CN2683022Y - Color anomalopia chromatopsia quantitative detector - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an apparatus used for detecting whether the color sense of human bodies are normal, comprising a computer PC, a CRT display device with color and high performance, a human eye scaling system with photoelectric standard, a special replying keyboard, a printer, a shading hood and a lower chin supporter. The video signal produced by the computer PC is sent to the CRT display device with color and high performance, and the output of the print command is sent to the printer. An automatic detection signal produced by the human eye scaling system with photoelectric standard is sent to the data interface of the computer PC; The signal output terminals of the special replying keyboard is connected with the interface of the keyboard input. Firstly, the utility model has an advantage of achieving the physical quantitative detection of psychology for the people whose color senses are not normal by the full-automatic machine control; secondly, the distinguished threshold level of the color sense from the confusion line of neutral grey along red-green and yellow-blue to the direction of red, green, blue and yellow can be obtained by once measure, establishing the corresponding relationship of normal color sense, color blindness, color weakness and others with the various levels of color weakness. As a result, the quantitative detection by automatic for the abnormality of color sense can be achieved.

Description

Color anomalopia chromatopsia detection by quantitative instrument

Technical field:

Whether normally this utility model relates to a kind of human body colour vision instrument that is used for, and belongs to medical treatment detection device and makes the field.

Background technology:

At present the inspection method of color anomalopia chromatopsia mainly contains color mixture device algoscopy, and the operation principle of this instrument is based on the color of Rayleigh and mixes matching equation: red (R)+green (B)=Huang (Y), and promptly HONGGUANG is mixed with green glow and can be matched gold-tinted.Two half field-of-views about the circular observation window of this color anomalopia chromatopsia somascope is divided into directly provide gold-tinted in the right half field-of-view, its brightness (lightness) is adjustable; HONGGUANG and green glow are then throwed in the half society field simultaneously in a left side, and what therefore show in the in fact left half field-of-view is the secondary colour of HONGGUANG and green glow.For the polychromate, both can offer an explanation colors such as red, green, yellow simultaneously, also can match gold-tinted with the HONGGUANG and the green glow mixing of proper proportion, two half field-of-views is yellow in full accord about finally seeing.And, may can not normally offer an explanation redness, green or yellow to anomalous colour vision, can not perhaps promptly enable to match gold-tinted, but used HONGGUANG and green glow be out of proportion with red light and green light coupling sodium yellow with HONGGUANG and green glow.Degree out of proportion depends on the order of severity of color weakness or achromatopsia, need more green just can match yellow as the deuteranomal, the protan needs more red, the dichromat can go out gold-tinted with the HONGGUANG and the green glow mixing " coupling " of any ratio, but in fact be not color matching truly, and just the gray scale of impression is identical.Red light wavelength in the Nagel type color anomalopia chromatopsia somascope (color mixture device) the earliest is 670nm, and green glow and yellow wavelengths are used in 35nm and 589.3nm respectively.The wavelength that the color mixture device of practicability adopts is 670.8nm (red), 546 (green) and 589.3nm (Huang).This instrument is mainly used in checks red, deuteranomalia and achromatopsia, and the color matching mode is fixed, measurement result has bigger dependency to hardware such as operating process and light sources, individual factors such as measured's color faculty of understanding and schooling also there is certain dependency, so the objectivity and the effectiveness of testing result are affected, this method can not directly be measured unusually to blue (purple) colour vision person in addition.

Summary of the invention:

Purpose of design: adopt computer-controlled color CRT display simulates color emulation technology, design a kind of brand-new computer control color anomalopia chromatopsia automatic ration detector.

Design: this utility model mainly partly is made up of master computer PC, high-performance true color CRT monitor, photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system, specific response keyboard, printer, shade and following Hubei Province bracing frame etc., distance between human eye and the color stimulus (viewing distance) is 50cm, mainly comprises functional modules compositions such as the photochromic parameter auto-scaling of display, the emulation demonstration of computer mould mimic colouration and color discrimination characteristic psychological physic quantitative test on function.Its technical scheme: Hubei Province bracing frame was formed under color anomalopia chromatopsia detection by quantitative instrument was reached by computer PC, high-performance color CRT monitor, photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system, specific response keyboard, printer, shade, the video signal of computer PC output to the print command of high-performance color CRT display, output to printer, the automatic detection signal that photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system detects is to the data-interface of computer PC, and the signal output part of specific response keyboard is to the keyboard input interface of computer PC.Photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system is amplified with signal processing such as A/D conversion and collecting unit, PC interface and modules such as data communication and power supply unit by the photochromic pick off of spectrum three value of irritating curves, photosignal and constitutes, the photosignal that the color that the photochromic pick off of colourity type of spectrum three value of irritating curves obtains from the color CRT scope face irritates, amplify fast and the A/D conversion through high accuracy, read in the digital signal that is collected by microprocessor system, the line data of going forward side by side carries out data communication via serial line interface and host PC after handling; The specific response keyboard carries out monitoring management by microprocessor, and shared serial line interface RS-232 and the host communication of utilization, its keyboard special comprises beginning/termination, upper left, lower-left, upper right, bottom right and equal mutually dedicated button, is respectively applied for to start and end colour vision threshold value test process, reply the test color and irritate four little square color lump positions, place and can't debate other color button when irritating color lump.The photochromic pick off of spectrum three value of irritating curves comprises X, Y, three Color Channels of Z, the photosignal of its output carries out current-voltage conversion (A1) and voltage amplification (A2) by No. three amplifying circuits respectively, convert digital signal through the analog voltage signal that amplifies to by multichannel high resolution A/D changer, make three road photosignals under the control of microprocessor system, read in the secondary single-chip microcomputer exactly, microprocessor system reads in the photoelectric figure signal goes forward side by side after line data handles, the result is delivered to master computer PC by serial line interface RS-232, thereby finish a photoelectricity gatherer process of colouring information; The photometric and chromatric scaling system of photoelectric sensor response characteristic is stored in scaling system inside automatically based on I ²The erasable read only memory E that removes of C bus ²Among the PROM, the RESET circuit provides reliable power-on reset signal for microprocessor system, and external crystal oscillation circuit OSC resets and external crystal oscillation circuit (RST ﹠amp for Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system provides work clock accurately; OSC), the erasable read only memory (E that removes ²PROM) etc. peripheral circuit and single-chip microcomputer main body chip CPU form the microprocessor microcontroller system in the lump.Its detection design method: as mentioned above, at first R, G, the B three-color phosphor characteristics of luminescence of color CRT display are measured and analyzed, set up the mathematical model of its gamma curve, utilize the chromaticity coordinate of the exciting characteristic of R, G, the trichroism electron gun of B and three-color phosphor to constitute eigenmatrix between trichroism buffer colors input value and the CIE standard colorimetric system and emulation that mapping relations realize color shows.The photometric and chromatric of photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system is proofreaied and correct with test and is comprised debugging of photoelectricity scaling system and color signal generator, at first with high accuracy color luminance meter or the spectrophotometer of being with telescopic system, three the chrominance channel photoelectric sensors of X, Y, Z that meet (CIE) standard spectrum three value of irritating curves in the photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system are carried out photometric and chromatric proofread and correct, correction factor deposits scaling system inside in automatically based on I ²The erasable read only memory E that removes of C bus ²Among the PROM, parameter is separated, next central cross line index that utilizes the color signal generator to provide aims at standard spectrum photometer and photoelectricity control head respectively and is positioned the central authorities of CRT screen, be arranged to the color of screen white as required then, black, red, yellow, green, various monochromes such as indigo plant or colour mixture, and measure the colorimetric parameter (three values of irritating or chromaticity coordinate) of this screen color with the standard spectrum photometer, then, photoelectric probe is aimed at screen, measure the signal that CRT goes up the calibration color that shows by debugging of photoelectricity scaling system and correction software, should calibrate in the color parameter input specify text frame, calculate the correction factor of each chrominance channel voluntarily by software function, at last, via the serial communication between the microprocessor of main frame and photoelectricity scaling system photochromic correction coefficient is passed to the secondary microcomputer, and deposit scaling system inside automatically in based on I ²The erasable read only memory E that removes of C bus ²Among the PROM, carry out GAMA timing signal real-time calling in order to system; Computer mould mimic colouration emulation display module is based on the calibration mathematical model of color CRT display R, G, B three-color phosphor colorimetric parameter and γ characteristic thereof, set up the trichroism buffer numeral of CRT input value (LUT-R according to the standard of the computer-controlled CRT monitor colorimetric properties calibration of CIE, LUT-G, LUT-B) and transformation model between the CIE-XYZ parameter and eigenmatrix, that is:

Wherein (Lum-R, Lum-G, Lum-B)=(L _R, L _G, L _B) luminosity of expression R, G, B three-color phosphor, according to the calibration parameter of fluorescent material can determine target Show Color three values of irritating (X, Y, Z) and the mappings characteristics matrix A between the three-color phosphor luminosity:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]=A\left[\begin{array}{c}{L}_R\\ L_G\\ L_B\end{array}\right]$ Or $\left[\begin{array}{c}{L}_R\\ L_G\\ L_B\end{array}\right]=A^{-1}\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]$

That can obtain required R, G, B electron gun thus excites brightness (L _R, L _G, L _B), according to the mathematical model of the determined gamma curve of CRT input and output calibrations characteristic:

Or

L _BLUT-B LUT-B L _BOr to obtain the color of display requirement irritates needed trichroism buffer numeral input parameter (LUT-R on CRT, LUT-G, LUT-B), finally reach on conventional color CRT display fidelity and reproduce the simulation color copying that color with requirement brightness and colourity irritates; Utilize the photometric and chromatric of photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system to proofread and correct the color that shows appointment CIE1931 chromaticity coordinate X, Y and brightness coefficient Y with test module at CRT, test and verify color reproduction result's accuracy and reliability thus, comprising the various factorss such as quality of the science of Simulation of Color algorithm, CRT monitor γ calibration and gauged effectiveness and the development properties of CRT own.GAMA demarcates, input value with R, G, the trichroism digit buffer of B is made as 0 at first respectively, 1,2,3,225, then by photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system measure automatically every group of color excitation input value luminosity Lum-R, Lum-G, the Lum-B of corresponding screen display color, set up (LUT-R thus, LUT-GLUT-B) with (Lum-R, Lum-G, Lum-B) the corresponding relation LUT between, in above-mentioned γ characteristic test, independent three value of the irritating (X when luminous of R, G, B three-color phosphor have been obtained by three chrominance channels of X, Y, Z of photoelectricity scaling system _R, Y _R, Z _R), (X _G, Y _G, Z _G), (X _B, Y _B, Z _B), and calculate the chromaticity coordinate (X of three-color phosphor _R, Y _R), (X _G, Y _G), (X _B, Y _B), thereby determine that (Z) and the mappings characteristics matrix between the three-color phosphor luminosity, that obtains required R, G, B electron gun thus excites brightness (L for X, Y for three values of irritating of color of object _R, L _G, L _B), again according to the determined gamma curve mathematical model of CRT input and output calibration characteristic, can obtain on CRT the color of display requirement and irritate needed trichroism buffer numeral input parameter (LUT-R, LUT-G, LUT-B), finally reach on conventional color CRT display fidelity and reproduce the simulation color copying that color with requirement brightness and colourity number irritates.Test irritates by four 1 ° * 1 ° matrix pattern color lumps that little square is formed that are in the CRT monitor centre, have between each little square color lump and be no more than 0.1 ° of little separation of black that the visual angle is wide, four little square color lump groups are separated by the dark border at about 0.1 ° of visual angle and the background at its place, thereby fully suppress because of the caused lightness contrast sensitivity of the radio-frequency component of color lump boundary, make and debate in other psychological physic mechanism color contrast sensitivity in color and occupy an leading position, detect with the accurate quantification that reaches the colour vision characteristic.Test irritates and adopts the interval condition in the procedure for displaying, be time period and two the black intervals that comprise two display background colors in the one-period, be in the beginning and the finish time that test irritates demonstration respectively, in the black interval time, the luminous blank screen that is cut to that comprises the All Ranges that test that the little square color lump of background colour and four is formed irritates, have only peripheral bright frame to continue to show, so that the complete adaptive state that the observer keeps dialogue color temperature point rather than test to irritate always.The psychological physic assay method is the staggered staircase method of distortion, one group that is included in simultaneously on four color direction in a ladder irritates, and has display order at random, in stagewise initial revolution compromise, at first show the step-length that (trichromat) obviously can debate, systematically reduce the modulation step-length of each color distance then, reach certain marginal value until it, thereby form effectively vibration convergence process, and produce revolution break about ten times, at last handle the observer automatically and reply record what each oblatio color irritated by computer software, and solve corresponding all directions debate the color threshold values.

This utility model is compared with background technology, and 1, the machine of having realized controls the psychological physic detection by quantitative of full-automatic color anomalopia chromatopsia.2, can obtain from neutral ash (Gray) along red-green (Red-Green) by one-shot measurement and Huang-indigo plant (Yellow-Blue) color confuses the colour vision-identification threshold value (colour vision tolerance value) of alignment redness (Red), green (Green), blueness (Blue), yellow (Yellow) direction.3, provide colour threshold colourity sketch map on redness (Red), green (Green), blue (Blue), yellow (Yellow) visual direction, be simultaneously displayed on chromatic threshold pH-value determination pH Δ R, Δ G, Δ B, Δ Y and Δ E as a result in the even color space of CIE1931 colorimeter system and CIE1976 _R, Δ E _G, Δ E _B, Δ E _yAnd relative quantity (ratio) Δ R/ Δ G, Δ Y/ Δ B and the Δ E of colour threshold on red and green, yellow and the blue visual direction _R/ Δ E _G, Δ Ey/ Δ E _B, set up the corresponding relation of, achromatopsia normal and various different color weakness degree thus, thereby realize the automatic ration detection of color anomalopia chromatopsia with clinically colour vision.4, tester's identity (as name, precious number of door, case history card number etc.) for information about and the various process datas such as initial and concluding time that detect date and test be recorded in automatically in the testing result, and can the various test result data of printout.5, have two kinds of patterns of DCO detailed checkout (classification is meticulous, the time is longer) and test fast (time is short, classification is thick slightly), can freely select for use by the user, to adapt to different detected objects and classification requirement.6,, the time (is unit with the second) of dark adaptation and brightness adaptation can be set voluntarily by the user, thereby effectively improve detection efficiency according to detected object and requirement.7, at the difference of the different schooling of the quilt person of testing or know-how, the inferior individual factor of age level, designed the training test module before the actual Validity Test module in test process, and can set up frequency of training on their own by the user, fully guarantee the precision and the effectiveness that detect.8, the operation interface close friend in the testing process has complete Chinese picture and text guiding in real time information, and provides the standard mandarin voice to guide explanation, effectively avoids maloperation.9, all result data files that in the past detected are kept on the hard disc of computer automatically, and can retrieve and consult these history archives at any time.10, the photochromic parameter auto-scaling of color CRT display, guarantee on the color CRT display, can accurately show in real time that the color stimulus with requirement brightness and colorimetric parameter to carry out the quantitative test of color discrimination characteristic, reaches computer mould mimic colouration emulation display-object.11, realize the automatic mensuration of color CRT display R, G, the B three-color phosphor characteristics of luminescence and chromaticity coordinate by photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system, and R, G, the trichroism electron gun gamma curve of B carried out from dynamic(al) correction, can regularly carry out photochromism voluntarily by the user thus and change the error of being brought the color CRT display, make the test result of instrument accurately reliable, and have secular stability.12, have the diagram function that color CRT display R, G, the B three-color phosphor characteristics of luminescence and trichroism electron gun gamma curve are proofreaied and correct the result, can confirm storage update or consult at any time.13, utilize the system test module, and by high accuracy color luminance meter or the spectrophotometer (purchasing in addition) of being with telescopic system, the colourity type photoelectric sensor that meets International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standard spectrum tristimulus values curve in the photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system is carried out photometric and chromatric proofread and correct, correction factor deposits scaling system inside in automatically based on I ²The erasable read only memory E that removes of C bus ²Among the PROM, thereby parameter is separated, but have any configuration and assembleability, for production, debugging and the maintenance of instrument provides flexibility and convenience.14, show that the color CRT display of testing color stimulus needs the preheating time more than 1 hour before entering actual detected; but can not cause the space discordance of CRT fluorescent screen colour developing or the reduction of excitation because of showing fixed pattern; so this instrument is provided with the screen saver function of uniform translation black and white strip, to satisfy after start before the actual detected and the special protection needs of CRT fluorescent screen between homogeneous detects.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of color anomalopia chromatopsia detection by quantitative instrument.

Fig. 2 is a photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system sketch map.

Fig. 3 is that red-the green and yellow-blue color of test confuses the line sketch map.

Fig. 4 is a CIE1931 standard colorimetric observer spectral tristimulus value curve.

Fig. 5 is a photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system electrical principle sketch map.

The specific embodiment:

Color anomalopia chromatopsia detection by quantitative instrument is made up of computer PC 6, high-performance color CRT monitor 1, photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system 7, specific response keyboard 4, printer 5, shade and 2 times Hubei Province bracing frames 3, the video signal of computer PC 6 output to the print command of high-performance color CRT display 1, output to printer 5, the automatic detection signal that photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system 7 detects is to the data-interface of computer PC 6, the signal output part of specific response keyboard 4 is to the keyboard input interface of computer PC 6, referring to attached Fig. 1 and 2.

One, photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system: have the color stimulus of requirement brightness and colorimetric parameter to carry out the quantitative test of color discrimination characteristic in order on the color CRT display, to show, must measure and analyze R, G, the B three-color phosphor characteristics of luminescence of color CRT, set up the mathematical character model of its gamma curve, and the chromaticity coordinate that utilizes the exciting characteristic of R, G, the trichroism electron gun of B and three-color phosphor constitutes eigenmatrix and mapping relations thereof between trichroism buffer colors input value and the CIE standard colorimetric system, thereby the emulation that realizes color shows.

Two, counting machine simulation color emulation display module: utilize calibration mathematical model based on color CRT display R, G, B three-color phosphor colorimetric parameter and γ characteristic thereof, according to the guiding work standard (Guide tocharacterizing the colorimetry of computer-controlled CRTdisplays) of CIE about computer-controlled CRT monitor colorimetric properties calibration, set up the trichroism buffer numeral of CRT input value (LUT_R, LUT_G, LUT_B) and transformation model between the CIE-XYZ parameter and eigenmatrix thereof, promptly

Wherein (Lum_R, Lum_G, Lum_B)=(L _R, L _G, L _B) luminosity of expression R, G, B three-color phosphor.According to the calibration parameter of fluorescent material can determine target Show Color tristimulus values (X, Y, Z) and the mappings characteristics matrix A between the three-color phosphor luminosity:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]=A\left[\begin{array}{c}{L}_R\\ L_G\\ L_B\end{array}\right]$ Or $\left[\begin{array}{c}{L}_R\\ L_G\\ L_B\end{array}\right]=A^{-1}\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]---\left(2\right)$

That can obtain required R, G, B electron gun thus excites brightness (L _R, L _G, L _B), again according to the mathematical model of the determined gamma curve of CRT input and output calibrations characteristic:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{L}_R\\ L_G\\ L_B\end{array}\right]=f\left[\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{LUT}\_R\\ \mathrm{LUT}\_G\\ \mathrm{LUT}\_B\end{array}\right]$ Or $\left[\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{LUT}\_R\\ \mathrm{LUT}\_G\\ \mathrm{LUT}\_B\end{array}\right]=f^{-1}\left[\begin{array}{c}{L}_R\\ L_G\\ L_B\end{array}\right]---\left(3\right)$

Can obtain to be the needed trichroism buffer numeral input parameter (LUT_R of the color stimulus of display requirement on CRT, LUT_G, LUT_B), finally reach the simulation color copying that on conventional color CRT display fidelity reproduces the color stimulus with requirement brightness and colorimetric parameter.

Three, color is debated other characteristic psychological physic quantitative test module: 1. color stimulus: based on the theory of color vision, with reference to the guidance standard of International Commission on Illumination (CIE) about color discrimination and aberration research, confuse the calculating and the analysis of line by-green (R/G) red and Huang-indigo plant (Y/B) color to respectively organizing on the CIE1931 chromaticity diagram, select its intersection point just in time to be in chromaticity diagram center (x=0.333, y=0.333) a pair of red-green (R/G) and Huang-indigo plant (Y/B) color confuse the differentiation track of line as the test color stimulus, and definite neutral ash of its intersection point (Gray) is the color center (color center) of colour vision mensuration, and these two colors confuse just quadrature (as shown in Figure 3) of line, and calculating for colour vision test and colourity provides rationally parameter and conveniently path reliably.Simultaneously, the special stimulation pattern (stimulus pattern) of design carries out the detection by quantitative and the analysis of human eye colour vision characteristic according to the psychological physic method of testing of the current international practice.2. steric requirements: testing stimulus (test stimulus) is had between each little square color lump to be no more than 0.1 ° of little separation of black that the visual angle is wide by four 1 ° * 1 ° matrix pattern color lumps that little square is formed that are in the CRT monitor centre; Four little square color lump groups are separated by the dark border at about 0.1 ° of visual angle and the background colour at its place (background), thereby fully suppress because of the caused lightness contrast sensitivity of the radio-frequency component of color lump boundary, color contrast sensitivity is occupied an leading position, detect with the accurate quantification that reaches the colour vision characteristic.Background colour is arranged to the neutral ash of selected center color (center color), and is surrounded by a bright frame (bright bord).The brightness of this bright frame is made as the maximum brightness such as the 100cd/m that can show in CRT colour gamut (color gamut) scope ², and have the chromaticity index of CIE D65 standard illuminants.This " white " bright frame makes CRT go up stimulation energy analogies body surface complexions (surface color) or the related color (related color) rather than the aperture colour (aperture color) originally of demonstration, has defined the white warm spot of stimulating image simultaneously.3. time response: adopt the interval condition in the testing stimulus procedure for displaying, promptly comprise time period and two black intervals of two display background colors in the one-period, be in the beginning and the finish time that testing stimulus shows respectively.In the black interval time, the luminous blank screen that is cut to that comprises the All Ranges of the testing stimulus that the little square color lump of background colour and four is formed, have only peripheral bright frame to continue to show, so that the observer keeps the complete adaptive state of dialogue color temperature point rather than testing stimulus always.4. assay method: at present, the main psychological physics assay method that is widely adopted in the visual science research has adjustment method, staircase method or goes up purgation, constant stimulus method or the like in the world.In native system, confuse color discrimination threshold value line tracking on to directions such as redness, green, blueness, yellow along color in order can be objective to measure reliably from neutral ash, the employing staircase method carries out the actual test of chromatic discrimination power.The test process of colour threshold is to carry out under the dark room conditions that shields extraneous veiling glare fully.For fear of caused observer possible judgement deviation or conjecture by the display order of testing stimulus, native system is improved traditional staircase method, forms the staggered staircase method of distortion.Be included in one group of stimulation on four color direction in ladder simultaneously, and have oblatio order at random.In stagewise initial revolution compromise, at first show the step-length that (trichromat) obviously can distinguish, systematically reduce the modulation step-length of each color distance then, reach certain marginal value until it, thereby form effectively vibration convergence process, and produce the revolution break about ten times.At last, handle the reply record of observer automatically, and solve the colour threshold of corresponding all directions each oblatio color stimulus by computer software.5. determination step: whole test process is divided into steps such as dark adaptation, background colour adaptation, colour threshold mensuration.When distinguishing that at every turn color is judged, determine randomly to show on some color lumps of test color in four little squares by software, and other three little squares still remain the color consistent with background.Test color corresponding to according to the psychological physic method of testing that is adopted and on definite different directions with the prediction color distance or the aberration of color center.Observer's visual task is to judge that its color is different from the position of the little square color lump of background colour (i.e. the position of the square of an only demonstration different colours in four little square color lumps), press specified button then and reply, calculate automatic record result of determination at quarter and starting thus and distinguish color judgement test next time as his/her.

Four, software and hardware designs: 1, software design: color anomalopia chromatopsia quantitative test software designs with VC++, and operation platform is Windows 9X.Whole system software mainly comprise the photometric and chromatric of 1. photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system proofread and correct with test, 2. CRT color reproduction, 3. GAMA demarcations, 4. screen protection, 5. test parameter setting, 6. colour threshold is tested, 7. the test result document such as consults at functional module in the past.

(1) photometric and chromatric of photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system is proofreaied and correct and test

In this module, only be used for instrument production and debugging, mainly comprise two special-purpose softwares such as debugging of color signal generator and photoelectricity scaling system and correction.

The basic interface of color signal generator special-purpose software.After entering this interface, at first utilize the central cross line index that provides the photoelectric probe of standard spectrum photometer and this instrument to be aimed at and is positioned the central authorities of CRT screen respectively; Then, the color of screen can be arranged to various monochromes or colour mixtures such as white, black, red, yellow, indigo plant as required, and measure the colorimetric parameter (tristimulus values or chromaticity coordinate) of this screen color with the standard spectrum photometer; Then, the photoelectric probe of this instrument is aimed at screen, measure CRT by debugging of photoelectricity scaling system and correction special-purpose software and go up the calibration color signal that shows, should calibrate in the color parameter input specify text frame, calculate the correction factor of each chrominance channel by software function voluntarily; At last, photochromic correction coefficient is passed to the secondary microcomputer, and deposit scaling system inside automatically in based on I via the serial communication between the dedicated microprocessor of main frame and photoelectricity scaling system ²The erasable read only memory E that removes of C bus ²Among the PROM, carry out GAMA timing signal real-time calling in order to system.

In addition, also can utilize this module generation shades of colour stimulus signal, the colour examining precision of the gauged photoelectricity standard of photometric and chromatric human eye scaling system is verified, thus the accuracy and the effectiveness of check photoelectricity scaling system correction coefficient.

(2), CRT color reproduction

The color stimulus signal that provides required brightness and chromaticity coordinate on CRT monitor exactly is the basis and the prerequisite of the correct work of whole system.Utilize this module to show the color of specifying CIE1931 chromaticity coordinate X, Y and brightness coefficient Y at CRT, test and verify color reproduction result's accuracy and reliability thus, comprising the various factorss such as quality of the science of Simulation of Color algorithm, CRT monitor γ calibration and gauged effectiveness and the development properties of CRT own.This function only is used for the production and the debugging of instrument, is sightless for the user.

(3) GAMA demarcates

Has the color stimulus of requirement brightness and colorimetric parameter to carry out the quantitative test of color discrimination characteristic in order on the color CRT display, to show, must measure and analyze R, G, the B three-color phosphor characteristics of luminescence of color CRT, set up the mathematical model of trichroism electron gun gamma curve, thereby obtain eigenmatrix and mapping relations thereof between trichroism buffer colors input digit value and the CIE standard colorimetric system, reach the target that Simulation of Color shows.This link realizes by GAMA calibrating function module.

Input value with R, G, the trichroism digit buffer of B is 0,1 at first, respectively, 2,3 ..., 255, then by photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system measure automatically every group of color excitation input value the luminosity Lum_R of corresponding screen display color, Lum_G, Lum_B sets up (LUT_R thus, LUT_G, LUT_B) with (Lum_R, Lum_G, Lum_B) the corresponding relation LUT (Look-upTable) between.

(4) screen protection

Show that the color CRT display of testing color stimulus needs the preheating time more than 1 hour before entering actual detected; but can not make picture tube local ageing or inhomogeneous aging because of showing fixed pattern; cause the space discordance of CRT fluorescent screen colour developing or the reduction of excitation; so this instrument is provided with the screen saver function of uniform translation black and white bar, to satisfy after start before the actual detected and the special protection needs of CRT fluorescent screen between homogeneous detects.

(5) test parameter setting

Design of System Software two kinds of test modes (pattern), i.e. DCO detailed checkout and fast test.The DCO detailed checkout pattern has meticulous classification to the color anomalopia chromatopsia detection by quantitative, but the testing time is longer relatively; Fast required testing time of test pattern shorter, but effectiveness of classification is thick slightly.Can freely select for use by the user, to adapt to different detected objects and classification requirement.

According to detected object and requirement, the time (is unit with the second) of dark adaptation and brightness adaptation can be set voluntarily by the user, thereby effectively improve detection efficiency; Simultaneously, difference at the different schooling of tester (observer) or know-how, the inferior individual factor of age level, designed the training test module before the actual Validity Test module in test process, and realized the seamless link between actual test and the training test, make the tester before entering actual test, in unconscious, obtain the chance of training, and can set up frequency of training on their own by the user, fully guarantee the precision and the effectiveness that detect.

(6) colour threshold test

Native system utilizes software function to realize the full-automatic detection by quantitative of psychological physic of color anomalopia chromatopsia.

Operation interface close friend in the testing process has complete Chinese picture and text guiding in real time information, and provides the standard mandarin voice to guide explanation, to adapt to the tester of all ages and classes and levels of culture, effectively avoids maloperation.

After entering test module, at first eject tester's identity input dialogue frame.On this interface, require name, outpatient service number, case history card number etc. that the user imports the tester for information about, these data will be recorded in the testing result automatically with the various process datas such as initial and concluding time that detect date and test.Simultaneously, tester's name will constitute the testing result Data Filename in the lump with the testing time, so that be easy to identification during file retrieval, and can not produce the duplication of name file and will cause the data coverage loss.Therefore, if the user does not have complete input tester's name, systems soft ware will provide warning prompt information, by the user select to re-enter or by system provide by at that time date and carve the default file name of forming and come the store test results data.

After finishing tester's identity validation, system carries out demonstration at the picture and text guiding interface of colour threshold test operation.Simultaneously, the multimedia system of instrument also will provide " please by

Key begins test! " the standard mandarin information of voice prompt, to satisfy different levels tester's the needs that instruct.

Press on the special keyboard the user

Behind the key, system enters the dark adaptation state, and information of voice prompt is provided, and " dark adaptation begins, and please wait a moment! ".At this moment, the CRT screen is complete black, and the tester should watch fluorescent screen central authorities calmly attentively; Scotopic time span is by preestablishing in the system parameter setting module.System entered background colour automatically and adapts to (or claiming brightness adaptation) stage, and " be brightness adaptation now, please wait a moment to provide voice suggestion after dark adaptation finished! "; The time of brightness adaptation by the preset value in the system parameter setting module by computer controlled automatic.

After brightness adaptation is finished, system will enter the psychological physic test phase of colour threshold, comprise training test and actual test process; The judgement number of times of training test (corresponding training time) is preestablished by the system parameter setting module.The test process of colour threshold carries out according to preamble " color discrimination characteristic psychological physic quantitative test module " described method and flow process.

Each visual determination cycle is when beginning, system provide " rub-a-dub " a prompt tone, simultaneously by preset threshold value testing time condition oblatio color stimulus, wait for that then tester's button replys.Can obtain from neutral ash (Gray) along red-green (Red-Green) and Huang-indigo plant (Yellow-Blue) color confuses the colour vision-identification threshold value (colour vision tolerance value) of alignment redness (Red), green (Green), blueness (Blue), yellow (Yellow) direction by one-shot measurement.

By the ladder oscillatory process of each color direction upper threshold value mensuration of system software controls, and judge the condition of convergence of vibrating automatically.In the conversion of vibration up and down of all directions color distance, system inserts the reference color stimulation that the trichromat obviously can distinguish at random, can verify the effectiveness of this test process in conjunction with the judged result of reference stimulus.

After the color threshold test is finished, system will provide testing result with test report immediately.Test report is given in the CIE1931 standard colorimetric system, distinguishes chromatic threshold pH-value determination pH Δ R, Δ G, Δ B, Δ Y and Δ E as a result in the colour space on red (Red), green (Green), blue (Blue), yellow (Yellow) visual direction _R, Δ E _G, Δ E _B, Δ E _yAnd relative quantity (ratio) Δ R/ Δ G, Δ Y/ Δ B and the Δ E of colour threshold on red (Red) and green (Green), yellow (Yellow) and blue (Blue) visual direction _r/ Δ E _G, Δ E _Y/ Δ E _BSet up thus with clinically colour vision normally, the corresponding relation of achromatopsia and various different color weakness degree, thereby the automatic ration of realizing color anomalopia chromatopsia detects, and comprises that colour vision is normal, protanopsia (first type), deuteranopsia (B-mode), tritanopsia (third type), axanthopsia and various in various degree protanomalia, deuteranomalia, blue weak, yellow detection by quantitative result such as weak.

In the report of this test result, give tester's identity informations such as precious number of name, door, case history card number, listed file names with the starting and ending time of this time detection, so that reference.On this test result interface, can also utilize Button carries out the retrieval of historical detection document and consults.

If wish to understand or check test parameter, can click this upper left corner, interface

Button, system will eject the current shown corresponding test parameter information window of test result report immediately.

At last, written if desired test report can be by on this interface

Button just can obtain the test result data printed report.

Five, hardware designs:

The hardware circuit that native system designs voluntarily mainly contains photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system, visual determination is replied with keyboard special and power supply etc.

Photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system is obtained the photosignal of institute's oblatio color stimulus on the color CRT display fluorescent screen by the colourity type photoelectric sensor that meets International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standard spectrum tristimulus values curve (as shown in Figure 4), amplify fast and the A/D conversion through high accuracy, read in the digital signal that is collected by special microprocessor system, the line data of going forward side by side carries out data communication via serial line interface and main frame (PC) after handling.

Fig. 5 has illustrated the theory diagram that is electrically connected of photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system.The photochromic pick off that meets CIE standard spectrum tristimulus curve comprises X, Y, three Color Channels of Z, and the photosignal of its output carries out current-voltage conversion (A1) and voltage amplification (A2) by No. three amplifying circuits respectively; High frequency response, low drift quick high accuracy operational amplifier that amplifying circuit selects for use U.S. Anology Device company to produce are formed, and guarantee that photosignal obtains real-time fidelity and handles.Convert digital signal through the analog voltage signal that amplifies to by multichannel high resolution A/D conversion; Analog converter adopts the high accuracy multiple input path quick A/D of TexasInstrument company, and peripheral circuit is simple, thereby makes three road photosignals read in the secondary single-chip microcomputer easily and accurately under the control of dedicated microprocessor system.Special-purpose microprocessor microcontroller is very abundant in the function of selecting for use the very high Philips company of the ratio of performance to price to produce, has analog comparater, WDT (house dog), I ²The C bus, power on and power-off reset power supply monitor, UART functional parts such as (the universal asynchronous serial communications of full duplex), its clock frequency can be up to 20MHz, for the photoelectricity calibration that realizes native system requires to provide the foundation and prerequisite.Microprocessor system reads in the photoelectric figure signal goes forward side by side after line data handles, and the result is delivered to master computer PC by serial line interface RS-232, thereby finish a photoelectricity gatherer process of colouring information.The photometric and chromatric calibration coefficient of photoelectric sensor response characteristic is stored in scaling system inside automatically based on I ²The erasable read only memory E that removes of C bus ²Among the PROM, the RESET circuit provides reliable power-on reset signal for microprocessor system, and external crystal oscillation circuit OSC provides work clock accurately for Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system; Reset and external crystal oscillation circuit (RST﹠amp; OSC), the erasable read only memory (E that removes ²PROM) etc. peripheral circuit and single-chip microcomputer main body chip CPU form special-purpose microprocessor microcontroller system in the lump.

In addition, the visual test specific response keyboard of this test system configurations also carries out monitoring management by this microprocessor system, and utilizes serial line interface RS-232 and the host communication of sharing.Keyboard special comprises And equal mutually dedicated button, be respectively applied for startup and termination colour vision threshold value test process, the button when replying the position of four the little square color lumps in test color stimulus place and can't distinguish between colors the stimulation color lump.

What should be understood that is: though the foregoing description is to this utility model detailed explanation of contrasting; but these explanations are just to explanation of the present utility model; rather than to restriction of the present utility model; any innovation and creation that do not exceed in this utility model connotation scope all fall within the protection domain of the present utility model.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of color anomalopia chromatopsia detection by quantitative instrument, Hubei Province bracing frame was formed under its feature was reached by computer PC, high-performance color CRT monitor, photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system, specific response keyboard, printer, shade, the video signal of computer PC output to the print command of high-performance color CRT display, output to printer, the automatic detection signal that photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system detects is to the data-interface of computer PC, and the signal output part of specific response keyboard is to the keyboard input interface of computer PC.

2, color anomalopia chromatopsia detection by quantitative instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: photoelectricity standard human eye scaling system is by the photochromic pick off of spectral tristimulus value curve, signal processing and collecting units such as photosignal amplification and A/D conversion, modules such as PC interface and data communication and power supply unit constitute, the photosignal of the color stimulus that the photochromic pick off of colourity type of spectral tristimulus value curve obtains from the color CRT scope face, amplify fast and the A/D conversion through high accuracy, read in the digital signal that is collected by microprocessor system, the line data of going forward side by side carries out data communication via serial line interface and host PC after handling; The specific response keyboard carries out monitoring management by microprocessor, and shared serial line interface RS-232 and the host communication of utilization, its keyboard special comprises beginning/termination, upper left, lower-left, upper right, bottom right and equal mutually dedicated button, is respectively applied for to start and the button when ending colour vision threshold value test process, reply test four little square color lump positions, color stimulus place and can't debate other color stimulus color lump.

3, color anomalopia chromatopsia detection by quantitative instrument according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the photochromic pick off of spectral tristimulus value curve comprises X, Y, three Color Channels of Z, the photosignal of its output carries out current-voltage conversion (A1) and voltage amplification (A2) by No. three amplifying circuits respectively, convert digital signal through the analog voltage signal that amplifies to by multichannel high resolution A/D changer, make three road photosignals under the control of microprocessor system, read in the secondary single-chip microcomputer exactly, microprocessor system reads in the photoelectric figure signal goes forward side by side after line data handles, the result is delivered to master computer PC by serial line interface RS-232, thereby finish a photoelectricity gatherer process of colouring information; The photometric and chromatric scaling system of photoelectric sensor response characteristic is stored in scaling system inside automatically based on I ²The erasable read only memory E that removes of C bus ²Among the PROM, the RESET circuit provides reliable power-on reset signal for microprocessor system, and external crystal oscillation circuit OSC resets and external crystal oscillation circuit (RST ﹠amp for Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system provides work clock accurately; OSC), the erasable read only memory (E that removes ²PROM) etc. peripheral circuit and single-chip microcomputer main body chip CPU form the microprocessor microcontroller system in the lump.

Images