CN2539333Y

CN2539333Y - Active ion switch lightning arrestor

Info

Publication number: CN2539333Y
Application number: CN 01262801
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭建国; 陆小咪
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2001-09-17
Filing date: 2001-09-17
Publication date: 2003-03-05
Anticipated expiration: 2011-09-17

Abstract

The utility model relates to an active mode ionic switch arrester device, comprising an arrester main probe, a conductor and a big earthed electrode composed electric access. The utility model is characterized in that an arrester auxiliary probe is arranged at the peripheral of the main probe, and a discharge break-over mechanism and a passive active trigger circuit are positioned in the electric access. The auxiliary probe is insulated with the main probe and is connected in series with the passive active trigger circuit. The discharge break-over mechanism is connected in series with the main probe and in parallel with the passive active trigger circuit. The passive active trigger circuit has the structure that: the discharge break-over mechanism is connected in parallel with a high voltage impulse transformer and a discharge lamp; the arrester auxiliary probe is connected in series with the discharge lamp, and is connected in series with a primary coil of the high voltage impulse transformer through a capacitance. A consequent pole of the high voltage impulse transformer is connected with an end of the discharge break-over mechanism through a capacitance, and the other end is connected with the other end of the discharge break-over mechanism. The utility model has the advantages of large protection range, great current resistance, high reliability, long service life, compact size, light weight, corrosion resistance, convenient installation, great wind resistance performance and coaxial shielding cable free.

Description

Active ionic switch lightning arrester

One, technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of active ionic switch lightning arrester.

Two, background technology

The natural phenomena of this magnificence of thunder and lightning, be between thundercloud and the earth or the band heterocharge thundercloud between electric discharge phenomena.In the thundercloud forming process, the ascending air that is carrying a large amount of steam is aerial at height, makes condensation vapor become water droplet because temperature reduces, and further cooling becomes ice crystal, meanwhile carry out the complex process of separation of charge in the water droplet, thereby forming charged thundercloud.Because the induction of thundercloud negative electricity, ground or ground building gather positive charge near making, thereby form powerful electric field between ground and thundercloud.The positive charge density of gathering when the somewhere is very big, and when the electric field strength that excites reached the critical value of free of air, thundercloud just began staged discharge downwards, is called descending guide's discharge.When this guide moves closer to ground object and reaches certain distance, ground object produces point discharge under the highfield effect, formation also develops into the upward leader discharge gradually to the guide of thundercloud direction, atmospheric ionization is between the two joined and is formed the thunder and lightning path, and form gas ion attitude main discharge thereupon, send roll of thunder in strong flash of light and the expansion shock motion process.Lightning arrester of the prior art is traditional Franklin lightning rod; its structure is that point discharge device (also claiming " primary probe ") and lead are set on protected object; primary probe is connected with lead, and the other end of lead is buried underground, and is provided with big ground electrode.When the electric charge accumulation some of the overhead cloud layer of object, produce the upward leader discharge on the lightning rod, and then cause main discharge, electric charge imports into underground from primary probe and lead, thereby avoids being struck by lightning.This device can be avoided general lightning damage, but the generation of its upward leader needed through one period time of delay, can limit the validity that vertical or level connects sudden strain of a muscle this time of delay, causes its protection range limited.The critical value of the quantity of electric charge of its conducting needs is very big in addition, cause damage also can for protected object.

Three, summary of the invention

The utility model will provide a kind of active ionic switch lightning arrester; to overcome the deficiency of traditional Franklin lightning rod; the active ionic switch lightning arrester of new construction can make the lightning arrester primary probe produce high-voltage pulse; the time of upward leader discharge is shifted to an earlier date; and reduce the critical value of its main discharge; and then strengthen protection to protection object, and enlarge lightning-arrest district protective range.

In order to finish the foregoing invention task, need make the lightning rod system can initiatively meet the thunder and lightning main discharge, lightning current is introduced the earth, increase protection range, discharge physics is learned and is shown that this need adopt active ionic switch lightning protection method.The active ionic switch lightning arrester of asking in this is to increase a discharge conducting mechanism and passive active circuits for triggering system on the basis of traditional Franklin lightning rod.Adopt discharge technology principle in advance, make the lightning arrester primary probe produce high-voltage pulse, initiatively meet thunder discharge, lightning current is introduced the earth by lightning arrester primary probe, discharge conducting mechanism.Concrete scheme is: a kind of active ionic switch lightning arrester, include the lightning arrester primary probe, lead, big ground electrode, the three becomes electric pathway to connect, it is characterized in that: outside primary probe, be provided with the lightning arrester secondary probe, have additional discharge conducting mechanism and passive active circuits for triggering in the electric pathway, lightning arrester secondary probe and primary probe insulation, and connect with passive active circuits for triggering, discharge conducting mechanism connects with primary probe, the active circuits for triggering become controlled with discharge conducting mechanism and are connected, the structure of wherein passive active circuits for triggering can be: discharge conducting mechanism is in parallel with high voltage pulse transformer and discharge tube, the lightning arrester secondary probe is connected with discharge tube, and connect with the primary coil of high voltage pulse transformer by electric capacity, the inferior utmost point of high voltage pulse transformer, one end is connected with conducting mechanism one end that discharges by electric capacity, and the other end is connected with the other end of discharge conducting mechanism.Passive active circuits for triggering also can adopt other equivalent electric circuits.Described " discharge conducting mechanism " can be lightning arrester ion spark chamber, also can be gas discharge tube, for example miniature ceramic gas discharge tube.Described " controlled connection " can be the connection shown in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 or the embodiment 3.The voltage that the following lightning arrester secondary probe of its operation principle utilizes the thundercloud induction field to form between big ground electrode and lightning arrester secondary probe electrode, the electric charge relative motion of its two poles of the earth electrode forms electric current, forms the loop through resistance R, capacitor C 1 and high voltage pulse transformer primary inductance.The voltage at capacitor C 1 two ends is proportional to thundercloud and ground induction field.When thundercloud increased with ground induction field intensity, the voltage at capacitor C 1 two ends was also raising.When the voltage at capacitor C 1 two ends is elevated to the gas discharge tube threshold voltage, the conducting that sparks of (greater than 450V) gas discharge tube two ends, this the time form discharge loop by capacitor C 1, gas discharge tube and high voltage pulse transformer primary inductance, produce high-voltage pulse simultaneously at high voltage pulse transformer secondary inductance two ends, (amplitude 10KV-20KV) this high-voltage pulse is delivered to the lightning arrester primary probe through capacitor C 2 (electrode relative to the earth), and the high-voltage pulse amplitude on the lightning arrester primary probe is a lightning arrester ion spark chamber gas discharge threshold voltage (15KV ± 20%).The design's prioritization scheme can be widely used for the lightning protection of transmission line, and the lightning protection earth leakage protective device that is about to above-mentioned passive active circuits for triggering and power transmission line is connected in series, simultaneously, with power transmission line as lightning arrester secondary probe and primary probe.The structure of lightning protection earth leakage protective device is: be provided with a detection of electrical leakage inductor; form by a dropout switch (can adopt relay) and detection of electrical leakage inductor; the primary coil of detection of electrical leakage inductor is connected with the main lightning circuit and the dropout switch of transmission of electricity circuit, and secondary coil is connected with the solenoid of amplification, rectification circuit and dropout switch.The phase line that wherein lightning-arrest main circuit can be a power transmission line (or phase line and the lightning-arrest main circuit of zero line conduct simultaneously; The transmission of electricity circuit of three-phase electricity can be with three-phase phase line and zero line all as lightning-arrest main circuit).Phase line and the zero line primary coil of on the detection of electrical leakage inductor, connecting respectively, ground connection again, the secondary coil of detection of electrical leakage inductor connects the solenoid of dropout switch by amplifying circuit, rectification circuit.When surge voltage occurring because of the induction of cloud layer electric charge on phase line or the zero line; difference currents in two primary coils of detection of electrical leakage inductor causes and produces electric current on the secondary coil; after amplification, rectification; enter dropout switch solenoid; make the actuating of relay; cut off the transmission of electricity circuit, play a protective role.

The circuit working principle of active ionic switch lightning arrester described in the utility model is to have increased a discharge conducting mechanism and passive active circuits for triggering on the basis of traditional Franklin lightning rod.The energy of passive active circuits for triggering system from thundercloud with the ground induction field and change into high-voltage signal and deliver to lightning arrester primary probe point.From basic principle, still belong to the lightning rod category, but increased the thunderbolt ball radius owing to discharging in advance; the protection range of lightning rod has been increased greatly; compare with common lightning rod, following advantage is arranged: be under equal height, bigger than common lightning rod protection scope.Therefore, do not need to set up too high iron tower lightning rod and implement protection, the load-bearing that can reduce the cost of iron tower and alleviate building.Avoided lightning rod too high and attract the drawback of thunderbolt.Prevented the generation of shielding accident in the thunderbolt to the utmost.Adopt lightning arrester ion spark chamber as the ionic state switch, anti-powerful electric current, reliability height, life-span are grown, can consume a large amount of thunder and lightning energy, characteristics (being different from the lightning arrester that adopts semi-conducting material) such as (mainly being to be converted into light, heat, electromagnetism) reduction ground wire counterattack voltage.The characteristics of active ionic switch lightning arrester are: be used to build on every side the directly protection of thunder, do not work when passive, "dead", fine; Volume is little, in light weight, corrosion-resistant, easy for installation; Wind loading rating is strong, need not install the coaxial shielding cable additional.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the application's operation principle schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is 3 lightning arrester secondary probe structural representations;

Fig. 3 is a lightning arrester ion spark chamber structural representation;

Fig. 4 is used for the example structure schematic diagram of power transmission line protection for the application;

Fig. 5 is the protector schematic diagram that is used for the three-phase electricity transmission line.

Five, embodiment

Embodiment 1, active ionic switch lightning arrester, and with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2: lightning arrester includes lightning arrester primary probe 1.1, lead 2 becomes electric pathway to connect with big ground electrode, three.Be provided with lightning arrester secondary probe 1.3 outside the primary probe, have additional lightning arrester ion spark chamber 1.2 and passive active circuits for triggering in the electric pathway.The structure of lightning arrester ion spark chamber 1.2 is with reference to Fig. 3: be made up of lightning arrester primary probe electrode, big ground electrode, insulating material body, ionic state spray orifice.Lightning arrester primary probe 1.1 is mutual electrical isolation in structural design with lightning arrester secondary probe 1.3, and dielectric voltage withstand is greater than 50KV (direct voltage).Lightning arrester secondary probe 1.3 is connected with passive active circuits for triggering, and lightning arrester ion spark chamber is connected with the lightning arrester primary probe.The two poles of the earth of lightning arrester ion spark chamber are in parallel with high voltage pulse transformer 1.4 and 450V gas discharge tube 1.5 respectively, the lightning arrester secondary probe is connected with discharge tube, and connect with the primary coil of high voltage pulse transformer by resistance R, capacitor C 1, the inferior utmost point of high voltage pulse transformer, one end is connected with the primary probe electrode of ion spark chamber by capacitor C 2, and the other end of the inferior utmost point of high voltage pulse transformer is connected with the big ground electrode of ion spark chamber.

Embodiment 2, and the operation principle of active ionic switch lightning arrester also can protect electric equipment to exempt from induction lightening in the destruction of the overvoltage surge on the power line (or be applied in the overvoltage surge that military strong electromagnetic is formed on the power line carry out multiple protective) effectively.Its operation principle is referring to circuit diagram shown in Figure 3: circuit can be divided into initiatively anti-induction thunder overvoltage protection device and the lightning protection earth leakage protective device mode that is connected in series; carry out the overvoltage protection (zero line also can be connected initiatively anti-induction thunder overvoltage protection device with ground wire, carries out the overvoltage protection of power line zero line and ground wire) of power line phase line and ground wire.On the power transmission line phase line, connect electric capacity, the two ends of electric capacity are respectively as lightning arrester primary probe and secondary probe, wherein be connected with an end of gas discharge tube or ceramic gas discharge tube as a road of primary probe, the two ends of passive active circuits for triggering connect the other end and the grid of gas discharge tube or ceramic gas discharge tube respectively.Active anti-induction thunder overvoltage protection device is made up of resistance R 1, diode D1, capacitor C 0, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, miniature ceramic gas discharge tube P1, miniature pottery triggering gas discharge switch pipe P2, pulse transformer L0 and inductance L * in the present embodiment.The operation principle of active anti-induction thunder overvoltage protection device is when the relative ground wire of power line phase line does not have overvoltage surge in the present embodiment, and the direct voltage at capacitor C 1 two ends is lower than the threshold voltage of miniature ceramic gas discharge tube P1.At this moment the loop discharge off electric current that is constituted by capacitor C 1, miniature ceramic gas discharge tube P1, pulse transformer L0 primary coil.This moment, pulse transformer L0 secondary coil did not have high-voltage pulse, and miniature pottery triggers not conducting of gas discharge switch pipe P2 to be ended.When the relative ground wire of power line phase line has overvoltage surge, the direct voltage at capacitor C 1 two ends will be higher than the threshold voltage of miniature ceramic gas discharge tube P1, miniature ceramic gas discharge tube P1 instantaneous discharge conducting this moment.At this moment there is discharging current in the loop that is made of capacitor C 1, miniature ceramic gas discharge tube P1, pulse transformer L0 primary coil.This moment, pulse transformer L0 secondary coil produced high-voltage pulse, triggered miniature pottery through capacitor C 2 and triggered gas discharge switch pipe P2 conducting, made power line phase line and ground wire form instantaneous short circuit, absorbed the moment overvoltage surge.After moment overvoltage surge, the current vanishes initiatively anti-induction thunder overvoltage protection device recover normal condition automatically.1 metering function of resistance R in the active anti-induction thunder overvoltage protection device circuit, diode D1 plays rectified action.New micro pottery triggers the shock-resistant electric current of gas discharge switch pipe P2 greater than 8KA, and life-span, reliability are far above triggerless utmost point gas discharge tube P1.The ability that miniature another advantage of pottery triggering gas discharge switch pipe P2 is an autophage moment electric energy is strong.Adopt initiatively anti-induction thunder overvoltage protection device and the lightning protection earth leakage protective device mode that is connected in series in the present embodiment, carry out the overvoltage protection of power line phase line and ground wire.Its advantage is to form instantaneously when power line phase line and ground wire overvoltage, and initiatively the response of anti-induction thunder overvoltage protection device is fast, formation first order overvoltage protection.Then second level overvoltage protection is discharge tube P3 in the lightning protection earth leakage protective device circuit; the overvoltage of the power line phase line of lightning protection earth leakage protective device output and ground wire discharged absorb protection; simultaneously because discharge tube P3 discharge; make the L1 among the detection of electrical leakage inductor A in the leakage protection circuit; the electric current of L2 coil is unequal; (just often the power line phase line equates by load with neutral line current) this moment, there was induced electromotive force at L3 coil two ends; and triggering controllable silicon SCR 2 conductings; dropout switch electromagnet starts; the switch J1.1 of closure is disconnected; (drop-away time is less than 0.1S) load has a power failure, and forms third level protection.The effect of R4, C5 is when zero line and ground wire is instantaneous when voltage difference (greater than 25V) is arranged in the circuit, and earth leakage protective device starts protection.

Embodiment 3, and the lightning protection overvoltage protection of three-phase four-wire power supply mode is referring to accompanying drawing 4 circuit connecting modes.Its operation principle is identical with the single-phase system supply power mode of two lines.

Claims

1, a kind of active ionic switch lightning arrester, include the lightning arrester primary probe, lead, big ground electrode, the three becomes electric pathway to connect, it is characterized in that: outside primary probe, be provided with the lightning arrester secondary probe, have additional discharge conducting mechanism and passive active circuits for triggering in the electric pathway, lightning arrester secondary probe and primary probe insulation, and connect with passive active circuits for triggering, discharge conducting mechanism connects with primary probe, the active circuits for triggering become controlled with discharge conducting mechanism and are connected, the structure of wherein passive active circuits for triggering is: discharge conducting mechanism is in parallel with high voltage pulse transformer and discharge tube, the lightning arrester secondary probe is connected with discharge tube, and connect with the primary coil of high voltage pulse transformer by electric capacity, the inferior utmost point of high voltage pulse transformer, one end is connected with conducting mechanism one end that discharges by electric capacity, and the other end is connected with the other end of discharge conducting mechanism.

2, according to the described active ionic switch lightning arrester of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described discharge conducting mechanism is a lightning arrester ion spark chamber, physical circuit is: the two poles of the earth of lightning arrester ion spark chamber are in parallel with high voltage pulse transformer and discharge tube respectively, the lightning arrester secondary probe is connected with discharge tube, and connect with the primary coil of high voltage pulse transformer by resistance, electric capacity, the inferior utmost point of high voltage pulse transformer, one end is connected with a utmost point of ion spark chamber by electric capacity, and the other end is connected with another utmost point of ion spark chamber.

3, according to the described active ionic switch lightning arrester of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described discharge conducting mechanism is gas discharge tube or ceramic gas discharge tube, physical circuit is: connect electric capacity on the power transmission line phase line, the two ends of electric capacity are respectively as lightning arrester primary probe and secondary probe, wherein be connected with an end of gas discharge tube or ceramic gas discharge tube as a road of primary probe, the two ends of passive active circuits for triggering connect the other end and the grid of gas discharge tube or ceramic gas discharge tube respectively.

4; according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described active ionic switch lightning arresters; it is characterized in that: the lightning protection earth leakage protective device of will discharge conducting mechanism and passive active circuits for triggering and power transmission line is connected in series; simultaneously; with power transmission line as lightning arrester secondary probe and primary probe; wherein the structure of lightning protection earth leakage protective device is: be provided with a detection of electrical leakage inductor; form by a dropout switch and detection of electrical leakage inductor; the primary coil of detection of electrical leakage inductor is connected secondary coil and amplification with the main lightning circuit and the dropout switch of transmission of electricity circuit; the solenoid series connection of rectification circuit and dropout switch.

5, according to the described active ionic switch lightning arrester of claim 4, it is characterized in that: three or four discharge conducting mechanisms and passive active circuits for triggering connect three-phase lightning protection earth leakage protective device more respectively with three phase lines of power transmission line or be connected with zero line simultaneously.