CN2750617Y

CN2750617Y - Intelligent controller for whole network electrified periphery-blocking security protection electric network

Info

Publication number: CN2750617Y
Application number: CN 200420097762
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李成友
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-11-15
Filing date: 2004-11-15
Publication date: 2006-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2014-11-15

Abstract

The utility model relates to an intelligent control device for a whole network electrified periphery-blocking security protection electric network, which is composed of a central controller (1), a charging control loop (2) connected with the central controller (1), a high voltage pulse generating circuit (3), a loop test loop (5), an alarm circuit (6), a display loop (7), a wire distributor (4), etc., wherein the charging control loop (2) is connected with the high voltage pulse generating circuit (3). One circuit of the high voltage output terminal of the high voltage pulse generating circuit (3) is directly connected with the loop test loop (5) by an electric network (8), and the other circuit is connected with the loop test loop (5) by the wire distributor (4) through the electric network (8). In addition, the utility model is directly grounded; accordingly, the utility model has the characteristics that the electric network (8) can be made to be whole electrified, blind angles can be thoroughly stopped and prevented, a wire of the electric network (8) is made to still and contiguously keep an electric shock function under the condition of short circuit by the display loop, and wire faults can be conveniently detected when the electric network (8) fails or during maintenance construction.

Description

The charged periphery of the whole network stops security protection electrical network intelligence controlling device

Technical field

The utility model is that peripheries such as a kind of residential quarters, industrial and mining enterprises, parking lot, warehouse, rural economy crop plant, airport, harbour, military installations stop that the charged periphery of the whole network that the security protection electrical network is used stops security protection electrical network intelligence controlling device, specifically a kind ofly apply low-energy high-voltage pulse by the security protection electrical network that stops that sets up at periphery, and make the whole network charged, the invador is blocked in outside the circumference, when the invador implements the intelligence controlling device that can give the alarm when invading.

Background technology

Existingly be used for the intelligent alarm device (being commonly called as main control system) that periphery stops the electrical network of security protection, because its design is unreasonable, in order to realize the warning function of electrical network under open circuit and short-circuit condition, always high-tension pulse is breasted the tape and the parallel backguy of ground wire, two lines that high-voltage output end is drawn: single line is a high-voltage pulse signal, another line is an earth signal, any single line open circuit or two line short circuits of electrical network, all undesired at the high-voltage signal that receiving terminal monitors, realize the function of warning in view of the above, but also there is following fatal shortcoming: 1, use existing intelligent alarm device that one road grid line ground connection is arranged, be actually uncharged, thereby exist the defence dead angle, with the four-wire system is example, be provided with the earth signal line between enclosure wall or ground and the charged high-voltage line and between two charged high-voltage lines, because of earth signal line ground connection, this line is uncharged, press national Specification, the distance on wire spacing and line and enclosure wall top or ground is 200mm, like this at the enclosure wall top or ground to the spacing that 400mm is just arranged between the charged high-voltage line, general people can get over; If the adjacent two line contact short circuits of 2 electrical networks, high-voltage pulse shorted to earth then, thus no longer have electric shock function; The warning that takes place when 3, the line failure of electrical network or maintenance are constructed can not clearly be pointed out warning reason.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide the charged periphery of a kind of the whole network to stop security protection electrical network intelligence controlling device (being main control system) for periphery stops the security protection electrical network, it can thoroughly stop to defend the dead angle, even grid line still can continue to keep electric shock function under the situation of short circuit, when breaking down or safeguard construction, electrical network makes things convenient for the inquiry of line fault.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme taked of the utility model is: be made up of central controller, charging control loop, high-voltage pulse generating circuit, deconcentrator, go-and-return test loop, alarm circuit, show circuit etc.Central controller connects with charging control loop, high-voltage pulse generating circuit, go-and-return test loop, alarm circuit, show circuit etc. respectively, the charging control loop is connected with high-voltage pulse generating circuit, the high-voltage output end of high-voltage pulse generating circuit is provided with two output lines, one of them output line directly connects with the go-and-return test loop by electrical network, and another output line connects with the go-and-return test loop through electrical network by deconcentrator earlier again.Central controller in the utility model and each loop, circuit are provided with directly grounded ground wire.

For sake of convenience, we call output I to the road output line that directly connects with electrical network in the high-voltage pulse generating circuit high-voltage output end, and the road output line that is connected with deconcentrator is called output II; Output I directly connects the loop that forms by electrical network and is called loop I with the go-and-return test loop, be called loop II and connect the loop that forms with the go-and-return test loop by electrical network again after exporting II and deconcentrator being connected.

Because output I directly connects with electrical network, output II then connects with electrical network by deconcentrator, and the direct ground connection of the utility model, is not by electrical network ground connection, thereby realizes the isolation of two high-pressure-loop, and full electric network is charged.

The go-and-return test loop is carried out following test respectively at the high voltage pulse discharging gap: whether loop I, loop II open a way, whether short circuit of loop I and loop II, and whether electrical network shorted to earth.

Because the utility model do not need to draw ground wire on loop I, the loop II, ground wire is directly to be drawn by the utility model, thereby the metal wire on the whole electrical network is high-voltage line entirely, and promptly the whole network is charged.

Between loop I and the earth, all be high impedance status between loop II and the earth, contact the grid line of loop I or the grid line of loop II separately, its shock energy is basic identical.Contact the grid line of loop I and loop II simultaneously, its shock energy is also also identical with independent contact road grid line wherein, does not increase.

Because of two loop electrical networks are high-voltage line, even if the mutual short circuit of two loop grid lines still keeps high-voltage pulse output.

Show circuit shows failure cause.

Therefore, the utlity model has and make electrical network the whole network charged, can thoroughly stop to defend the dead angle, even grid line still can keep electric shock function under short-circuit conditions, when breaking down or safeguard construction, electrical network makes things convenient for the characteristics such as inquiry of line fault.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the utility model circuit block diagram

Fig. 2 is the utility model circuit theory schematic diagram

Embodiment

As shown in drawings, the utility model is made up of central controller 1, charging control loop 2, high-voltage pulse generating circuit 3, deconcentrator 4, go-and-return test loop 5, alarm circuit 6, show circuit 7 etc.

Central controller 1 connects with charging control loop 2, high-voltage pulse generating circuit 3, go-and-return test loop 5, alarm circuit 6, show circuit 7, and charging control loop 2 connects with high-voltage pulse generating circuit 3; The high-voltage output end of high-voltage pulse generating circuit 3 is provided with two output lines (i.e. two high-voltage output ends), and present embodiment is an example to be used for the four-wire system electrical network, and high-voltage output end is provided with two output lines, promptly exports I, output II; The output I of high-voltage pulse generating circuit 3 directly connects with go-and-return test loop 5 by electrical network 8, form loop I: the output II of high-voltage pulse generating circuit 3 connects with deconcentrator 4, deconcentrator 4 connects with electrical network 8, promptly export II and pass through deconcentrator 4, connect with go-and-return test loop 5, form loop II through electrical network 8.

Central controller 1 is single-chip microcomputer IC1, and present embodiment adopts AT89C52.

The 2 main energy controls of being responsible for high pressure output pulse of charging control loop, consist predominantly of transformer T1, rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3, three terminal regulator U1, filter capacitor C2, C3, C5, N channel enhancement field effect transistor Q2, positive-negative-positive switch triode Q1, photoelectrical coupler D7, D8, open-collector buffering/driving tube IC6A, Schmidt trigger circuit IC5A, voltage comparator ic 4A, cement resistor R9, diode V1, nonpolarity electrochemical capacitor C9, elementary and other resistance of step-up transformer TF1, elements such as electric capacity, in the present embodiment: transformer T1 is the 220V input, is output as 180V, 13V, totally three groups of 13V; Rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3 are KBP210; Three terminal regulator U1 is 7812; The withstand voltage 450V of filter capacitor C2, capacity 470 μ f, C3 are withstand voltage 50V, capacity 1000 μ f, the withstand voltage 50V of C5, capacity 2200 μ f; The withstand voltage 450V of nonpolarity electrochemical capacitor C9, capacity 200 μ f; N channel enhancement field effect transistor Q2 is K2677; Open-collector buffering/driver IC 6A is 7407; Schmidt trigger circuit IC5A is 74LS14; Positive-negative-positive switch triode Q1 is A1013: voltage comparator ic 4A is LM393; Photoelectrical coupler D7, D8 are P521; Cement resistor R9 is 1K Ω/10W.

High-voltage pulse generating circuit 3 mainly is to produce high-voltage pulse signal, consists predominantly of single-phase silicon-controlled V4, step-up transformer TF1, photoelectrical coupler D9, open-collector buffering/driver IC 6B, nonpolarity electrochemical capacitor C9, positive-negative-positive switch triode Q3 and other resistance, electric capacity.Single-phase silicon-controlled V4 of the present utility model is KP10A; Photoelectrical coupler D9 is P521; Buffering/driver IC 6B is 7407; Positive-negative-positive switch triode Q3 is A1013; Nonpolarity electrochemical capacitor C9 and charge circuit 2 are shared.

Deconcentrator 4 mainly is to derive another road high-voltage pulse signal, and simultaneously for go-and-return test loop 5 provides path, it consists predominantly of high voltage silicon stack V5, V6 forms, and the present embodiment high voltage silicon stack requires: forward conduction voltage is greater than 13V, less than 15.5V during normally; Reverse breakdown is more than or equal to 20,000 volts; Conducting resistance is less than 100 Ω during normally; Present embodiment is 2CL54J200mA20KV.

Go-and-return test loop 5 mainly is the test of being responsible for the power network line state, includes positive-negative-positive switch triode Q4, Q5, Q6, NPN type switch triode Q7, photoelectrical coupler D10, D11, high voltage silicon stack V7, V8, V11, A/D converter IC2, integrated transporting discharging IC9A, Schmidt trigger circuit IC8A, IC8B, IC8D, open-collector buffering/driver IC 7A, IC7B, IC7C and other related elements.The positive-negative-positive switch triode Q4 of present embodiment, Q5, Q6 are A1013; NPN type switch triode is 2N5551, and photoelectrical coupler D10, D11 are P521; High voltage silicon stack V7, V8, V11 are 2CL54J200mA20KV; A/D converter IC2 is TLC0820CAN; Integrated transporting discharging IC9A is TLC2274; Schmidt trigger circuit IC8A, IC8B, IC8D are one and collect my circuit 74LS14; Open-collector buffering/driver IC 7A, IC7B, IC7C are an integrated circuit 7407; High voltage silicon stack V7, V8, V11 require same deconcentrator.

Alarm circuit 6 consists predominantly of piezoelectric buzzer B1, open-collector buffering/driver IC 6C, IC6D, Schmidt trigger circuit IC5B, relay R LY1 etc.The piezoelectric buzzer B1 of present embodiment is FS-D30025; Open-collector buffering/driver IC 6C, IC6D is 7407; Schmidt trigger circuit IC5B is 74LS14; Relay R LY1 is SRD-24VDC-SL-C.The output of reporting to the police is succeeded the electrical equipment normally closed contact, warning output short-circuit conducting during warning.

Show circuit 7 includes alarm indication module LKCM1, and present embodiment is SMS0301C.

Step-up transformer TF1: elementary 77 circles (∮ 0.5mm high pressure enamelled wire), secondary 3200 circles (∮ 0.12mm high pressure enamelled wire), magnetic core is UY16.

IC5A, IC5B are an integrated circuit 74LS14;

IC6A, IC6B, IC6C, IC6D are an integrated circuit 7407;

IC7A, IC7B, IC7C are an integrated circuit 7407;

IC8A, IC8B, IC8D are an integrated circuit 74LS14.

The present embodiment operation principle

When the utility model powered up, 7 pin of IC3 (X5045 has power supply monitoring and watchdog function) were exported a high level reset signal, and central controller IC1 resets, and the P0 mouth of ICI, P1 mouth, P2 mouth, P3 mouth are all exported high level.This moment, the 11st (p3.1) pin of IC1 was exported high level, 3 pin that this signal inputs to Schmidt trigger circuit IC5B through anti-phase from 4 pin output low levels, this signal inputs to 5 pin of buffering/driver IC 6 (IC6C), drive relay R LY1 adhesive from the output of 6 pin, report to the police and export A and B two wiring points open circuits (when not powering up, A and B two wiring point short circuits).4 pin (P1.3) the output high level of IC1, this signal is transported to 9 pin of IC6D, and from the output of 8 pin, buzzer B1 does not work.Initialization is finished.

During operate as normal:

At first 3 pin (P1.2) of central controller IC1 are exported a low level, 1 pin of drive IC 6A, make the 2 pin output low levels of IC6A, drive photoelectrical coupler D7 again, make the output transistor saturation conduction of D7, switch triode Q1 conducting, drive field effect transistor Q2 conducting, so the 180V of transformer T1 output exchanges level by rectifier bridge D1 rectification, after C2 filtering becomes DC level, pass through Q2 again, R9, V1, be nonpolarity electrochemical capacitor C9 charging, when charging voltage during greater than 180V, voltage stabilizing didoe V2 (180V/2W) conducting, this signal adds to 3 pin of voltage comparator ic 4A by R12 and R13 dividing potential drop, three terminal regulator U1 (7812) provides 12V power supply for 8 pin of IC4A, when the 3 pin current potentials of IC4A are higher than 2 pin current potentials (6V), 1 pin of IC4A becomes high level (being low level before the charging) with respect to 4 pin, the luminous tube no current of photoelectrical coupler D8 passes through, the output transistor of D8 is ended, 4 pin become high level, enter 1 pin of IC5A (74LS14), export from 2 pin through anti-phase, thereby interrupt signal input 12 pin (INT0) at central controller IC1 produce interrupt signal (marginal edge triggering), after central controller IC1 receives interrupt signal, from 3 pin (P1.2) output high level, charge closing loop.Guarantee that according to this voltage on the C9 is 192V～200V.

When arrive in discharge time, at 3 pin (P1.2) the output high level of central controller IC1, to guarantee the charge closing loop.1 pin (P1.0) output low level pulse signal (duration 15 is delicate) then, this signal is through 3 pin of IC6B, export from 4 pin, make electric current pass through the luminous tube of photoelectrical coupler D9, thereby the output transistor saturation conduction of D9, make positive-negative-positive switch triode Q3 conducting, for single-phase silicon-controlled V4 provides the triggering and conducting signal, capacitor C 9 is by single-phase silicon-controlled V4, the elementary discharge of step-up transformer TF1, make electric current flow through the elementary of step-up transformer TF1, the elementary moment of step-up transformer TF1 produces big electric current, (is lower than 10000V thereby produce high-voltage pulse between the step-up transformer time utmost point 4 pin and 3 pin, 4 pin just).3 pin of step-up transformer TF1 connect the earth.

(ceiling capacity of storage is 4 Jiao Er on the capacitor C 9, thereby the ceiling capacity of each high-voltage pulse is 4 Jiao Er: energy will damage human body greater than 9 joules)

During the C9 discharge, central controller IC1 makes 10 pin (P3.0) output low level, makes light-emitting diode V13 luminous, when time-delay 80ms charges for C9 again, it is luminous that central controller IC1 makes 10 pin (P3.0) output high level that light-emitting diode V13 is stopped, with the prompting discharge.Central controller IC1 control charge and discharge loop charge and discharge each second once.

Directly draw a line from 4 pin of step-up transformer TF1 and be loop I output, draw another road high pressure by high voltage silicon stack V5 (2CL54J200mA20KV) and be output as loop II high-voltage pulse is provided.

The high-voltage pulse signal of the output of loop I enters loop I signal input through electrical network; this signal is by high voltage silicon stack V8; again by R25 (20 megohm) and R26 (15K Ω) dividing potential drop; by entering 3 pin (voltage-stabiliser tube V10 plays the clamper protective effect) of operational amplifier IC9A after C23 (4700PF) decoupling; enter the input end of analog signal (pin one) of A/D converter IC2 (TLC0820CAN, 8) from 1 pin output; central controller IC1 control IC 2 is changed, and by P0 mouth (32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39 pin) reading numerical values.If loop I not open circuit level is very low then the electrical network shorted to earth is described.

Attention: R22, R25 will be with insulating cement (this example adopts 703 silicon rubber) sealing, in case discharge between pin.

In the gap (after 500 milliseconds) that high-voltage pulse produces, 22 pin (P2.1) output low level of central controller IC1, by driving positive-negative-positive switch triode Q4 from the output of 2 pin behind 1 pin of IC7A, make the Q4 conducting, then the 24V test voltage adds to R23 (200 ohm) by Q4.

If loop I connects normal, then the 24V test voltage is through the secondary ground that arrives of Q4 (A1013), R23, high voltage silicon stack V7, loop I grid line, step-up transformer TF1, the electric current that flows through R23 this moment makes the forward conduction voltage (about 1V) of the voltage of its two ends generation greater than the luminous tube of photoelectrical coupler D10, the output transistor saturation conduction of photoelectrical coupler D10,4 pin output low levels, by 3 pin of Schmidt trigger IC8B, anti-phase back is from 4 pin output high level.

(the step-up transformer secondary resistance is less than 500 ohm (actual measurement is about 400 Ω); Less than 15.5V (actual measurement is about 14.5V), conducting resistance is less than 100 ohm (actual measurement is about 60 Ω to conducting voltage during the high voltage silicon stack conducting) greater than 13V; Flow through electric current=(conducting voltage during 24V-high voltage silicon stack forward conduction) ÷ (conducting resistance+loop I electrical network resistance during step-up transformer TF1 secondary resistance+high voltage silicon stack conducting+R23) of R23.

If loop I open circuit, then no current passes through among the loop I, the electric current that flows through R23 is very little, its both end voltage deficiency is so that the luminous tube conducting of photoelectrical coupler D10, the output transistor of D10 ends, 4 pin of D10 are high level, and by 3 pin of Schmidt trigger IC8B, anti-phase back is from 4 pin output low levels.

4 pin of IC8B link to each other with 21 pin (P2.0) of central controller IC1.Central controller IC1 detects the 4 pin level of IC8B, if for low level then the loop I open circuit of electrical network is described.This loop-around test finishes, and 22 pin (P2.1) the output high level of central controller IC1 ends Q4, cuts off the 24V testing power supply.

27 pin (P2.6) output low level of IC1 by driving positive-negative-positive switch triode Q5 (A1013) from the output of 4 pin behind 3 pin of IC7B, makes the Q5 conducting then, and then the 24V test voltage adds to high voltage silicon stack V11 through Q5 (A1013), R28.Under the normal condition, because high voltage silicon stack V11 and V6 normally voltage sum are greater than 26V (greater than test voltage 24V), thereby V11 and V6 can not normallies, thereby the electric current that flows through R28 is very little, the R28 both end voltage can not make the luminous tube conducting of photoelectrical coupler D11 (P521), photoelectrical coupler D11 output transistor ends, and 4 pin of D11 are high level; If loop I and loop II short circuit then 24V voltage form path for TF1 time grade over the ground through Q5 (A1013), R28, high voltage silicon stack V11, loop II grid line, loop I grid line, step-up transformer, if short-circuit resistance is less than 1K ohm, then the voltage at R28 two ends is greater than the forward conduction voltage (about 1V) of the luminous tube of photoelectrical coupler D11, the output transistor saturation conduction of D11, thus make 4 pin of D11 become low level.The level signal of 4 pin of photoelectrical coupler D11 is by 1 pin of Schmidt trigger IC8A, anti-phase back exports 23 pin (P2.2) of IC1 to from 2 pin, central controller IC1 detects the 2 pin level of IC8A, if for high level then the loop I and the loop I short circuit of electrical network are described.

Test finishes, 27 pin (P2.6) the output high level of IC1, and Q5 ends, and cuts off the 24V testing power supply.Then, 28 pin (P2.7) output low level of central controller IC1, export high level by the anti-phase back of 9 pin of IC8D from 8 pin, again by exporting driving N PN type switch triode Q7 (2N5551) from 6 pin behind 5 pin of IC7C, make the Q7 conducting, then make the Q6 conducting, then the 39V test voltage is through Q6, R28 adds to high voltage silicon stack V11, because of the normally voltage sum (less than 31V) of 39V test voltage greater than V11 and V6, if loop II connects normal, then 39V voltage is through Q6 (A1013), R28, high voltage silicon stack V11, loop two grid lines, high voltage silicon stack V6, TF1 level of step-up transformer forms path over the ground, there is measuring current to pass through in the loop, the voltage at R28 two ends is greater than the forward conduction voltage (about 1V) of the luminous tube of photoelectrical coupler D11 (P521), the output transistor saturation conduction of D11, and 4 pin of D11 are low level; If loop II grid line open circuit, no current among the loop II then, the undertension at R28 two ends are so that the luminous tube conducting of photoelectrical coupler D11, and the output transistor of D11 ends, thereby 4 pin are high level.1 pin of level signal on 4 pin of D11 by Schmidt trigger IC8A, anti-phase back exports 23 pin (P2.2) of IC1 to from 2 pin, and central controller detects the 2 pin level of IC8A, if for low level then the loop II open circuit of electrical network is described.

Test finishes, 28 pin (P2.7) the output high level level of IC1, and Q7 ends, and Q6 is ended, and cuts off the 39V testing power supply.

Because the method for current sampling is adopted in go-and-return test, thereby antijamming capability is strong, rate of false alarm is extremely low.

Central controller all sends alarm signal when detecting loop I open circuit, loop II open circuit, loop I and loop II short circuit, the electrical network shorted to earth of electrical network: 4 pin (P1.3) the output low level signal of central controller IC1, by 9 pin of IC6D, drive the buzzer sounding from the output of 8 pin; 11 pin (P3.1) the output low level signal of while IC1, by executing close 3 pin of holding trigger IC5B, high level is exported from 4 pin in anti-phase back, exports from 6 pin by 5 pin of IC6C and makes no longer adhesive of relay.A, B two wiring point short circuit conductings.(when the utility model did not power up, relay also was in this state, thereby had the power down warning function), central controller IC1 drives LCD MODULE LCM1 demonstration failure cause simultaneously.

The utility model was sent out a high-voltage pulse in per 1 second, carried out a go-and-return test, after electrical network is normal, delayed time for 10 seconds, and 4 pin (P1.3) of IC1 and 11 pin (P3.1) recover high level, thereby close the output of reporting to the police.

Claims

1, the charged periphery of a kind of the whole network stops security protection electrical network intelligence controlling device, include central controller (1), charging control loop (2), high-voltage pulse generating circuit (3), alarm circuit (6), show circuit (7), it is characterized in that: also include deconcentrator (4), go-and-return test loop (5); Central controller (1) respectively with the charging control loop (2), high-voltage pulse generating circuit (3), go-and-return test loop (5), alarm circuit (6), show circuit (7) connects, charging control loop (2) connects with high-voltage pulse generating circuit (3), the high-voltage output end of high-voltage pulse generating circuit (3) is provided with two output lines, one of them output line directly connects with go-and-return test loop (5) by electrical network (8), another output line connects central controller (1) and each loop again by deconcentrator (4) earlier with go-and-return test loop (5) through electrical network (8), circuit is provided with directly grounded ground wire.

2, the charged periphery of the whole network according to claim 1 stops security protection electrical network intelligence controlling device, it is characterized in that described central controller (1) is single-chip microcomputer IC1.

3, the charged periphery of the whole network according to claim 1 stops security protection electrical network intelligence controlling device, it is characterized in that described charging control loop (2) includes the elementary of transformer T1, rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3, three terminal regulator U1, filter capacitor C2, N channel enhancement field effect transistor Q2, positive-negative-positive switch triode Q1, photoelectrical coupler D7, D8, open-collector buffering/driver IC 6A, Schmidt trigger circuit IC5A, voltage comparator ic 4A, cement resistor R9, diode V1, nonpolarity electrochemical capacitor C9, step-up transformer TF1.

4, the charged periphery of the whole network according to claim 1 stops security protection electrical network intelligence controlling device, it is characterized in that described high-voltage pulse generating circuit (3) includes single-phase silicon-controlled V4, step-up transformer TF1, photoelectrical coupler D9, open-collector buffering/driver IC 6B, nonpolarity electrochemical capacitor C9, positive-negative-positive switch triode Q3.

5, the charged periphery of the whole network according to claim 1 stops security protection electrical network intelligence controlling device, it is characterized in that described deconcentrator (4) includes high voltage silicon stack V5, V6.

6, the charged periphery of the whole network according to claim 1 stops security protection electrical network intelligence controlling device, it is characterized in that described go-and-return test loop (5) includes positive-negative-positive switch triode Q4, Q5, Q6, NPN type switch triode Q7, photoelectrical coupler D10, D11, high voltage silicon stack V7, V8, V11, A/D converter IC2, integrated transporting discharging IC9A, Schmidt trigger circuit IC8A, IC8B, IC8D, open-collector buffering/driver IC 7A, IC7B, IC7C.