CN2517162Y

CN2517162Y - Magnetic controllable reactor

Info

Publication number: CN2517162Y
Application number: CN 01278031
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘有斌; 谢卫
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2001-12-11
Filing date: 2001-12-11
Publication date: 2002-10-16
Anticipated expiration: 2011-12-11

Abstract

The methods adopted by power network reactive power compensation are basically without continuously adjustable capacity. The utility model relates to a new magnetic controlled reactor that can produce continuously adjustable reactive power, comprising a reactor body and a controller; two split iron core columns are arranged in the reactor; each of the iron core columns has similar cross-sectional area; two coils equipped with intermediate taps are arranged on the iron core column and are connected with two thyristors connected reversely, and a controllable direct current magnetic flux is produced; the reactor can has three column structure or four column structure; the cross-sectional areas of the iron core columns are equal or similar to the cross-sectional areas of the yokes arranged at both sides; and the effect of controlling the reactor capacity by electromagnet is achieved through saturation effect. The utility model has the advantages that, the cost is lower than that of the magnetic valve controllable reactor, and the utility model is an upgrade product for prior reactive power compensation devices.

Description

Magnetism-controlled reactor

The utility model is a kind of novel electric equipment that carries out reactive power compensation in the electrical network.

The main mode that is adopted when carrying out reactive power compensation in the electric power system is the switching that carries out capacitor, the capacity of its switching is not continuously adjustable, especially in the high voltage field, because cost is high, the progression of capacitance grading switching seldom, the control precision of reactive power does not almost have, and switching capacitance also produces very big shoving, and brings very big inconvenience for its practical application.The device that the present reactive capability that adopts can be regulated continuously is a Static Var Compensator, the electric pressure of its controller is identical with the electric pressure of reactor, involve great expense, and adopt controllable silicon to produce very big harmonic wave, need to increase in addition a cover filter and come the filtering harmonic wave, be in a word take up an area of very big, control very complicated, price is expensive especially, thereby has influenced being extensive use of of it, most still modes of capacitor switching that adopt in the electric network reactive compensation.

Load variations is very big between electrical network daytime and evening, and the capacitive reactive power breach is very big when loading the peak daytime, and to evening because circuit itself can produce idlely, even the idle situation of compensation perception can take place to need.The switching of electric power system mesohigh electric capacity is generally two-stage or level Four now, and realize relatively difficulty of automatic switching, this is because switching produces too big impact to shove, and is all bigger to the infringement of fling-cut switch and electric capacity, more than a day time switching, the life-span of switch is limited, adopt the special switch of external import, price is very expensive again, equally also has life problems, general automatic switching not, but adopt the mode of artificial switching.Present unattended transformer station is more and more, and the switching of reactive power compensation electric capacity is their face one unusual stubborn problem.Adopt two-stage or level Four switching, the control precision of its reactive capability is not almost known where to begin yet, and these all can increase network loss certainly, reduce the quality of operation of power networks.

Controlled reactor is to grow up on the basis of magnetic amplifier.Along with the appearance of the permalloy material of high magnetic flux density and low-loss grain orientation steel band and high magnetic permeability, high squareness factor, magnetic amplifier and saturable reactor theoretical and use and reach a new height, and be incorporated into electric power system.The major defect of common magnetic saturation reactor is: the change of control direct current can cause forming the variation of triangle coil inside electric current, depend on the triangle coil time constant settling time, its numerical value is bigger, makes the response time slack-off, can't satisfy the needs of quick adjustment; Be exactly that effective material consumption (3.0kg/kVA) and active loss (1.0%) are bigger in addition, the effective material consumption and the active loss of general uncontrollable iron core reactor have only 0.8kg/kVA and 0.5% respectively.Because these shortcomings are restricted applying of traditional controlled reactor.Russia once proposed the notion of controlled reactor " magnet valve ", and had realized brand new design and sample development that winding (work winding, control winding, compensation winding) is arranged subsequently, made the development of controlled reactor that certain progress arranged.But the deadly defect of this reactor is: for guaranteeing to have only the magnet valve section of small cross sections to be in saturated all the time, and remainder is unsaturated, certainly will will increase the area of remainder core section, and effective material usage of reactor is increased, cost is higher, and loss increase, noise increase.

The utility model is exactly at above-mentioned situation, adjustable continuously with capacity, reduce harmonic noise, cost is minimum be a kind of magnetism-controlled reactor that target is developed.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of three pillar type controlled reactor

Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of four-column type controlled reactor

Accompanying drawing 3 exchanges magnetizing flux path (during the positive half cycle of power supply) for four-column type

Accompanying drawing 4 exchanges magnetizing flux path (during the power-half cycle) for four-column type

Accompanying drawing 5 is four-column type dc magnetizing magnetic flux path when power-half cycle and T2 conducting (when positive half cycle of power supply and T1 conducting or)

Accompanying drawing 6 exchanges magnetizing flux path (during the positive half cycle of power supply) for three pillar type

Accompanying drawing 7 exchanges magnetizing flux path (during the power-half cycle) for three pillar type

Accompanying drawing 8 is three pillar type dc magnetizing magnetic flux path when power-half cycle and T2 conducting (when positive half cycle of power supply and T1 conducting or)

Accompanying drawing 9 is a magnetism-controlled reactor control principle block diagram

Accompanying drawing 10 is always schemed for the wiring of controlled reactor control system principle

The utility model is divided into reactor body and control circuit two parts. The body of reactor as Illustrated in figures 1 and 2, employing be symmetrical structure, its objective is that assurance is under any circumstance Magnetic circuit all is full symmetric, and can eliminate by the asymmetric loss that causes of magnetic circuit increases, makes an uproar The harmful effect that sound increases; Reactor is single-phase reactor, is three posts or four-column type structure, its In the iron core column of two divisions is arranged, three pillar type structure clash iron core column is on both sides, the centre is magnetic conduction With iron core column; Four-column type structure two split core posts are in the centre, and both sides respectively have a magnetic conduction to use Iron core column. In all kinds of controlled reactors, have on its split core post of magnetic valve type one section or The part that multistage falls in, magnetic saturation mainly concentrate on this part, because saturated too concentrated, When big capacity, manufacture certain difficulty; The magnet controlled part that does not then fall in, Split core post sectional area up and down is identical, namely saturatedly all sends out on whole split core post Give birth to, core section is long-pending can be identical, and also allowing to make has deviation, but division iron Winding surrounds the minimum place sectional area of part and the ratio of the sectional area of maximum sectional area on the stem stem Should be greater than 50%. Each division is equipped with two on post and is with tapped winding, four around Group is called upper left, lower-left, upper right, bottom right winding, three outlets numberings of each winding

Be

1,2,3,1 to be upper outlet, 3 is lower outlet, and 2 is centre tap, always has 12 Leading-out terminal. Wherein upper left 1 links to each other with upper right 1, and lower-left 3 links to each other with bottom right 3, receives respectively The two ends of single phase alternating current power supply. Upper left 3 link to each other with bottom right 1, and just receive fly-wheel diode The utmost point. Upper right 3 link to each other with lower-left 1 and receive the negative pole of fly-wheel diode. Upper left 2 connect forward can The positive pole of control silicon, lower-left 2 connects forward silicon controlled negative pole; Upper right 2 connect reverse silicon controlled bears The utmost point, bottom right 2 connect reverse silicon controlled positive pole. Controllable silicon wherein, fly-wheel diode and triggering Control circuit has consisted of the control section of controlled reactor, by the control silicon controlled angle of flow just Can control the direct current flux of reactor itself, thereby just can control the capacity of reactor.

The used material of the iron core of magnet controlled reactor also has requirement, wish that the pairing magnetic field intensity H of point at identical magnetic flux density B should be bigger on the magnetization curve of material therefor, its objective is for the volume that can suitably reduce reactor under the situation of capacity, therefore all or part of material therefor of core of reactor is that the magnetic field intensity H of the point of 1.5 teslas (T) is greater than 200 amperes per meter (A/m) at magnetic flux density B on this material magnetization curve.

Reactor can be the three pillar type structure, also can be the four-column type structure, and the three pillar type structure is having some advantages aspect technology and the cost.To three pillar type or four-column type structure, the conducting magnet core post, yoke portion can be designed as saturated, so that contribute for the capacity of reactor, also can be designed as undersaturated, to reduce the increase of the saturated loss that is brought, so the sectional area of the sectional area of conducting magnet core post and yoke portion and split core post can be close, also can in certain scope, change, ratio to the wherein minimum sectional area of three pillar type structure and maximum secting area is greater than 30%, ratio to the wherein minimum sectional area of four-column type structure and maximum secting area is greater than 50%, so that look for a reasonably compromise between cost and loss.

The utility model improves on the basis of original magnetic valve type reactor, and its outstanding feature is to reduce the utilization rate of material, thereby can reduce cost significantly; Can avoid the magnetic line of force in the too concentrated shortcoming of local segment saturated section lengthening, can reduce vibration and noise significantly, and its capacity regulating wide ranges, simple in structure, cost is lower, all can reach 100% from zero load to fully loaded regulation rate, can directly be connected to the supertension line side.Because the special construction of magnet controlled reactor, make it have simple structure, broad adjustable range, less high order harmonic component, less active loss and response speed faster.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is further described.

1. running status

Do not consider the transient process of thyristor, diode current flow and shutoff, reactor can be divided in the running status of a power frequency period: 1. T ₁, T ₂Not conducting, this moment, reactor just was equivalent to the common transformer of a no-load running, and no-load current is very little, reactor capacity minimum; 2. when power supply is in positive half cycle, thyristor T ₁Bear forward voltage, T ₂Bear reverse voltage, if T ₁Conducting is triggered, line voltage is that the winding of δ is after the lotus root transformation through no-load voltage ratio, lower semisection by winding provides direct-current control voltage to circuit, produce excitatory bias current, four-column type structure alternating current-direct current magnetic circuit is respectively as Fig. 3, Fig. 5, three pillar type structure alternating current-direct current magnetic circuit is respectively as Fig. 6, Fig. 8, and both synthesize and are actual magnetic flux and distribute, and at this moment split core post in the left side is saturated; 3. when power supply is in negative half period, thyristor T ₁Bear reverse voltage, T ₂Bear forward voltage, if T ₂Conducting is triggered, direct-current control voltage and excitatory bias current can be provided equally, and it is in full accord when DC control sense of current and state 2, its alternating current-direct current magnetic circuit of four-column type structure is respectively as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, its alternating current-direct current magnetic circuit of three pillar type structure is respectively as Fig. 7, Fig. 8, both synthesize is that actual magnetic flux distributes, and at this moment the right split core post is saturated.Like this, in a power frequency period of AC power, thyristor T ₁, T ₂In turn conducting played full-wave rectification, diode then plays the afterflow effect.Because the DC control sense of current remains unchanged, the triggering and conducting angle that changes thyristor just can change the size of excitatory bias current, thereby changes the degree of saturation of core of reactor magnetic circuit, reaches the purpose of smooth adjustment reactor capacity.

2. capacity regulating

The working range of triggering and conducting angle α is 0～180 degree, when α equals 0 when spending, thyristor T ₁, T ₂Conducting 180 degree in turn, the excitatory bias current maximum of Chan Shenging at this moment, magnetic circuit is the most saturated, the magnetic resistance maximum of magnetic circuit, required exciting curent maximum, reactor capacity maximum; Along with the increase of α, the thyristor ON time reduces, and excitatory bias current reduces, and the magnetic circuit saturation reduces, and magnetic resistance reduces, and exciting curent reduces, and the reactor capacity reduces; When α reaches 180 when spending, not conducting of thyristor does not have excitatory bias current and produces, and is equivalent to the no-load running of a transformer, reactor capacity minimum.Under any circumstance, the magnetic flux that excitatory bias current produced direction in two split core posts is opposite, and is closed voluntarily.

3, control device

The control of reactor also illustrates, as Fig. 9, shown in Figure 10, the electric current of controlled device and voltage become low level voltage signal through overcurrent, voltage transformer, carry out the A/D conversion then, the frequency of A/D conversion changes with the change of AC signal frequency, can obtain voltage effective value and reactive power and power factor according to the principle of AC sampling, carry out digital PID according to the principle of voltage control or power factor controlling or both compound control and regulate calculating, draw the silicon controlled angle of flow that needs and come.Voltage transformer produces synchronization pulse simultaneously, be used for the silicon controlled zero passage and drive, synchronizing signal enters the signal capture terminal of CPU, produces one road pwm signal by timer internal, carry out anti-phasely, and drive controllable silicon and reach the desired angle of flow through pulse transformer.

The utlity model has the distinguishing features such as simple in structure, with low cost, control performance excellence.

Claims

1, a kind ofly is used for the magnetism-controlled reactor that electrical network carries out reactive power compensation, constituted by iron core column, yoke portion, winding, diode, controllable silicon and the control circuit of symmetry; It is characterized in that: described reactor has the iron core column of two divisions, be equipped with two on each split core post and be with tapped winding, the winding of band tap links to each other with controllable silicon and diode, each split core post wherein winding to surround the core section of part long-pending be close, the ratio that wherein minimum place core section is long-pending and the maximum core section is long-pending is greater than 50%.

2, magnet controlled reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the split core post of described reactor, wherein the minimum place sectional area of winding encirclement part and the optimal proportion scope of maximum sectional area are between 95% to 100%.

3, according to claim 1,2 described magnet controlled reactors, it is characterized in that: all or part of used material of described core of reactor is that the magnetic field intensity H of point of 1.5 teslas (T) is greater than 200 amperes per meter (A/m) at magnetic flux density B on this material magnetization curve.

4, according to claim 1,2,3 described magnet controlled reactors, it is characterized in that: described reactor is the three pillar type structure, the sectional area of all iron core column and both sides yoke portion sectional area are close, and the ratio of minimum sectional area wherein and maximum secting area is greater than 30%.

5, according to claim 1,2,3 described magnet controlled reactors, it is characterized in that: described reactor is the four-column type structure, the sectional area of all iron core column and both sides yoke portion sectional area are close, and the ratio of minimum sectional area wherein and maximum secting area is greater than 50%.