CN2771931Y - Electronic calculator panel for convenient addition and substraction - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a panel of an electronic calculator convenient for addition and subtraction, which comprises a keyboard and a display device, wherein a plurality of number arrangement units are arrayed on the keyboard according to the azimuth of the array of gears of an abacus in a one-to-one correspondence mode; each number arrangement unit is composed of five number arrangement keys having positive and negative number signal input capability in an upper and lower teasing mode; the five number arrangement keys are arrayed according to the array azimuth of five calculation beads on each gear of a one-upper-four-lower abacus in a one-to-one correspondence array mode; each number arrangement unit corresponds one display unit; the number arrangement units and the display units are arranged on the same perpendicular line; each number arrangement unit and the display unit corresponding to the number arrangement unit represent a number place to be used for number arrangement and reading of the number place. The panel of the electronic calculator is improved into an abacus type, so the utility model can be used with the function of automatic calculation, and meanwhile, the utility model has the characteristics and advantages of the abacus. The utility model becomes a novel integral calculation tool, and more especially, an abacus type electronic calculator, and furthermore, the utility model solves the problem that the calculation speed of addition and subtraction of an electronic calculator is lower than that of an abacus.

Description

Make things convenient for the electronic calculator panel of plus-minus method

Technical field the utility model relates to certain and calculates tool, particularly Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish and electronic pocket calculator.

The technical background rechoning by the abacus is China's invention, is the culture rarity of China.1971 Christian eras, the young slip-stick artist of a U.S. has been developed into since first electronic pocket calculator (hereinafter to be referred as electronic calculator), electronic calculator is just promptly accepted by people all over the world with its powerful automatic calculation function, and is replacing Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish step by step.Yet, ancient Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish but with its unique glamour in today that science and technology is maked rapid progress, still capturing a large amount of market firmly, still in business accounting work, play a part other and calculate tools and be difficult to substitute.Therefore, the personnel that much adjust tirelessly are ready to have simultaneously these two kinds and calculate tool, respectively get its length.Discover, faster when doing plus-minus method than electronic calculator with abacus, further study reason discovery faster and more easily:

The first, abacus is dialled number and is gone into dish, is linearly operating from left to right, and the input of the data of electronic calculator often is a swooping action.For example: 7319, on abacus, to dial number and go into dish easily, and when electronic calculator is imported these data, but need do cornerwise intersection button twice, this is to be determined by the arrangement mode of electronic calculator numerical key or mutual arrangement orientation.

The second, abacus is when doing plus-minus method, and the moving number of pearl goes out.And electronic calculator also will just can draw final result by add key, Substract key, equals' key except finishing the data input.

The 3rd, because each shelves of abacus are being represented a numerical digit.Certain number put number and reading all carries out on the shelves of its correspondence, put that make a mistake when several can be at once or correction easily on these shelves later, do not influence the correctness of net result.And on the electronic calculator input certain when count, button in case make a mistake, is difficult to realize one by one, more can not or press gear correction separately easily by numerical digit.

The 4th, because each shelves of abacus are being represented a numerical digit.Subtract and add and subtract in the hybrid operation adding up, for avoiding reaching the shortcoming of losing time that " the sight line sky moves " caused from a high position to " empty-handed the moving " of low bit arithmetic all the time, can adopt order of operation: from left to right, again from left to right then from right to left ... so move in circles " operation method shuttles back and forth " of computing back and forth.For example: 17265.18+3067.78 can be earlier with summand from a high position to the low level, promptly put number from left to right, again with addend from low level to a high position, promptly put number from right to left.And electronic calculator can only be put number to low level one by one from a high position, and in putting several processes, its sight line and finger move around on keyboard according to the number that is placed into and seek the key position, have increased the weight of the burden of eyesight, have quickened the fatigue of brain.Yet Chinese rechoning by the abacus peculiar " five liters of decimal system " has not only kept " decimal system " that counts in the general mathematics but also many one " five liters of systems ", promptly expire five to the rising pearl, its major advantage is to make the operator can be identified in the implication of the bead registration of assembling on the gear quickly and accurately.It is contemplated that if there be not " five liters of systems " when representing 8,9 with a string bead, a glance just can not found out in the ordinary course of things, can judge but need count." five liters of systems " is reflected in and dials in the pearl computation process, than easy many of the abacus that does not have " five liters of systems " system, is one of Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish major reason that can continue into the present.Obviously, five beads of " five liters of systems " are arranged and are compared with ten arrangements of putting several keys of electronic calculator, put can accomplish aspect several faster more accurate.

The 5th, because each shelves on the abacus are being represented a numerical digit.Successively decrease with ten times of relations from left to right, this is consistent with the numerical digit of Arabic number relation, and meeting people's reading for a long time, writing number (perhaps putting number) is from left to right mental habit and motor habit.And do not have shelves on the electronic calculator, just there is not the advantage of this respect yet.

The 6th, abacus has omitted group pearl action with " neutral gear " expression zero.And electronic calculator must be by button with zero input.For example: dial 15000 on the abacus, only need thumb, forefinger simultaneously in front and back two grades dial that pearl gets final product on a following pearl and one, and electronic calculator must button just can be finished the input of this number for 5 times.

The 7th, putting number on the abacus is the action of " dialling ", and electronic calculator is the action of " pressing ", and " dialling " more meets born articulations digitorum manus than " pressing " and constitute, so its fingering more meets ergonomics, is the fingering of hommization.

In sum, abacus has many advantages, these advantages are by the decision of the architectural feature of abacus after all, more particularly determine by " arrangement of shelves and bead " rule, " shelves " are relatively independent unit, it is responsible for the number of putting of corresponding numerical digit simultaneously, reading and calculation function, but the high-order shelves that its computing meeting is adjacent because of " carry " and " borrow " relates to, this calculating process must have the judgement of human brain and cooperate manual finishing, this is the shortcoming of abacus maximum, particularly multiplication and division (and power, senior computing such as evolution) computing velocity can not show a candle to electronic calculator.Fundamentally, the shortcoming of abacus is: do not have " calculation function automatically " decision.On the contrary, the electronic calculator biggest advantage is to have automatic calculation function, can carry out multiplication and division and more senior computing quickly and easily.But put aspect number, reading, modification data, the plus-minus method convenient not as abacus.Fundamentally, the shortcoming of electronic calculator is: " arrangement of numerical key " (not as arrangement of shelves and arithmetic) decision.

The merits and demerits of abacus and electronic calculator existed simultaneously in the quite a long time up to now, this is a undisputable fact, though electronic calculator has the advantage and the series of advantages thereof of powerful automatic calculation function, yet these advantages have been confined people's thoughts just, fettered the further exploitation of electronic calculator technology, when making it do plus-minus method with it from being born in the time so far still not as good as abacus.

The summary of the invention the purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of slow even slightly faster than the electronic calculator panel that makes things convenient for plus-minus method of abacus unlike abacus when doing plus-minus method, and this panel has the advantage of the abacus described in the background technology.

The purpose of this utility model realizes by following proposal.

Fundamentally say with technical, the electronic calculator panel that makes things convenient for plus-minus method of the present utility model mainly is to utilize " shelves of abacus and the arrangement of bead " rule panel to electronic calculator, more particularly put several keys and arrange, make it to have that several advantages of putting of abacus and reading advantage achieve the above object.

Specifically, the electronic calculator panel of plus-minus method that makes things convenient for of the present utility model comprises keyboard and display device, be mounted with on described keyboard or the panel and put counting apparatus, the described counting apparatus of putting is to put counting unit by several as required to form, and described several are put counting unit and arranged according to Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish " shelves arrangements " rule or orientation are corresponding one by one on keyboard or panel; Described several are put counting unit at equidistant parallel and fitly being arranged on the same horizontal linear successively from left to right on keyboard or the panel, described each put counting unit and representing a numerical digit, be responsible for the number of putting of corresponding numerical digit.

Described each put counting unit and have the several keys of putting of same number by 5 or 6 or 7 or 9 or 10 and form being arranged in from top to bottom on the same perpendicular line on keyboard or the panel.

Described each put counting unit and have several keys of putting of importing positive number signal and these two kinds of signal capabilities of negative signal by upper and lower group mode by 5 and form, described these 5 put several keys on keyboard or the panel be according to " on once four;, the queueing discipline of 5 beads on each of abacus grade or orientation are corresponding one by one and fitly arrange; Put in several keys for described these 5, lean on 4 of the below to put the arrangement equidistantly successively of several keys, a distance of putting several keys of putting several keys and its below next-door neighbour of the top is greater than 4 distances of putting several keys of putting any two next-door neighbours in several keys by the below.

Described display device includes several display units, its number equates with the described number that several put counting unit, described each put counting unit all to a display unit should be arranged, described each display unit is being represented a numerical digit, and the output that responsible correspondence is put input computational data, storage computational data and the operation result (comprising radix point) of counting unit or corresponding numerical digit shows; Described each put the counting unit display unit corresponding and be placed on keyboard or the panel on same the perpendicular line from top to bottom with it, form one and have two functional units of putting number and data presentation function simultaneously, this two functional unit is being represented a numerical digit, being responsible for putting of corresponding numerical digit counts and data presentation, a certain numerical digit put number and reading all carries out at two functional units of correspondence, and described each display unit equidistantly is being arranged on the same horizontal linear on keyboard or the panel.

Described display unit by correspondence put counting unit all put several keys and form, it is described that all to put several keys be to be made by transparent or semitransparent material, its positioned inside has luminophor, this whole luminophor be according to output signal have or not have decision luminous or not luminous, the reading of described each two functional unit is by the luminous or non-luminous light and shade combination expression of putting several keys under it.

Include several radix point on described keyboard or the panel key is set, its number equates with the described number that several put counting unit, described each put counting unit all to should there being a radix point that key is set, this radix point is provided with the signal of key can determine to be placed into individual bit attribute function of the units in the number or the individual bit attribute function that correspondence is put counting unit; Described each radix point is provided with key and from left to right equidistantly is being arranged on keyboard or the panel on the same horizontal linear, and the centre distance that mutual next-door neighbour's radix point is provided with key equals next-door neighbour's the centre distance of putting counting unit mutually.

The utility model advantage compared with prior art:

Compare with Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish, have automatic calculation function, and the speed of multiplication and division that brings thus and more senior computing significantly improves; The plus-minus method position of need not advancing and retreat by hand is so also improved the arithmetic speed of plus-minus method simultaneously; Need not carry on the back the pithy formula training, save time, laborsaving, save worry.

Compare with electronic calculator, have the structural advantage of Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish shelves and bead, and the signed magnitude arithmetic(al) speed of bringing thus significantly improves " the moving number of key goes out "; Put and omitted group zero action when several, so the arithmetic speed of multiplication and division also has raising; Has the advantage of mentioning in the background technology.

So, make things convenient for the performance of the electronic calculator panel of plus-minus method to equal even be better than the combination property of electronic calculator panel and abacus.

Description of drawings Fig. 1 is the big abacus synoptic diagram of Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish " last two times five " seven pearls;

Fig. 2 is Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish " on once a five " abacus synoptic diagram;

Fig. 3 is Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish " on once a four " abacus synoptic diagram;

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are respectively main diagrammatic sketch and the stereographic maps corresponding with it that makes things convenient for the calculator panel of plus-minus method.

The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing for specific embodiment.

Referring to Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of " on once four " abacus, and wherein pearl is gone up in 1 expression, the 2 expression left sides, and 3 expression edges, 4 expressions are following, 5 expression the right, 6 expressions are pearl down, 7 expression shelves, 8 expression beams, 9 expression tops.

Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is respectively main diagrammatic sketch and the corresponding with it stereographic map that makes things convenient for the electronic calculator panel of plus-minus method of the present utility model, and key is gone up in the expression of 1 among Fig. 4, is equivalent to pearl, represents numeral 5 and-5; 2,3,4,5,8 and 9 is respectively the illusory left side, edge, bottom, the right, beam and top, and purpose is to look after the custom and the psychological goal of operator's use abacus, and also for explanation of the present invention needs, it should deciding what to use according to market.Four following keys of 6 expressions are equivalent to four following pearls; One two functional unit of 7 expressions is equivalent to shelves, and it puts counting unit 10 by one and corresponding display unit 11 is formed, be responsible for corresponding numerical digit and corresponding put counting unit put number and data presentation, two such functional units and put counting unit as many; 10 represent that of going up key and four following key compositions puts counting unit, and such counting unit of putting has several as required, and each is put counting unit and is representing a numerical digit, is responsible for the number of putting of corresponding numerical digit; 11 expressions show a unit, and each display unit is being represented a numerical digit, and responsible correspondence is put the data presentation (comprising that radix point shows) of counting unit, such display unit with put counting unit as many.

In the present embodiment, display unit only shows that correspondence puts the last operation result of counting unit (putting several data the first time that shows after the zero clearing), " the moving number of pearl goes out " is consistent when so just doing plus-minus method with abacus, if being ready certainly increases an auxiliary display unit easily, be used for the demonstration of the last input data.Above-mentioned display unit not only can show with seven piece of digital, can also use the numeral method of bead of abacus, utilize it to be shown in display unit, such as, numeral 6 can show that one is gone up pearl and a following pearl, arrange one on the other, the centre is represented to separate with a strigula, or simply put several keys (going up four following keys of key for) with corresponding five of putting counting unit, utilize its light and shade to make up to represent originally to put the data and the reading of counting unit, obvious this light and shade combination is consistent with the registration rule of abacus, such as, display digit 6, a following key going up key and its next-door neighbour putting counting unit is " bright ", all the other are " secretly ", and are perhaps opposite, all can represent the implication of numeral 6.Obvious this display mode requires to put several keys to be transparent or semitransparent or the ability of energising variable color is arranged, and this just requires to put several keys inside must be mounted with the luminous luminophor in energising back, and is determined the combination of its light and shade (color) as required by output signal.

12 expression auxiliary display screen, can show make mistakes, overflow, cues such as positive number, negative, can also assist the operation result that shows that seven piece of digital are represented, make things convenient for different users's custom.

The 13rd, radix point key is set, each puts counting unit to the key that is provided with of a radix point should be arranged, it with put counting unit as many, can be used for determining to be placed into individual bit attribute of the units in the number or the individual bit attribute that correspondence is put counting unit.

Also be provided with several relevant instruction keys on panel or the keyboard as required, other function keys etc., the several keys of putting in the present embodiment are and stir input up and down towards the direction vertical with beam and put several signals, and this group pearl direction with abacus is consistent.For convenience, group key of present embodiment is the bead on abacus not, sometimes stir a bead may relate to other beads in the lump along shelves move, (such as, inserting numeral 4 during blank panel is that four following pearls are moved towards the direction of beam simultaneously), but each to put several keys all be to do around a stationary shaft parallel with the direction of beam, under circumferential movement, this motion can not relate to the adjacent key of dialling, the displacement that this upper and lower circumferential movement produces can be used for closing and closing of the relevant switch contact of control printed circuit board, make it to produce plus signal and cut signal, each puts several keys all to two contact switchs should be arranged, the ability that two kinds of signals of control are arranged, such as, 5+4=9, after the ON/C key is promptly pressed in zero clearing totally, select certain and put counting unit as a position, key on it is just left after the direction of beam is stirred once with forefinger, reference position in the middle of last key promptly is returned to, promptly imported numeral 5, simultaneously corresponding display unit shows 5 signal, if continue the nethermost numerical key in this unit is upwards stirred once, this display unit can be directly show two several and signal 9, stir the operation of just finishing 5+,4=9 twice like this, the centre does not need by plus sige and equal sign, accomplished the same with abacus " the moving number of pearl goes out ", add 3 if put counting unit at this, this need only be put counting key from the 3rd underlying of number upwards and stirring once of counting unit to the direction of beam, corresponding display unit can show 2 signal immediately, the adjacent display unit in a left side also can show carry signal 1, the two adjacent display units that are display device from left to right show 1 and 2 respectively, be 9+3=12, here artificial carry, " the five liters of decimal system " on the abacus all has the automatic computing of internal circuit and shows.Subtraction too, result 12 such as last example, to go up key on two shown functional units of unit numbers 2 stirs once towards the direction that deviates from beam, can directly borrow 1 by internal circuit to the high position on the left side, with 12-5=6, and 6 signal is presented on the display unit of this unit, and adjacent high one display unit in a left side becomes 0 from 1.In a word, adding up here, tired subtract or to add and subtract comprehensive computing the same with the operation of abacus simple, the same with " the moving number of pearl goes out " of abacus " key is moving to be counted ", moreover, make things convenient for the plus-minus of the electronic calculator panel of plus-minus method only to use the pithy formula that directly adds He directly subtract in the rechoning by the abacus, and the corresponding operation of dialling pearl (and dialling key), and mend in the rechoning by the abacus five add and the subtracting of the fifth day of the first lunar month, advance ten add and move back ten subtract, advance ten add and move back ten to mend five the pithy formula that subtracts useless in modern abacus the fifth day of the first lunar month, can not use, its relevant operation can not be used, they are all replaced by automatic calculation function, therefore the plus and minus calculation of abacus type electronic calculator is more simplified, faster, obviously multiplication and division is to use the instruction key multiplication sign, the division sign and equal sign, though this point has increased number of operations than plus-minus method, but compare the multiplication and division of abacus, automatically computing, automatically show that bring convenient is far longer than the inconvenience that instruction key operation brings, and be placed into the 0 the same number of need not putting in the number with abacus, therefore, its multiplication and division computing meeting is than electronic calculator slightly soon.Above operation is the same with the operation of abacus, puts and will select gear when several, and all the counting unit of putting in correspondence carries out.And being provided with key, radix point can determine numerical digit easily, but must be after having put units successively the radix point of putting counting unit of correspondence being provided with key presses, determine units, and input radix point signal, automatically finish according to this distinguishing signal by internal circuit and need not select gear, operation of the another kind of not contraposition and operational pattern, the person's that can satisfy the different operating use habit.

Internal circuit is as " movement ", its automatic calculation function is used as a ready-made function by people, in fact, satisfying under the purpose of this utility model or the shelves and the tactic pattern and operator scheme of bead at abacus, support that in the framework of the technical solution of the utility model or scope circuit is not only a kind of certainly, general electronic technology personnel are utilizing free known electronic technology, Digital Electronic Technique particularly, under the utility model, finish and support that circuit is no problem, it can make plain edition, function type (science type) and formula type are not just given unnecessary details here.But it should be noted, abacus is " five liters of decimal system ", and make things convenient for the electronic calculator panel of plus-minus method inserting numeral 6,7,8,9 or-6,-7,-8,-9 o'clock last keys and a following key cooperate simultaneously or almost simultaneously to put to count and replace, at this moment internal circuit may receive the signal of key and the signal of a following key simultaneously, therefore, preferably each puts counting unit to the circuit unit of a plus and minus calculation should be arranged, this unit not only has puts several functions, also have and add up, the tired function that subtracts computing, importantly, when entering simultaneously, a following key signals can guarantee normal acceptance, computing shows correct, therefore preferably adopts one 8421 yards of 9 yards of benefits and adds/subtract arithmetical unit, is modified into the device that adds up/subtract, and its input end made suitable change, to satisfy 6,7,8,9 or-6,-7,-8,-9 signal input.This circuit unit can also replace with a sequential circuit with the device function that adds up/subtract, and it must satisfy above-mentioned functions certainly.In a word, owing to introduced electronic technology, its function can be expanded and upgrade easily, such as, each unit can increase a reset key, increases by one and inserts several clear key (this can also remove by inserting the mode that the last time inserts several opposite numbers certainly) recently, by the functional mapping key with all several keys of putting, no matter be to go up to dial or set aside, all become and to put positive number (addition) or negative (subtraction), make accumulating operation or tired to subtract computing more convenient.All function keys all can adopt the form of dialling key to satisfy the unicity of fingering, handled easily.

The utility model is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; every arrangement architecture and rule of utilizing the shelves of abacus; being one with shelves, to put number or the unit of reading be prototype; with queueing discipline and the arrangement architecture of putting counting unit of the present utility model; represent the number of putting of a numerical digit to put counting unit; no matter how its shape, structure and structure of putting counting unit itself change, all will fall within protection domain of the present utility model.

Claims (6)

1. electronic calculator panel that makes things convenient for plus-minus method, comprise keyboard and display device, it is characterized in that: be mounted with on described keyboard or the panel and put counting apparatus, the described counting apparatus of putting is to put counting unit by several as required to form, and described several are put counting unit and arranged according to Chinese rechoning by the abacus dish " shelves arrangements " rule or orientation are corresponding one by one on keyboard or panel; Described several are put counting unit at equidistant parallel and fitly being arranged on the same horizontal linear successively from left to right on keyboard or the panel, described each put counting unit and representing a numerical digit, be responsible for the number of putting of corresponding numerical digit.

2. the electronic calculator panel that makes things convenient for plus-minus method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described each put counting unit and have the several keys of putting of same number by 5 or 6 or 7 or 9 or 10 and form being arranged in from top to bottom on the same perpendicular line on keyboard or the panel.

3. the electronic calculator panel that makes things convenient for plus-minus method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described each put counting unit and have several keys of putting of importing positive number signal and these two kinds of signal capabilities of negative signal by upper and lower group mode by 5 and form, described these 5 to put several keys be corresponding one by one and fitly arrange according to the queueing discipline of 5 beads on each grade of " on once four " abacus or orientation on keyboard or the panel; Put in several keys for described these 5, lean on 4 of the below to put the arrangement equidistantly successively of several keys, a distance of putting several keys of putting several keys and its below next-door neighbour of the top is greater than 4 distances of putting several keys of putting any two next-door neighbours in several keys by the below.

4. the electronic calculator panel that makes things convenient for plus-minus method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described display device includes several display units, its number equates with the described number that several put counting unit, described each put counting unit all to a display unit should be arranged, described each display unit is being represented a numerical digit, and the output that responsible correspondence is put input computational data, storage computational data and the operation result (comprising radix point) of counting unit or corresponding numerical digit shows; Described each put the counting unit display unit corresponding and be placed on keyboard or the panel on same the perpendicular line from top to bottom with it, form one and have two functional units of putting number and data presentation function simultaneously, this two functional unit is being represented a numerical digit, being responsible for putting of corresponding numerical digit counts and data presentation, a certain numerical digit put number and reading all carries out at two functional units of correspondence, and described each display unit equidistantly is being arranged on the same horizontal linear on keyboard or the panel.

5. the electronic calculator panel that makes things convenient for plus-minus method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described display unit by correspondence put counting unit all put several keys and form, it is described that all to put several keys be to be made by transparent or semitransparent material, its positioned inside has luminophor, this whole luminophor be according to output signal have or not have decision luminous or not luminous, the reading of described each two functional unit is by the luminous or non-luminous light and shade combination expression of putting several keys under it.

6. the electronic calculator panel that makes things convenient for plus-minus method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: include several radix point on described keyboard or the panel key is set, its number equates with the described number that several put counting unit, described each put counting unit all to should there being a radix point that key is set, this radix point is provided with the signal of key can determine to be placed into individual bit attribute function of the units in the number or the individual bit attribute function that correspondence is put counting unit; Described each radix point is provided with key and from left to right equidistantly is being arranged on keyboard or the panel on the same horizontal linear, and the centre distance that mutual next-door neighbour's radix point is provided with key equals next-door neighbour's the centre distance of putting counting unit mutually.

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