performance, improves flying quality, improves a kind of rotor control device that is used for model helicopter of helicopter engine efficient simultaneously.
In order to reach above-mentioned technical purpose, the utility model comprises following technology contents: a kind of helicopter screw propeller operating device, comprise corresponding two long rotors and two short rotors that are provided with, corresponding mutually long rotor and short rotor are connected with the manipulation device that connecting rod constitutes, the below of manipulation device is connected with the ten thousand swing abilities that have of bulb formation and handles cover, handle the cover bottom by the universal operating mechanism of servo on the bearing connection helicopter body, above-mentioned part is rotated with screw, described long rotor and short rotor are arranged on the same plane, two arc outer link correspondences are installed together, the two ends of two corresponding outer links of installing connect group leader's rotor, be in the cavity at arc outer link middle part and be provided with interior link, the other one group short rotor of corresponding mutually connection on the interior link, the short rotor in being connected on the link stretches out from the both sides of outer link respectively.
Described outer link is arc, two parts and its two ends correspondence link together about being divided into, and the two ends of each arc outer link are provided with hemispheric shrinkage pool, on the outside direction of this shrinkage pool, be provided with semicircle orifice with shrinkage pool UNICOM along its axis direction, the outer link middle part of bottom vertically is provided with spindle mounting hole.
Mutually corresponding two of being provided with concentric adjust connecting rods on the two sides of outer link, wherein adjust connecting rod upper edge axis direction and are provided with installing hole more than three for one, are used for hinge and connect long rotor adjustment connecting rod.
Described short rotor is provided with short rotor bar, in the through hole in this weak point rotor bar is installed in the middle part of the long limit of link, also be provided with on this weak point rotor bar and the perpendicular adjustment connecting rod of short rotor rod axis, this adjusts connecting rod and short rotor bar coaxial line, one end of this adjustment connecting rod is provided with adjustable hinge axis, two ends are provided with bulb on this hinge axis, and the axis of this hinge axis is parallel with the axis of adjusting connecting rod, and bulb can be adjusted its position on hinge axis by bolt.
Link is rectangular framework in described, middle part, two long limits hinge is connected with short rotor respectively, short rotor can rotate, be respectively equipped with the control link that has been connected through the hinge on the rotor bar, this adjusts connecting rod and rotor bar coaxial line, and this control link one end is provided with the connection hinge axis, these hinge axis both sides are provided with the bulb that is used to connect connecting rod, be respectively equipped with the axle of projection on two minor faces, on this axle bearing be installed, in the bearing block of two above-mentioned bearing fixing link inboards outside two.
The below of link is provided with the manipulation slide mechanism outside, match for sliding sleeve is installed on the main shaft and with it in this mechanism middle part, and this sliding sleeve can slide up and down along main shaft, the both sides of sliding sleeve are provided with pin shaft hole, the axis of pin shaft hole is parallel with the axis of main shaft, the both sides of sliding sleeve also are provided with the adjustment connecting rod, and this axis of adjusting connecting rod axis and main shaft is perpendicular.
What described manipulation was overlapped is equipped with the manipulation cover main body that ball-head cover constitutes by discoid middle part, the outer rim of this main body is equidistant to be provided with four connectors that are used to connect control stick, connector is provided with and is used to connect the universal operating mechanism connecting hole of servo, the top of handling the cover main body is provided with bearing, the bottom of bearing is equidistant to be provided with four pads, described pad is identical with the position of connector, above-mentioned ball-head cover is provided with through hole, this through hole and main shaft are corresponding, and slide up and down along main shaft, the top of handling cover is provided with the annular control handwheel, and interval 90 degree are connected with four connecting rod links on this control handwheel.
By adopting above-mentioned technical solution, the utility model has obtained following actively technique effect and advantage: be installed together by adopting two arc outer link correspondences, be provided with interior link in the cavity at arc outer link middle part, the other one group of rotor of corresponding mutually connection on the interior link, the structure that rotor in being connected on the link stretches out from the both sides of outer link respectively, by adopting above-mentioned structure that long rotor and short rotor in the utility model can be installed on the sustained height of main shaft, just make above-mentioned long rotor and short rotor can be in rotation in the same plane, by such structure, can obviously improve the aerodynamic quality of model helicopter, under the prerequisite that improves its maneuverability, significantly improve aircraft power efficient; By original operating mechanism is carried out bigger adaptability revision, this change is mainly aspect two, by two adjustment connecting rods that are provided with concentric corresponding mutually on the two sides of link, wherein adjust connecting rod upper edge axis direction and be provided with installing hole more than three for one, be used for hinge and connect the structure that long rotor is adjusted connecting rod, during use, the hole at its middle part is used for fixing the adjustment connecting rod, the connecting rod that is used to connect transmission of drive force of one end, an end in addition is provided with along axis once arranges a plurality of holes, by changing the link position of driven connecting rod, adjust its arm of force length, thereby reach the effect of the Operational Figure Of Merit that changes lifting airscrew; Same principle by hinge being connected on the adjustment connecting rod on the short rotor bar, adopts an end of adjusting connecting rod to be provided with adjustable hinge axis, and two ends are provided with bulb on this hinge axis, and bulb can be adjusted its position on hinge axis by bolt.This structure can change its acting force arm by adjusting the position of bulb equally, is actually the pitch that changes between long rotor and the short rotor and changes ratio, reaches the effect of adjusting helicopter operation sensitivity.At helicopter in-flight, angle between long rotor and the short rotor is big more, and the air drag that is produced is big more, and therefore short rotor is strong more to the adjustment capability of the angle of adjusting long rotor, just above-mentioned both to adjust the ratio of angle big more, the resistance during flight will be more little.By above-mentioned structure,, make of the enhancing of short rotor, the resistance that reduces to fly in the utility model to the adjustment capability of long rotor by adjusting the operating distance of the arm of force.Make above-mentioned operating mechanism be fit to flight and manipulation more, further improve the performance of model helicopter, increase the reliability of flight time, fuel savings and flight.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is a vertical view of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is an A-A cutaway view of the present utility model.
[specific embodiment]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further detailed:
As Figure 1-3, the main improvements of structure of the present utility model, be outer link 2 that is provided with the fixed length rotor and the interior link 4 of fixing short rotor 3, its China and foreign countries' link 2 is divided into up and down, and two parts two outer links 2 all are arc, two parts correspondence links together up and down, two-part up and down shape is the shape of central horizontal symmetry, the be shaped as middle part of above-mentioned outer link 2 after combination has cavity 5, this cavity 5 is used to install interior link 4, cavity 5 beginnings by the middle part are provided with the bearing block 7 that interior link 4 bearings at both ends 6 are installed successively, two spherical pits 8 that hemisphere constitutes, the circular port that the semicircle orifice 9 that two cross sections that are connected with pit 8 are half garden shape constitutes, the axis of the structure that this is above-mentioned is the center line of outer link 2, the outer link 2 middle part levels of bottom are provided with spindle mounting hole 10, and the both sides correspondence of main shaft 14 installing holes 10 is provided with two pin shaft holes 11.Long rotor 1 is installed in rotor connector 15, described rotor connector 15 is a U-shaped, one end of this connector 15 is provided with connecting rod 12, the other end of connecting rod 12 is provided with bulb 13, the size of this bulb 13 matches with hemispherical dimples 8 on the outer link, its center is provided with the through hole 16 that connecting rod 12 is installed, and long rotor 1 inserts in the U-shaped also affixed, and a side of this rotor connector 15 is provided with adjusts connecting rod 18.The section diameter that connecting rod 12 is connected with bulb 13 matches with semicircle orifice 9 on the outer link 2, an other side of pit 8 is provided with bearing block 7, the outer link 2 that is positioned at the bottom is affixed with main shaft 14, the axis of said two devices is vertical mutually, after above-mentioned outer link 2 makes up, above-mentioned connector 15 is fixed therein, and with the outer link 2 of bolted.Realize the installation of long rotor 1.Connecting rod 18 and connecting rod 37 are adjusted in corresponding mutually being provided with on the two sides of outer link 2, generally are provided with two simultaneously and adjust connecting rod.These adjustment connecting rod 37 upper edge axis directions are provided with the installing hole more than three, to be connected the diverse location of adjustment connecting rod 33 on connecting rod 37 by different installing holes, change its adjustment capability of arm of force length of adjusting connecting rod 37, thereby can improve the performance of whole operating mechanism long rotor pitch.
Below above-mentioned part, be provided with the manipulation slide mechanism, this mechanism middle part is installed on the main shaft 14 for sliding sleeve 23 and matches with it, and this sliding sleeve 23 can slide up and down along main shaft 14, the both sides of sliding sleeve 23 are provided with the bearing pin slide opening, bearing pin 24 slides up and down along main shaft 14 with sliding sleeve 23 in the bearing pin slide opening, the axis of bearing pin 24 is parallel with the axis of main shaft 14, in the pin shaft hole 11 in the outer link 2 of other end insertion of this bearing pin 24, and it is fixing in pin shaft hole 11, the both sides of sliding sleeve 23 also are provided with adjusts connecting rod 30, and this axis of adjusting connecting rod 30 hinge axis axis and main shaft 14 is perpendicular.
Below the manipulation slide mechanism, be provided with and handle cover, this manipulation cover is equipped with the manipulation cover main body 25 that ball-head cover 26 constitutes by discoid middle part, the disc that is shaped as of main body 25 is overlapped in this manipulation, the center is provided with the through hole that ball-head cover 26 is installed, the outer rim of this manipulation cover main body 25 is equidistant to be provided with four connectors 27 that are used to connect connecting rod, connector 27 is interval 90 degree each other, connector 27 is provided with the hole, the top of handling cover main body 25 is provided with bearing 28, the bottom of bearing 28 is equidistant to be provided with four pads 29, and described pad 29 is identical with the position of connector 27, and above-mentioned ball-head cover 26 is provided with through hole, this through hole and main shaft are corresponding, and slide up and down along main shaft.The top of handling cover is provided with the annular control handwheel, and interval 90 degree are connected with four connecting rod links on this control handwheel.All above-mentioned mechanisms all rotate with the rotation of main shaft 14, have only by bearing 28 and be installed in the manipulation cover main body 25 of handling the cover below, not with above-mentioned mechanism's rotation, connect the universal operating mechanism of servo by this connector 27, the universal operating mechanism of servo is installed on the body, control is handled cover to different direction swings, controls the pitch of four above-mentioned rotors, thereby reaches the purpose of control flight.
The connected mode and the position of the connecting rod between three above-mentioned parts are described below.At first being connected with four connecting rods on the control handwheel respectively begins, two relative connectors wherein, structure by bulb and ball cover is connected connecting rod 31, an other end of connecting rod 31 is connected on the adjustment connecting rod 30 of handling the slide mechanism both sides, above-mentioned connected mode is that hinge connects, and hinge axis is perpendicular to the center line of adjusting connecting rod 30; The other end of adjusting connecting rod 30 end of connecting rod 32 that is connected through the hinge, rotor was adjusted connecting rod 38 in an other end of connecting rod 32 was connected through the hinge, and the axis of the hinge axis at connecting rod 32 two ends is parallel to each other, and short rotor is adjusted the pitch that connecting rod 38 is directly adjusted the weak point rotor.Adjustment connecting rod 30 in the above-mentioned part adopts hinge to connect, and other hinge is connected to by bulb and ball and buckles universal connection that forms.
Equally, being connected with four connecting rods on the control handwheel respectively begins, wherein other two relative connectors, structure by bulb and ball cover is connected connecting rod 34, an other end of connecting rod 34 adjustment connecting rod 18 1 ends on link 2 two sides outside that are connected through the hinge, an other end of this adjustment connecting rod 18 connecting rod 35 that is connected through the hinge, an other end of connecting rod 35 is connected through the hinge and is connected adjustment connecting rod 21 1 ends on the short rotor bar at hinge, and drive this adjustment connecting rod 21 by the gyroscopic procession principle, do axial wobble with respect to long rotor.Drive the pitch adjustment of long rotor simultaneously, adjustment connecting rod 21 other ends in above-mentioned on the link 4, connecting rod 36 is connected through the hinge, an other end of connecting rod 36 connects adjusts connecting rod 37, because the installing hole of adjusting on the connecting rod 37 has more than three, and distribute along the center line order, an end wherein is connected through the hinge on the hinge axis of adjusting connecting rod 18, promptly adjust connecting rod 18 and this adjustment connecting rod 37 and fix on the outer link 2, preferably make it and adjust connecting rod 21 shared hinge axis by hinges fixing.The installing hole at its middle part is used for hinge and connects connecting rod 36, and the installing hole of an other end is used for hinge and connects connecting rod 33, and connecting rod 33 is connected through the hinge on the adjustment connecting rod 17 on the connector 15, is used to control the pitch of long rotor.When above-mentioned adjustment connecting rod 37 is provided with a plurality of hole, can be installed in by a end in the different holes connecting rod 33, can change the acting force arm length of adjusting connecting rod 37 like this, reach the effect that the pitch of adjusting long rotor and short rotor changes ratio.The pitch that also has a kind of mode to put in order long rotor and short rotor in addition changes ratio.An end of adjusting connecting rod 21 at short rotor is provided with adjustable hinge axis, and two ends are provided with bulb on this hinge axis, and bulb can be adjusted its position on hinge axis by bolt.Also can realize by the mode that above-mentioned bulb is installed in the left and right sides of adjusting connecting rod respectively.This in addition adjustment mode and portion are limited to adjustment connecting rod 21, can be applied to equally in other the adjustment connecting rod, and its effect is identical.
Whole maneuvering motion process is described below, be provided with ball-head cover 26 owing to handle the cover middle part, therefore under the control of the universal operating mechanism of servo, is axis when handling cover with corresponding two connectors wherein, do when swinging up and down, the two cover linkages that are connected with two other connector can be adjusted the pitch of connected rotor, make helicopter do corresponding motion.This shows that above-mentioned quadruplet linkage will drive rotor when the manipulation cover is done any swing, Dui Ying pitch adjustment in twos, the control helicopter is made and is passed through composite move.
In a word, main improvement of the present utility model is mainly aspect following three: at first by the structure of link in adopting and outer link, the rotation of long rotor and weak point rotor is dropped in the same plane; In addition by can adjust the guiding mechanism of connecting rod acting force arm axial or radial direction setting, for example: a plurality of holes are set, perhaps realize by modes such as threaded adjustment are set.Reach the pitch of adjusting between long rotor and the short rotor by above-mentioned mode and change ratio, this adjustment mode can be carried out above-mentioned adjustment according to operating position voluntarily by the default or user of producer, finally reaches the effect of the control sensitivity of adjusting helicopter.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of helicopter screw propeller operating device, comprise corresponding two long rotors and two short rotors that are provided with, corresponding mutually long rotor and short rotor are connected with the manipulation device that connecting rod constitutes, the below of manipulation device is connected with the ten thousand swing abilities that have of bulb formation and handles cover, handle the cover bottom by the universal operating mechanism of servo on the bearing connection helicopter body, above-mentioned part is rotated with screw, it is characterized in that: described long rotor and short rotor are arranged on the same plane, two arc outer link correspondences are installed together, the two ends of two corresponding outer links of installing connect group leader's rotor, be in the cavity at arc outer link middle part and be provided with interior link, the other one group short rotor of corresponding mutually connection on the interior link, the rotor in being connected on the link stretches out from the both sides of outer link respectively.
2, a kind of helicopter screw propeller operating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described outer link is arc, two parts and its two ends correspondence link together about being divided into, and the two ends of each arc outer link are provided with hemispheric shrinkage pool, on the outside direction of this shrinkage pool, be provided with semicircle orifice with shrinkage pool UNICOM along its axis direction, the outer link middle part level of bottom is provided with spindle mounting hole.
3, according to claim 1 or 2 any one described a kind of helicopter screw propeller operating device, it is characterized in that: mutual corresponding two adjustment connecting rods that are provided with concentric on the two sides of outer link, wherein adjust connecting rod upper edge axis direction and be provided with installing hole more than three for one, be used for hinge and connect long rotor adjustment connecting rod.
4, a kind of helicopter screw propeller operating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described short rotor is provided with short rotor bar, in the through hole in this weak point rotor bar is installed in the middle part of the long limit of link, also be provided with on this weak point rotor bar and the perpendicular adjustment connecting rod of short rotor rod axis, this adjusts connecting rod and short rotor bar coaxial line, one end of this adjustment connecting rod is provided with adjustable hinge axis, two ends are provided with bulb on this hinge axis, the axis of this hinge axis is parallel with the axis of adjusting connecting rod, and bulb can be adjusted its position on hinge axis by bolt.
5, a kind of helicopter screw propeller operating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: link is rectangular framework in described, middle part, two long limits hinge is connected with short rotor respectively, short rotor can rotate, be respectively equipped with the control link that has been connected through the hinge on the rotor bar, this adjusts connecting rod and rotor bar coaxial line, and this control link one end is provided with the connection hinge axis, these hinge axis both sides are provided with the bulb that is used to connect connecting rod, be respectively equipped with the axle of projection on two minor faces, on this axle bearing is installed, in the bearing block of two above-mentioned bearing fixing link inboards outside two.
6, a kind of helicopter screw propeller operating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the below of link is provided with the manipulation slide mechanism outside, match for sliding sleeve is installed on the main shaft and with it in this mechanism middle part, and this sliding sleeve can slide up and down along main shaft, the both sides of sliding sleeve are provided with pin shaft hole, the axis of pin shaft hole is parallel with the axis of main shaft, and the both sides of sliding sleeve also are provided with the adjustment connecting rod, and this axis of adjusting connecting rod axis and main shaft is perpendicular.
7, a kind of helicopter screw propeller operating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: what described manipulation was overlapped is equipped with the manipulation cover main body that ball-head cover constitutes by discoid middle part, the outer rim of this main body is equidistant to be provided with four connectors that are used to connect control stick, connector is provided with and is used to connect the universal operating mechanism connecting hole of servo, the top of handling the cover main body is provided with bearing, the bottom of bearing is equidistant to be provided with four pads, described pad is identical with the position of connector, above-mentioned ball-head cover is provided with through hole, this through hole and main shaft are corresponding, and slide up and down along main shaft, the top of handling cover is provided with the annular control handwheel, and interval 90 degree are connected with four connecting rod links on this control handwheel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200520054150 CN2776504Y (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | Operating device of vertiplane screw propeller |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200520054150 CN2776504Y (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | Operating device of vertiplane screw propeller |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2776504Y true CN2776504Y (en) | 2006-05-03 |
Family
ID=36743890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200520054150 Expired - Lifetime CN2776504Y (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | Operating device of vertiplane screw propeller |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2776504Y (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100404093C (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2008-07-23 | 杨克伟 | Helicopter screw propeller operating device |
| CN101519123B (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2011-11-16 | 尤洛考普特公司 | Helicopter equipped with multiple rotors to control blade incidence |
| CN103823383A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-05-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Two-freedom-degree helicopter simulator for researching control rule |
| CN107848621A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2018-03-27 | Zf 腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 | For the control-rod for the blade for adjusting helicopter |
-
2005
- 2005-01-31 CN CN 200520054150 patent/CN2776504Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100404093C (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2008-07-23 | 杨克伟 | Helicopter screw propeller operating device |
| CN101519123B (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2011-11-16 | 尤洛考普特公司 | Helicopter equipped with multiple rotors to control blade incidence |
| CN103823383A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-05-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Two-freedom-degree helicopter simulator for researching control rule |
| CN107848621A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2018-03-27 | Zf 腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 | For the control-rod for the blade for adjusting helicopter |
| CN107848621B (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2021-06-04 | Zf 腓德烈斯哈芬股份公司 | Control lever for adjusting a blade of a helicopter |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Effective date of abandoning: 20080723 |
|
| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |