CN2730472Y - Catalyst carrier and catalyst - Google Patents
Catalyst carrier and catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN2730472Y CN2730472Y CN 200420003438 CN200420003438U CN2730472Y CN 2730472 Y CN2730472 Y CN 2730472Y CN 200420003438 CN200420003438 CN 200420003438 CN 200420003438 U CN200420003438 U CN 200420003438U CN 2730472 Y CN2730472 Y CN 2730472Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a mescal-shaped catalyst carrier and catalyst. The appearance of the mescal-shaped catalyst carrier and catalyst is a ball shape on which a plurality of convex grooves are arranged along the radial direction. Compared with the ball-shaped and the clover-shaped catalysts prevailed in the prior industry, the catalyst carrier and catalyst with the appearance and structure has the advantages of large external surface area which can effectively eliminate the influence of diffusion, uniform whole accumulation, high void rate, and small resistance of the fluid. The sinuate channel network is formed by numerous small grooves, as the effect generated by cluttering numerous small ring cylinders. The mescal-shaped catalyst carrier and catalyst is particularly applied to the catalyst carrier and catalyst in the process of catalytic processing of the residual oil, the heavy distillate oil, etc.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the profile of a kind of catalyst carrier and catalyst, be applicable to catalyst carrier and catalyst in chemical industry, petrochemical industry and the petroleum refining industry, be particularly useful for catalyst carrier and catalyst as the HDM in the petroleum refining industry (HDM), hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogeneration (HDN) and hydrocracking processes such as (HC).
Background technology
Need to use the process of catalyst to account for more than 90% in modern chemical industry and petroleum refining industry, the process (use solid catalyst) of wherein using " fixed bed catalytic reactor " is dominate again.Reactant molecule will realization response on catalyst, at first will arrive the outer surface (being called external diffusion) of catalyst, and then enters in the hole of catalyst (being called interior diffusion).This shows that diffusion process has very important influence to catalytic process.
Industrial, the catalytic reaction of having only only a few is the chemical reaction of external diffusion control, and net that its used catalyst is an atresia (as the platinum guaze of preparing nitric acid by ammonia oxidation) or active component are the shell shaped catalysts that is distributed in the particle outer surface.Because the activated centre is at outer surface, and extremely active again, reactant molecule one is promptly finished reaction to the outer surface of catalyst, and the internal layer of catalyst does not work.The speed of whole catalytic reaction is controlled by external diffusion speed.
Most catalytic reactions requires to eliminate influence outer, interior diffusion process, because the endoporus of catalyst is only the real reactor of molecule.
For eliminating external diffusion, can adopt following way:
(1) flow velocity of raising reaction-ure fluid;
(2) external surface area of increase catalyst.
For breaking away from interior diffusion influence, two approach are arranged also:
(1) reduces the effective diameter of catalyst, i.e. granularity;
(2) aperture and the pore volume of increase catalyst.
Thus, the prerequisite outward appearance condition of industrial catalyst is clear and definite substantially, and they are:
(1) granularity is as much as possible little.But the resistance by its catalyst bed convection cell that constitutes can not be excessive, otherwise the flow velocity of reaction-ure fluid has not just increased.
(2) external surface area is big as much as possible.Therefore must select special-shaped catalyst.
(3) catalyst should have macropore, and high pore volume makes reactant molecule can enter realization response in the hole swimmingly.But this often makes the intensity of catalyst descend, and is difficult to use.
Existing various catalyst just in the selection of the mutual restriction of above-mentioned all factor development with derive out.Constitute their the normally various heat-resisting inorganic oxides of material, for example: aluminium oxide, silica, Alusil, zeolite, titanium oxide, carborundum, and their various compositions.
Early stage catalyst mostly is amorphous, cylindrical (being commonly called as bar shaped) and sheet.The latter is owing to require sintering temperature higher, and pore structure relatively poor (otherwise intensity is just low) has limited the scope of its use.Amorphous because the Taiyuan beginning is too lack of standardization, at present industrial seldom use.Columniform advantage is to be simple and easy to system, and production cost is low; Shortcoming is that the external surface area of each root bar is big inadequately with the ratio of volume, and the whole effect of piling up is also poor, and the resistance of catalyst bed is bigger.
At columniform deficiency, sphere is just arisen at the historic moment.The accumulation of spheric catalyst is good, the space evenly, abundant, bed resistance is less, the ratio of the external surface area of each ball and its volume exceeds 2.25 times than the columniform of length and equal diameters.
Along with improving constantly that catalyst performance is required, derived annulated column shape (Raschig ring) again from cylindrical, the latter has obvious raising than the bar shaped external surface area, and the resistance of catalyst bed descends to some extent.
In order to satisfy the needs of macromolecular reaction in the petroleum refining industry, the particle diameter of catalyst must further reduce, and when for example particle diameter was less than 3mm, central column had just gone wrong.At first be that outer wall is too thin, side pressure strength is very low, and is broken easily, is difficult to satisfy the needs of industrial production; Secondly, the size too moulding difficulty of hour catalyst obviously increases, and production cost rises, and mostly there are these weakness in many other special-shaped catalysts.Given this, gone out the cloverleaf pattern catalyst from cylindric evolution again.It becomes current most important a kind of catalyst appearance in petroleum refining industry's extensive use.Though the resistance of its external surface area and convection cell only between cylindrical and annulated column shape, get up after all easier than annulated column shape of processing, also its intensity is also much higher than annulated column shape.But cloverleaf pattern is as the mutation of bar, have natively pile up poor, significant disadvantages and deficiency such as resistance is big.
The profile that more than is cylinder shape catalyst develops, so, how about further develop from spheric catalyst?
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model promptly is to propose the form of deriving of a kind of spherical carrier of catalyst and catalyst, a kind of brand-new celestial being's spherical carrier of catalyst and catalyst that integrates the advantage of sphere, annulated column shape and cloverleaf pattern.
To achieve these goals, the utility model is taked following design: a kind of catalyst carrier, the outer surface of this catalyst carrier are celestial being's sphere, and warp-wise is distributed with some alternate fins (B) and groove (C) on the surface of ball.
The cut off diameter of this catalyst carrier ball (D) is 1～20mm.
The warp-wise fin number (n) that has on the outer surface of this catalyst carrier is 3～10.
In the described catalyst carrier, fin (B) cross sectional shape of position under the line can be the trapezoidal or crescent in bent limit.
In the described catalyst carrier, the trapezoidal size in bent limit by cut off diameter (D), corresponding central angle (θ) and rib height (h) determine that according to the difference of fin number (n), θ can select between 10 °～72 °, h can select between (0.20～0.50) D.
In the described catalyst carrier, the crescent size by cut off diameter (D), corresponding central angle (α) and isometrical within tangential circle diameter (d) determined, according to the difference of fin number (n), α can select between 30 °～120 °, and d can select between (0.2～0.5) D.
A kind of catalyst, the outer surface of this catalyst are celestial being's sphere, and warp-wise is distributed with some alternate fins (B) and groove (C) on the surface of ball.
The cut off diameter of this catalyst spheres (D) is 1～20mm.
The warp-wise fin number (n) that has on the outer surface of this catalyst is 3～10.
In described catalyst, fin (B) cross sectional shape of position under the line can be the trapezoidal or crescent in bent limit.
In described catalyst, the trapezoidal size in bent limit by cut off diameter (D), corresponding central angle (θ) and rib height (h) determine that according to the difference of fin number (n), θ can select between 10 °～72 °, h can select between (0.20～0.50) D.
In described catalyst, the crescent size by cut off diameter (D), corresponding central angle (α) and isometrical within tangential circle diameter (d) determine that according to the difference of fin number (n), α can select between 30 °～120 °, d can select between (0.2～0.5) D.
Catalyst carrier of the present utility model and catalyst, its profile are spherical, and warp-wise is distributed with some alternate fins (B) and groove (C) on the outer surface of ball, and this profile is quite like natural cactus with globular.Come compared with common sphere, annulated column shape and current very popular cloverleaf pattern catalyst, celestial being's spherical carrier of catalyst of the present utility model and catalyst have following characteristics:
1. compare with spheric catalyst.
Owing to have the groove of some warp-wises on the sphere, therefore this celestial being's spheric catalyst is than the spherical bigger external surface area that has, especially when they are piled up, the space except between common ball, the complicated network that countless minor grooves constitute, voidage is further improved, bed resistance is further descended, make further improving of air speed become possibility.
2. compare with the cloverleaf pattern catalyst.
Present commercially available cloverleaf pattern bar catalyst, normal length is 3～10mm, because different in size, makes the whole effect of piling up not satisfactory, occurs two kinds of extremities easily: build bridge or cross closs packing.The former makes and occurs many big and small cavities in the catalyst bed, makes the reaction logistics channel, short circuit etc. occur in catalyst bed; The latter makes the permeability of catalyst bed become bad, causes resistance excessive.The direct result of these two is that some catalyst are worked under little load, has reduced the service efficiency of catalyst; Phenomenons such as other catalyst turn round under excess load, and it is overheated to occur, and coking is too fast, too much, the service life of having reduced catalyst.
Celestial being's spheric catalyst of the present utility model, owing to be isometrical sphere, it is more more even than cloverleaf pattern to pile up the effect nature, because the voidage height, the convection cell resistance is littler naturally.It seems from certain visual angle, celestial being's sphere can be regarded the improvement of the leafy careless shape of equal length roughly as, its external surface area nature is than cloverleaf pattern horn of plenty more, the dispersion effect of convection cell is also better, therefore, to conduct heat, mass transfer is more favourable, can make catalyst give play to bigger usefulness, and can obtain longer life expectancy.
In order to reduce arch formation as far as possible, realize close filling mutually, the special machinery of having to during the cloverleaf pattern catalyst loading and unloading use.Even so, catalyst changeout more at every turn, the packing factor of catalyst reactor still is difficult to consistent, and this will bring inconvenience to technological operation.Celestial being's spheric catalyst is owing to be isometrical spherical the accumulation, and very even certainly, flowability so the loading and unloading catalyst is very convenient, needs special machinery.
3. compare with annulated column shape.
The utility model celestial being spheric catalyst, when piling up, the sinuate passage aisle network that countless balls surface minor groove constitutes, the effect that is produced when huddling just as numerous little cylindrical catalysts.Therefore, the utility model also has characteristics such as annulated column shape external surface area is big, and resistance is little.In addition, more there is annulated column shape to be difficult to the advantage of comparing.
(1) precedingly address, when particle diameter hour, the annular outer wall of cylindrical catalyst is too thin, side pressure strength is very low, and is broken easily, is difficult to stop industrial.And the utility model does not have this anxiety.
(2) when using spraying process, during by the preparing carriers catalyst since the outer surface of the utility model cactus with globular all be open wide exposed, so during spraying active component suspension, very convenient, the coating of appendix is very even on carrier.And annulated column shape has inside and outside two faces of cylinder, suitable difficulty be arranged spraying active component on the inner cylinder face, and active component coating also is difficult to uniformity on inside and outside two faces of cylinder.
Further specify the utility model below with reference to drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic appearance of the utility model celestial being spherical carrier of catalyst and catalyst.
Among the figure, the cut off diameter of ball is D, and its optimum range is D=1～20 (mm).The surface of ball has the fin (B) of some warp-wises and groove (C) to be spaced apart, its shape and big or small mutual restriction.After being the shape and big or small selecting of fin, the shape of groove and size are fixed thereupon.
Fig. 2 is the equator schematic cross-section of the fin of celestial being's spherical carrier of catalyst and catalyst surface.
As seen from the figure, the cross sectional shape of fin (B) is that bent limit is trapezoidal, and its size is by cut off diameter (D), and corresponding central angle (θ) and fin height (h) determine.According to the difference of rib number (n), θ can select between 10 °～72 °, and h can select between (0.20～0.50) D.
Fig. 3 is the equator schematic cross-section of the another kind of fin (B) of celestial being's spherical carrier of catalyst and catalyst.
Wherein, the cross sectional shape of fin is a crescent, and its size is by cut off diameter (D), and corresponding central angle (α) and isometrical inscribed circle diameter (d) determine.According to the difference of rib number (n), α can select between 30 °～120 °, and d can select between (0.20～0.50) D.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view by cloverleaf pattern (N) catalyst carrier (comparative example N) of patent ZL01211252.6 design.
The specific embodiment
Table 1 has been listed the macroscopic view of an embodiment of the utility model (P) and has been piled up parameter, and contrasts with two comparative examples of cloverleaf pattern (N) with spherical (M).
The accumulation character of three kinds of shape catalyst carriers of table 1.
| Sample and shape | Single-grained structure parameter (mm) | Macroscopic view is piled up parameter | ||||
| Volume (ml) | Voidage (%, v/v) | |||||
| During the pine heap | During tight the heap | During the pine heap | During tight the heap | |||
| Comparative example M | Spherical | 2.5 | 100 | 98 | 37.0 | 35.6 |
| Comparative example N | Cloverleaf pattern | D＝2.5，d＝1.25 L＝3～8 | 100 | 88 | 45.1 | 36.7 |
| Embodiment P | Celestial being's sphere | D＝2.5，h＝0.6 n＝6，θ＝30° | 100 | 96 | 41.0 | 38.8 |
In the table, the pine heap is meant the accumulation of the random free-falling formation of particle; Tight heap is meant piles the attitude reality of constantly buying wholesale with pine, no longer reduces until its volume.The definition of voidage is to pile up the intergranular pore volume of attitude and the ratio of particle packing volume.
Three kinds of difform Al in the table
2O
3Carrier is with identical raw material and proportioning, and is obtained through different moulding process.Wherein, cloverleaf pattern (P) is that design by patent ZL01211252.6 makes.Cut off diameter D is 2.5 (mm), the crescent moon that the roundlet that three leaves are d=1.25 (mm) constitutes.But length L then with reference to the specification of present commercially available clover catalyst, is got L=3～8mm (random distribution).
Spherical (M) and the utility model embodiment (P) then coagulate method moulding (green star company proprietary technology) by continuous high die casting fast.The Al of embodiment
2O
3Support shapes as shown in Figure 2, wherein, cut off diameter D=2.5mm, the cross sectional shape of protruding stupefied (B) are that bent limit is trapezoidal, protruding stupefied number is 6, θ=30 °, h=0.6 (mm).
By data in the table as can be known:
(1) to spherical (M) and celestial being's sphere (P) carrier, volume when pine heap and tight heap only differs 2～4%, the accumulation that the two is described is very even, reasonable, can make catalyst reach stable stacking states rapidly, avoid catalyst hot-spot and excess load, thereby help the running that catalyst is realized efficient stable.The pine heap of cloverleaf pattern carrier (N) differs 12% with tight heap volume, shows that wherein bridge formation is serious.In use this unsure state can constantly change, and causes bed resistance and changes thereupon, and then influence the stable of catalyst reaction performance.
Voidage when (2) the utility model celestial being ball type carrier is tightly piled is higher by 3.2% than sphere, and is higher by 2.1% than trefoil, this means the fixed bed that is loaded by it, and the resistance of convection cell will be littler.The energy consumption that this helps the process that reduces on the one hand reduces the impact damage to catalyst, thereby helps prolonging its service life.On the other hand, bigger voidage for the air speed that the improves catalytic bed condition of providing convenience, as long as the active component catalytic efficiency is got caught up in, just can improve air speed, thereby improve the production capacity of reactor.
Claims (12)
1. a catalyst carrier is characterized in that the outer surface of this catalyst carrier is celestial being's sphere, and warp-wise is distributed with some alternate fins (B) and groove (C) on the surface of ball.
2. by the described catalyst carrier of claim 1, it is characterized in that the cut off diameter (D) of this catalyst carrier ball is 1～20mm.
3. by the described catalyst carrier of claim 1, it is characterized in that the warp-wise fin number (n) that has on the outer surface of this catalyst carrier is 3～10.
4. by the described catalyst carrier of claim 1, it is characterized in that fin (B) under the line the cross sectional shape of position can be the trapezoidal or crescent in bent limit.
5. by the described catalyst carrier of claim 4, it is characterized in that the trapezoidal size in bent limit is determined by cut off diameter (D), corresponding central angle (θ) and rib height (h), according to the difference of fin number (n), θ can select between 10 °～72 °, and h can select between (0.20～0.50) D.
6. by the described catalyst carrier of claim 4, it is characterized in that the crescent size by cut off diameter (D), corresponding central angle (α) and isometrical within tangential circle diameter (d) determined, difference according to fin number (n), α can select between 30 °～120 °, and d can select between (0.2～0.5) D.
7. a catalyst is characterized in that the outer surface of this catalyst is celestial being's sphere, and warp-wise is distributed with some alternate fins (B) and groove (C) on the surface of ball.
8. by the described catalyst of claim 7, it is characterized in that the cut off diameter (D) of this catalyst spheres is 1～20mm.
9. by the described catalyst of claim 7, it is characterized in that the warp-wise fin number (n) that has on the outer surface of this catalyst is 3～10.
10. by the described catalyst of claim 7, it is characterized in that fin (B) under the line the cross sectional shape of position can be the trapezoidal or crescent in bent limit.
11. by the described catalyst of claim 10, it is characterized in that the trapezoidal size in bent limit is determined by cut off diameter (D), corresponding central angle (θ) and rib height (h), according to the difference of fin number (n), θ can select between 10 °～72 °, and h can select between (0.20～0.50) D.
12. by the described catalyst of claim 10, it is characterized in that the crescent size by cut off diameter (D), corresponding central angle (α) and isometrical within tangential circle diameter (d) determined, difference according to fin number (n), α can select between 30 °～120 °, and d can select between (0.2～0.5) D.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200420003438 CN2730472Y (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2004-02-11 | Catalyst carrier and catalyst |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200420003438 CN2730472Y (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2004-02-11 | Catalyst carrier and catalyst |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2730472Y true CN2730472Y (en) | 2005-10-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 200420003438 Expired - Lifetime CN2730472Y (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2004-02-11 | Catalyst carrier and catalyst |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101648149B (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-08-31 | 邢台旭阳煤化工有限公司 | High-activity low-dropout hydrofining catalyst of coking crude benzene |
| CN101428241B (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2011-09-14 | 中国人民解放军防化指挥工程学院 | Flower globular catalyst for ethyl alcohol water vapour pre-reforming hydrogen production and production method thereof |
| CN109046343A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 陕西瑞科新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of platinized asbestos catalyst spheres and preparation method thereof for gas phase hydrogenation |
-
2004
- 2004-02-11 CN CN 200420003438 patent/CN2730472Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101428241B (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2011-09-14 | 中国人民解放军防化指挥工程学院 | Flower globular catalyst for ethyl alcohol water vapour pre-reforming hydrogen production and production method thereof |
| CN101648149B (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-08-31 | 邢台旭阳煤化工有限公司 | High-activity low-dropout hydrofining catalyst of coking crude benzene |
| CN109046343A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 陕西瑞科新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of platinized asbestos catalyst spheres and preparation method thereof for gas phase hydrogenation |
| CN109046343B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2021-07-13 | 陕西瑞科新材料股份有限公司 | Platinum asbestos catalyst ball for gas phase hydrogenation and preparation method thereof |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Expiration termination date: 20140211 Granted publication date: 20051005 |
|
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |