Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of hydraulic damper that the hydraulic damper inner chamber can be adjusted damping characteristic of need not taking apart after assembling.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model by the following technical solutions.
First kind of technological scheme is: a kind of hydraulic damper, have cylinder tube, piston, piston rod, oil storage cylinder, annular piston, piston spring, front cover, rear end cover, oily stream and automatically shut down valve and connecting head, oil pocket and back oil pocket before piston is divided into cylinder tube, oil storage cylinder is looped around the cylinder tube periphery, and form shoe cream room with cylinder tube, annular piston and piston spring are located in the shoe cream room, are provided with the adjustable oily stream in the outside on the rear end cover at least and automatically shut down valve; The end that described oily stream automatically shuts down valve communicates with shoe cream room by the oil duct on the rear end cover, and the other end communicates with preceding oil pocket by oil duct on the rear end cover and the oil duct on the cylinder tube; Shoe cream room communicates with the back oil pocket by the oil duct on the rear end cover.
Second kind of technological scheme is: a kind of hydraulic damper, have cylinder tube, piston, piston rod, oil storage cylinder, annular piston, piston spring, front cover, rear end cover, oily stream and automatically shut down valve and connecting head, oil pocket and back oil pocket before piston is divided into cylinder tube, oil storage cylinder is looped around the cylinder tube periphery, and form shoe cream room with cylinder tube, annular piston and piston spring are located in the shoe cream room, are provided with the adjustable oily stream in the outside on the rear end cover at least and automatically shut down valve; The end that described oily stream automatically shuts down valve communicates with shoe cream room by the oil duct on the rear end cover, and the other end communicates with the back oil pocket by the oil duct on the rear end cover; Shoe cream room communicates with preceding oil pocket by oil duct on the rear end cover and the oil duct on the cylinder tube.
The third technological scheme is: a kind of hydraulic damper, have cylinder tube, piston, piston rod, oil storage cylinder, annular piston, piston spring, front cover, rear end cover, oily stream and automatically shut down valve and connecting head, oil pocket and back oil pocket before piston is divided into cylinder tube, oil storage cylinder is looped around the cylinder tube periphery, and form shoe cream room with cylinder tube, annular piston and piston spring are located in the shoe cream room, are provided with two adjustable oily streams in the outside on the rear end cover at least and automatically shut down valve; At least one oily stream automatically shuts down valve one end and communicates with shoe cream room by the oil duct on the rear end cover, the other end communicates with preceding oil pocket by oil duct on the rear end cover and the oil duct on the cylinder tube, another oily stream automatically shuts down valve one end and communicates with shoe cream room by the oil duct on the rear end cover, and the other end communicates with the back oil pocket by the oil duct on the rear end cover.
After adopting above structure, automatically shut down valve owing on rear end cover, be provided with the adjustable oily stream in the outside, the end that oil stream automatically shuts down valve can communicate with preceding oil pocket or back oil pocket or two oily stream automatically shut down valve separately an end communicate with preceding oil pocket and back oil pocket respectively, the other end communicates with shoe cream room by the oil duct on the rear end cover, like this, when piston and piston rod are outwards pulled out fast or are inwardly advanced, oil in preceding oil pocket or the back oil pocket is pushed, high speed flow later on the end cap corresponding oily stream automatically shut down the gap between spool and valve port in the valve, it is poor to form high pressure, when pressure difference surpasses the pressure of valve core spring, spool is drawn close until the gap of closing between them to valve port, blocking-up oil stream forces piston and piston rod high-speed mobile again, forms drag; Simultaneously, owing to automatically shut down the existence of the small annular space between taper valve core and valve port in the valve orifice valve in parallel with oily stream, few gauging stream flows through from this gap at a high speed, produces damping; Thereby reach the purpose of hydraulic damper energy-absorbing, weakening.This adjustable oily stream in outside automatically shuts down valve and is arranged on the rear end cover just, rather than among the piston of inside, so as long as operation just can be adjusted oily stream and automatically shuts down valve on rear end cover, do not need the hydraulic damper that assembles is taken apart, therefore can adjust damping characteristic easily, can be the different damping characteristic of hydraulic damper modulation, to satisfy the needs of engineering.
Embodiment
The embodiment who provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing does explanation in further detail to the utility model.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of hydraulic damper, have cylinder tube 4, piston 6, piston rod 2, oil storage cylinder 8, annular piston 14, piston spring 15, front cover 3, rear end cover 10, oily stream and automatically shut down valve 12 and connecting head 1, oil pocket 5 and back oil pocket 7 before piston 6 is divided into cylinder tube 4, oil storage cylinder 8 is looped around cylinder tube 4 peripheries, and form shoe cream rooms 13 with cylinder tube 4, annular piston 14 and piston spring 15 are located in the shoe cream room 13, are provided with the adjustable oily stream in the outside on the rear end cover 10 at least and automatically shut down valve 12; The end that described oily stream automatically shuts down valve 12 communicates with shoe cream room 13 by the oil duct 10-2 on the rear end cover 10, and the other end communicates with preceding oil pocket 5 by oil duct 10-1 on the rear end cover 10 and the oil duct 4-1 on the cylinder tube 4; Shoe cream room 13 communicates with back oil pocket 7 by oil duct 10-2,10-7 on the rear end cover 10.This embodiment is an one-way damper, piston rod 2 has damping when stretching, undamped during compression, reason is, when piston rod 2 is outwards pulled out fast, oil in the preceding oil pocket 5 are pushed, oil duct 4-1 high speed flow in the cylinder tube 4 later oily stream on the end cap 10 automatically shuts down the gap between spool 12-3 and valve port 10-3 in the valve 12, form High Pressure Difference, when pressure reduction surpassed the pressure of valve core spring 12-2, spool 12-3 drew close to valve port 10-3, until the gap of closing between them, blocking-up oil stream forces piston 6 and piston rod 2 high-speed mobile again, forms drag; Simultaneously, owing to automatically shut down the existence of the small annular space between taper valve core 11-1-1 and valve port 10-6 in valve 12 orifice valve 11 in parallel with oily stream, few gauging stream flows through from this gap at a high speed, produces damping; When piston rod 2 inwardly advanced, the oil in the back oil pocket 7 was pushed after oil duct 10-7,10-2 directly flow to oil storage chamber 13, because resistance is very little, thereby did not produce drag and damping.
As shown in Figure 3, adjustable oily stream automatically shuts down valve 12 and comprises valve seat 12-4, spool 12-3, valve port 10-3, valve core spring 12-2 and adjusting screw 12-1; Spool 12-3 is bearing among the valve pocket 12-4-1 of valve seat 12-4, spool 12-3 top opens and closes with valve port 10-3 and cooperates, valve core spring 12-2 one end leans on spool 12-3 top, the other end and adjusting screw 12-1 front end offset, adjusting screw 12-1 and rear end cover 10 screw-thread fit, and the rear end is exposed on the rear end cover 10, has oil duct 10-1,10-2 on the rear end cover 10 of valve port 10-3 both sides, and valve pocket 12-4-1 side has the oilhole 12-4-2 that communicates with oil duct 10-1.Certainly, adjustable oily stream automatically shuts down the adjustable structure form that valve 12 also can be other, as long as adjustable in the outside of rear end cover 10.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, the oily stream of on rear end cover 10 each automatically shuts down valve 12 sides and all is parallel with orifice valve 11 by oil duct 10-4,10-5, orifice valve 11 comprises band taper valve core 11-1-1 and screw rod 11-1 and valve port 10-6, screw rod 11-1 and rear end cover 10 screw-thread fit, and the rear end is exposed at outside the rear end cover 10, forms the annulus between taper valve core 11-1-1 and the valve port 10-6.Also can not establish orifice valve 11 in addition, but at this moment can open a through hole in the spool 12-3 axial location that oily stream automatically shuts down valve 12, or on spool 12-3 top or valve port 10-3, offer groove, so that automatically shut down after valve 12 cuts out at oily stream, allow oil get back to shoe cream room 13 at a slow speed, the oil pressure that suppresses on the piston 6 does not excessively raise, and plays damping, damping effect.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, in order to prevent the meet accident change so that cause the damping characteristic that changes hydraulic damper of state that oily stream automatically shuts down valve 12 and orifice valve 11, can protective sleeve 9 be housed in rear end cover 10 outer race.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, sleeve 16 is housed also on the piston rod 2, also is provided with mark 8-1 on oil storage cylinder 8 outer walls, sleeve 16 lower edges are corresponding with mark 8-1, with the mobile position of indicator piston 6 in cylinder tube 4.
As shown in Figure 4, second embodiment's of the utility model adjustable valve hydraulic damper, have cylinder tube 4, piston 6, piston rod 2, oil storage cylinder 8, annular piston 14, piston spring 15, front cover 3, rear end cover 10, oily stream and automatically shut down valve 12 and connecting head 1, oil pocket 5 and back oil pocket 7 before piston 6 is divided into cylinder tube 4, oil storage cylinder 8 is looped around cylinder tube 4 peripheries, and form shoe cream rooms 13 with cylinder tube 4, annular piston 14 and piston spring 15 are located in the shoe cream room 13, are provided with the adjustable oily stream in the outside on the rear end cover 10 at least and automatically shut down valve 12; The end that described oily stream automatically shuts down valve 12 communicates with shoe cream room 13 by the oil duct 10-2 on the rear end cover 10, and the other end communicates with back oil pocket 7 by the oil duct 10-1 on the rear end cover 10; Shoe cream room 13 communicates with preceding oil pocket 5 by oil duct 10-2,10-8 on the rear end cover 10 and the oil duct 4-1 on the cylinder tube 4.This embodiment is an one-way damper, and undamped when piston rod 2 stretches has damping during compression.Reason is, when piston rod 2 inwardly advances fast, oil in the back oil pocket 7 are pushed, and the oil duct 10-1 high speed flow in rear end cover 10 is crossed and automatically shut down the gap between spool 12-3 and valve port 10-3 in the valve 12, formation High Pressure Difference, when pressure reduction surpasses the pressure of valve core spring 12-2, spool 12-3 draws close to valve port 10-3, until the gap of closing between them, and blocking-up oil stream, force piston 6 and piston rod 2 high-speed mobile again, form drag; Simultaneously, owing to automatically shut down the existence of the small annular space between taper valve core 11-1-1 and valve port 10-6 in valve 12 orifice valve 11 in parallel with oily stream, few gauging stream flows through from this gap at a high speed, produces damping; When piston rod 2 was outwards pulled out, the oil in the preceding oil pocket 5 was pushed after oil duct 4-1 in the cylinder tube 4 and oil duct 10-8, the 10-2 in the rear end cover 10 directly flow to oil storage chamber 13, because resistance is very little, thereby did not produce drag and damping.All the other structures are identical with above-mentioned first embodiment.
Shown in Fig. 5,6,7, the 3rd embodiment's of the utility model adjustable valve hydraulic damper, have cylinder tube 4, piston 6, piston rod 2, oil storage cylinder 8, annular piston 14, piston spring 15, front cover 3, rear end cover 10, oily stream and automatically shut down valve 12 and connecting head 1, oil pocket 5 and back oil pocket 7 before piston 6 is divided into cylinder tube 4, oil storage cylinder 8 is looped around cylinder tube 4 peripheries, and form shoe cream rooms 13 with cylinder tube 4, annular piston 14 and piston spring 15 are located in the shoe cream room 13, are provided with two adjustable oily streams in the outside on the rear end cover 10 at least and automatically shut down valve 12; At least one oily stream automatically shuts down valve 12 1 ends and communicates with shoe cream room 13 by the oil duct 10-2 on the rear end cover 10, the other end communicates with preceding oil pocket 5 by oil duct 10-1 on the rear end cover 10 and the oil duct 4-1 on the cylinder tube 4, another oily stream automatically shuts down valve 12 1 ends and communicates with shoe cream room 13 by the oil duct 10-2 on the rear end cover 10, and the other end communicates with back oil pocket 7 by the oil duct 10-1 on the rear end cover 10.This embodiment is a two way damper, and piston rod 2 stretches and compression all has damping.All the other structures are identical with above-mentioned first embodiment.To automatically shut down valve 12 be two to oily stream in the present embodiment, also can be for more than two.
Shown in Fig. 5,6,7, when the utility model comes into operation, be example with the 3rd embodiment, the connecting head 1 at two ends can be connected with extraneous structure.Under or the situation of normally expanding with heat and contract with cold static in extraneous structure, the valve core spring 12-2 that oily stream automatically shuts down in the valve 12 makes spool 12-3 and valve port 10-3 be in normally open.Oil stream between forward and backward oil pocket 5,7 and the shoe cream room 13 can flow with little resistance, occurs low resistance when piston 6 low speed are moved; In case extraneous structure vibration occurs or impacts, piston rod 2 and piston 6 are subjected to extraneous the drive and high-speed mobile, flow through oil duct 4-1 in the cylinder tube 4 and the oil duct 10-1 in the rear end cover 10 or the oil duct 10-1 high speed flow in rear end cover 10 of oil before forcing in oil pocket 5 or the back oil pocket 7 crosses and automatically shuts down the gap between spool 12-3 and valve port 10-3 in the valve 12, form High Pressure Difference, when pressure reduction surpasses the pressure of valve core spring 12-2, spool 12-3 draws close to valve port 10-3, until the gap of closing between them, blocking-up oil stream, force piston 6 and piston rod 2 high-speed mobile again, form drag; Simultaneously, owing to automatically shut down the existence of the small annular space between taper valve core 11-1-1 and valve port 10-6 in valve 12 orifice valve 11 in parallel with oily stream, few gauging stream flows into shoe cream room 13 from this gap at a high speed, thereby produces damping.
Turn oily stream and automatically shut down adjusting screw 12-1 in the valve 12, can change the precompression of valve core spring 12-2, the pressure of forward and backward oil pocket when just having changed spool 12-3 and valve port 10-3 and closing, promptly corresponding load when having changed the hydraulic damper action.
Turn the screw rod 11-1 of band taper valve core 11-1-1 in the orifice valve 11, can change the size of the annulus between taper valve core 11-1-1 and the valve port 10-6, changed oily flow, automatically shut down piston traveling speed after valve 12 cuts out, reached the purpose of adjusting damping characteristic thereby change oily stream.