CN2634306Y - Garbage in cinerator integrating fluidized incineration and moving cold slag - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a refuse incinerator integrating a fluidized incineration and a mobile slag cooling, which comprises a furnace chamber which is divided into a mobile cooling zone, a fluidization zone and a dilute phase zone inside. The lower section of the furnace chamber is in turn equipped with an upper air distributing tube, a lower air distributing tube, a slag discharge jig and a lifting and feeding device of fine sand. At the outlet of the furnace chamber is equipped a separator inferiorly connected with a return device the bottom end of which is connected with the fluidization zone. The outlet at the separator is in turn connected with a superheater, an air preheater, an economizer and an air-induction machine. At the lateral plane of the fluidization zone is equipped a coal stoker and a refuse feed machine. A blower is connected with a first cooling ventilation duct and a lower air distributing tube and also connected with an igniter, a first heating ventilation duct and the upper air distributing tube. The lower section of the air preheater is connected with the blower with its upper section connected with a second ventilation duct and the return device and a first heating ventilation duct. The utility model abandons a conventional air distributing device equipped with an air distributing board and is characterized by simple manufacture, economic investment and convenient slag discharge, suitable for a scale application and capable of simplifying the fluidized refuse pre-treatment system.

Description

Afflux burning and moving cold slag are in the incinerator of one

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of afflux burning and moving cold slag in the incinerator of one.

Background technology

According to statistics, National urban house refuse in 2000 annual production has reached 1.5 hundred million tons, and with annual speed increment more than 7%, a large amount of generations of domestic waste have had a strong impact on urban look and quality of life.Burning method can be realized the minimizing of garbage disposal, innoxious and resource target preferably, has begun at present to use and obtain promoting in some big and medium-sized cities of China.The combustion system of putting into commercial operation at present is a kind of to be grate incinerator, comprise Martin's fire grate of multi-stage stepwise traveling-grate stoker, inclination reciprocating fire grate and the formula of transmission etc., its advantage is not need rubbish is carried out preliminary treatment, but when handling the present waste of low heating value of China, expose processing cost height, steam parameter low, move uneconomic shortcoming, its technology comes from introduction basically; Another is the fluidized bed incinerator that adopts air distribution plate, has clean burning and adapts to the advantage of handling various castoff burnings, but exist shortcomings such as rubbish pretreatment system complexity and deslagging difficulty.

Different with developed countries, the present rubbish of China does not sort mixed collection, has the component complexity, high-moisture, ash-rich, low heat value, the characteristics that seasonal fluctuation is big, with respect to other incineration treatment methods, the fluidized combustion method has the wide advantage of fuel tolerance, mix in the bed, the time of staying is long, rubbish burn-out degree height does not have rotatable parts in the fluid bed, simple in structure, the fluidized bed incinerator volume ratio grate furnace of same treatment capacity is little, investment economizes most, and can take comprehensive anti-secondary pollution measure, and the fluidized combustion mode is a kind of processing method preferably for China's rubbish.But, adopt the fluidized combustion method to have a problem that must solve, because rubbish does not sort, in the crude waste of burning disposal, inorganic matter such as building waste, metal accounted for weight ratio 20% in addition higher, these materials do not have contribute energy to combustion process, also lack preferably the stokehold screening installation at present they are separated from rubbish.Though electromagnetism de-iron device can be set in pretreatment system, because the crude waste prehensile is stronger, or some metal enters in the stove; Though in the rubbish storehouse through the refuse breaking crusher machine of special exploitation, but still be difficult to satisfy be fit to the fluid bed operation to going into the particle diameter requirement of stove material.These not flammable components are stayed in the stove and will be had a strong impact on fluidization quality, influence the continuous operation of incinerator, even the normal safe operation of entail dangers to fluidized-bed combustion boiler.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of afflux burning and moving cold slag in the incinerator of one.

It has burner hearth, be divided into mobile cooling zone in the burner hearth, fluidization regions, dilute-phase zone, lower furnace portion is provided with the upper strata wind-distributing pipe successively, lower floor's wind-distributing pipe, the screening machine of slagging tap, fine sand promotes charging gear, furnace outlet is provided with separator, take back under the separator and send device, loop back device lower end and burner hearth fluidization regions are joined, separator outlet successively with superheater, air preheater, economizer, air-introduced machine, burner hearth fluidization regions side is provided with feeder, the garbage feeding machine, an air blast and a cold airduct, lower floor's wind-distributing pipe joins, air blast and igniter, the heat primary air pipe, the upper strata wind-distributing pipe joins, air preheater lower end and air blast join, air preheater upper end and secondary air channel, the loop back device lower end joins, and the air preheater upper end joins with the heat primary air pipe.

Advantage of the present utility model: do not have traditional air distribution plate air-distribution device, make simply, reduced investment is suitable for to large scale development; Slag tap conveniently (main body is with vertically vertical deslagging), can simplify the rubbish pretreatment system of fluid bed; Incineration firing, big slag cooling are moved in the integrated bed in fluidisation and are carried out, and can discharge the big slag of low temperature after having burnt, and need not to increase outside stove slag cooler; Owing to adopt wind of high temperature, can realize the direct burning of waste of low heating value and do not need to add auxiliary fuel.

It is wide to the utlity model has fuel tolerance, but burning disposal high-moisture, low heat value, high-ash rubbish, mix in the bed, the burn-out degree height is applicable to and handles that seasonal fluctuation is big, contains the large scale metal of deslagging in distress and the industrial waste of inorganic material after the Chinese city house refuse of complicated component and the burning.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is that afflux burning and moving cold slag are in the incinerator structural representation of one.

The specific embodiment

Afflux burning and moving cold slag have burner hearth in the incinerator of one, be divided into mobile cooling zone 7 in the burner hearth, fluidization regions 8, dilute-phase zone 9, lower furnace portion is provided with upper strata wind-distributing pipe 2 successively, lower floor's wind-distributing pipe 1, the screening machine 3 of slagging tap, fine sand promotes charging gear 4, furnace outlet is provided with separator 10, take back under the separator and send device 11, loop back device lower end and burner hearth fluidization regions are joined, separator outlet successively with superheater 17, air preheater 18, economizer 19, air-introduced machine 20, burner hearth fluidization regions side is provided with feeder 5, garbage feeding machine 6, an air blast 16 and a cold airduct 14, lower floor's wind-distributing pipe 1 joins, air blast 16 and igniter 15, heat primary air pipe 13, upper strata wind-distributing pipe 2 joins, air preheater 18 lower ends and air blast 16 join, air preheater 18 upper ends and secondary air channel 12, loop back device 11 lower ends join, and air preheater 18 upper ends and heat primary air pipe 13 join.

The utility model adopts the laminates airduct to replace the air distribution plate structure of traditional fluid bed.The upper strata feeds heat primary air, is the operation of fluidisation shape, plays the burning effect, and lower floor's (arranging 1～3 layer according to the big I of the type of furnace) feeds a wind that is used to cool off, and is the moving bed operation, plays cold slag effect, big slag cooling after the burning is recovered energy after discharge.

The utility model promotes charging gear 4, feeder 5, garbage feeding machine 6, mobile cooling zone 7, fluidization regions 8, dilute-phase zone (burner hearth) 9, separator 10, loop back device 11, secondary wind 12, heat primary air 13, a cold wind 14, igniter 15, air blast 16, superheater 17, air preheater 18, economizer 19 by lower floor's wind-distributing pipe 1 (arranging 1～3 layer according to the big I of the type of furnace), upper strata wind-distributing pipe 2, the screening machine 3 of slagging tap, fine sand, installs and connects to form the incorporate novel fluidized bed garbage burning boiler of fluidized incineration moving cold slag.

Rubbish is connected to dilute-phase zone (burner hearth) 9 by the material inlet of garbage feeding machine 6 through tilting, heavier component of refuse falls into fluidization regions 8, fluidized bed combustion under heat primary air 13 effects, flue gas that burning discharges and lighter component of refuse burn in dilute-phase zone (burner hearth) 9, add secondary wind 12 in the dilute-phase zone to guarantee sufficient oxygen supply, remaining not flammable composition of bulk such as brick, metals etc. move downward, through mobile cooling zone 7, cold wind 14 positive energy exchanges with air blast 16, the cooling back is discharged burner hearth by the screening machine 3 of slagging tap with big slag form, the thin bed material of discharging with big slag feeds in the stove by lifting or Pneumatic Feeder 4 after the screening machine screening of slagging tap, to guarantee the material balance in the stove, the big slag of discharge can directly use as building materials through after the metal removal device.

Gas fume after burning is sent back in the stove by loop back device 11 after separator 10 separates fine grained and is burnt, and the flue gas of discharge connects air-introduced machine 20 behind superheater 17, air preheater 18 and economizer 19 and exhaust gas purification system enters atmosphere again.

Air preheater is with air blast 16 the cold wind heating supply fluidisation of sending here and the heat primary air 13 and the secondary wind 12 that burn usefulness.Arranged that before upper strata wind-distributing pipe 2 igniter 15 is used for the startup operation of incinerator.

Different with the air distribution plate cloth wind structure of traditional fluid bed, the utility model adopts the some airducts that have perforate by certain arrangement mode to feed distinguished and admirableization of bed cloth, owing to adopt vertical stagger arrangement laminates to put, thereby has burning and cold slag dual-use function in one.Feature of the present utility model is that the mobile cooling zone 7 by the fluidization regions 6 on top and bottom constitutes that fluidisation moves incorporate bed in the incinerator; Difference according to burning away the refuse calorific value, the wind-distributing pipe on upper strata (fluidization regions) can feed 150～550 ℃ wind to carry out fluidisation and provides burning required air, the heat that incineration firing discharges offers the bed material, and the fluidization regions temperature maintenance on top is at 800～950 ℃; Wind-distributing pipe in the turnover zone of lower floor feeds then is cold wind about 20 ℃, not flammable composition slowly cools off the back with big slag form discharge by the turnover zone of bottom gradually with the moving bed form, big slag is in the moving bed zone retention period, carry out heat exchange with cold wind, big slag temperature can be reduced to 150 ℃ even lower, does not need external slag cooler.In cold slag, play the effect of air preheat;

The spacing of wind-distributing pipe of the present utility model can be greater than 200～300mm, rubbish is discharged out of the furnace directly into the bulk noncombustibles that stove burns the back generation without preliminary treatment, and the quartzy casting bed material of discharging with big slag does not need external cold slag device directly to send back in the stove by mechanical lifting device or Pneumatic conveyer after screening again;

In the waste of low heating value that burns China (800～1200kcal/kg), can adopt high temperature air preheater 18 to reclaim heat at the incinerator afterbody, heat primary air temperature 13 and secondary air temperature 12 are brought up to 550 ℃, need not add the design and the production of the incinerator of auxiliary fuel clean burn waste of low heating value with realization.

Claims (2)

1. afflux burning and moving cold slag are in the incinerator of one, it is characterized in that it has burner hearth, be divided into mobile cooling zone (7) in the burner hearth, fluidization regions (8), dilute-phase zone (9), lower furnace portion is provided with upper strata wind-distributing pipe (2) successively, lower floor's wind-distributing pipe (1), the screening machine (3) of slagging tap, fine sand promotes charging gear (4), furnace outlet is provided with separator (10), take back under the separator and send device (11), loop back device lower end and burner hearth fluidization regions are joined, separator outlet successively with superheater (17), air preheater (18), economizer (19), air-introduced machine (20), burner hearth fluidization regions side is provided with feeder (5), garbage feeding machine (6), an air blast (16) and a cold airduct (14), lower floor's wind-distributing pipe (1) joins, air blast (16) and igniter (15), heat primary air pipe (13), upper strata wind-distributing pipe (2) joins, air preheater (18) lower end and air blast (16) join, air preheater (18) upper end and secondary air channel (12), loop back device (11) lower end joins, and air preheater (18) upper end joins with heat primary air pipe (13).

According to claim 1 afflux burning and moving cold slag in the incinerator of one, the spacing that it is characterized in that said wind-distributing pipe is greater than 100～300mm.

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