CN2476826Y - Magnetic declination compensation measuring device - Google Patents

Magnetic declination compensation measuring device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN2476826Y
CN2476826Y CN 01240117 CN01240117U CN2476826Y CN 2476826 Y CN2476826 Y CN 2476826Y CN 01240117 CN01240117 CN 01240117 CN 01240117 U CN01240117 U CN 01240117U CN 2476826 Y CN2476826 Y CN 2476826Y
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magnetic
compensating
magnetic declination
constant current
component
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印开山
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Institute of Earthquake of China Earthquake Administration
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Institute of Earthquake of China Earthquake Administration
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a magnetic declination measuring device, in particular to a magnetic declination compensating and measuring device. In order to overcome the difficulty in the constant absolute observation of the magnetic declination, the utility model provides a compensating and measuring device which has higher cost performance. The measuring device mainly consists of a rearranged nuclear spin instrument, a constant flow source, a GPS clock and a set of component instrument. As the three components F, H, and D of the geomagnetism elements are measured at the same time, no time differential exists, the observation result is better than the vector measure, and the constant real-time and absolute measurement can be achieved, therefore, the utility model has a wide prospect in application.

Description

Magnetic declination compensating measure device
The utility model relates to a kind of measurement mechanism of magnetic declination, relates in particular to a kind of compensating measure device of magnetic declination.
The existence in magnetic field of the earth (abbreviation earth magnetism) is one of human geophysical phenomena of early finding, and as far back as B.C. several centuries, our ancestors have just had been found that the ground magnetic phenomenon, and have utilized compass in eightth century of Christian era in navigation.Geomagnetic data has obtained using widely in navigation, exploration, geoscience research field, therefore receives much attention.In order to observe the variation of the fundamental magnetic field of the earth, there are up to a hundred the geomagnetic observation stations in the whole world in running around the clock.
Earth magnetism (F) is a vector field, shown in Fig. 1 (earth magnetism polar plot).Determine that the terrestrial magnetic field of a certain observation station need describe with three components independent of each other.These independent components are called magnetic element.Alternative magnetic element commonly used has F (geomagnetic total intensity, i.e. the mould of magnetic vector), X, Y, Z (earth magnetism northwards, eastwards, downward three components), H (geomagnetism horizontal component, be the projection of earth magnetism on surface level, its direction is the magnetic meridian direction), D (geomagnetic declination, angle between geographic north and magnetic meridian) and I (earth's magnetic dip angle, promptly the terrestrial magnetic field is to the inclination angle of surface level).These key elements can have the combination of multiple mode, as X, Y, Z; H, D, Z; F, D, I etc., known wherein independently three, other key element just can be calculated.
At present, magnetic declination measuring method and the instrument thereof that adopts both at home and abroad has:
1. mgnetic observations method.Hang needle with the torsionless hang spring, when needle stopped, the needle axis direction was the magnetic declination direction.As the COOKE magnetic theodolite of Britain, the CJ6 magnetic theodolite of China.
2. measurement of inductance method.Utilize electromagnetic induction principle, coil is moved in magnetic field, when the coil plane axis was parallel with magnetic field, because the then non-inductive electric current of cutting magnetic line not, this axis direction was magnetic direction.As the first-class magnetometer of the GSI of Japan.
3. fluxgate mensuration.Utilize fluxgate magnetic core that the good directivity characteristics are arranged, as: the DIM-100 of Canadian EDA company, the MAG-01H of Britain BARTINGTON company and Chinese Academy of Sciences's geophysics the DI instrument.
4. vector measurement method.Utilize coil to produce the magnetic field cancellation Z component, in surface level, produce the opposite magnetic field of both direction again, carry out vector addition respectively with geomagnetic horizontal intensity and measure.Calculate magnetic declination by certain geometric relationship.As several countries abroad being arranged, domesticly having Chinese Academy of Sciences geophysics institute and Jiangsu Earthquake Bureau to use the method.
Since 1. 2. 3. three kinds of methods be to operate manually, be difficult to realize automatic observation.Though the 4. method of the planting continuous coverage magnetic declination automatically, the cost height can't be measured in real time, and the magnetic perturbation time error is big.
The purpose of this utility model just is to overcome the shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned mensuration and device existence thereof.And a kind of magnetic declination compensation measuring method and device thereof are proposed, fundamentally (on the principle) solved the magnetic declination difficulty of absolute observation continuously.
This magnetic declination compensation measuring method is achieved in that shown in Fig. 2 (penalty method schematic diagram), promptly utilizes a horizontal coil to produce magnetic field Z ', basic full remuneration magnetic vertical component intensity Z; Produce horizontal magnetic field H with another vertical coil W, the angle of its axial dipole field H is 90 °+β, substantially the projection components H of full remuneration H component on coil axis W', at this moment can more accurately measure H with penalty method D, as long as H WBe level, and the angle α between it and the geographic north is known, just can calculates magnetic declination D:
D＝β-α＝COS -1H D/H-α
The α measurement has two kinds of methods, and a kind of is that traditional ratio is surveyed method, and another kind requires coil and scale to carry out Precision Machining, and mixes telescopic system and D calibrating tube, and self-calibration is directly measured the α angle.
This penalty method is compared with domestic and international general vector method, and its advantage is:
1. penalty method can be measured three component F, H, the D of magnetic element, no mistiming simultaneously; And the vector rule must add the complementary field electric current of positive and negative both direction respectively and do twice measurement in front and back in the magnetic declination coil, could together make magnetic declination with horizontal magnetic field intensity calculates, realize the measurement of magnetic declination, can bring bigger error like this when magnetic perturbation, this fatal weakness has limited its application.
2. utilize penalty method to measure magnetic declination, the drift angle measured value is the minimum point of deflection angle compensate field, is analogous to measurement level or vertical intensity.Less because of near the magnetic field gradient the extreme point, and vector method is that the drift angle complementary field is carried out vector addition, and near the magnetic field gradient its measured value point is bigger, so for same measured intensity instrument, penalty method can obtain better observational data.
3. when magnetic is quiet, for obtaining same magnetic declination measuring accuracy, vector method needs ten thousand/ the constant current source degree of stability, and penalty method only needs 3/1000ths degree of stability, cost is saved greatly.
4. the drift angle computing formula of penalty method:
D＝β-α＝COS -1H D/H-α(1)
International vector method computing formula:
D＝D 0+θ＝D 0+SIN -1[(R + 2-R - 2)/4HC](2)
H in the formula (1) DBring error with two measured values of H, R in the formula (2) +, R -, three measured values of H bring error.Simultaneously C is not a constant, and it is subjected to the error that the instability of constant current source is brought.
More than two kinds of computing formula can find out same ionization meter instrument significantly, the observed result of penalty method definitely is better than vector method.
5. penalty method has solved the ground magnetic vector field difficult problem of absolute measurement in real time continuously more effectively.It can use proton magnetometer (nuclear-precession magnetometer or OVERHAUSEN double resonance proton instrument) and can produce effective compensating field coil combined, measures F, H, H respectively DThree magnetic field intensitys, and can more accurately calculate the three-component accurate absolute value of earth magnetism.Use the compensating coil measurement result of G856 nuclear-precession magnetometer and oneself assembling to show according to the Wuhan geomagnetic observatory: the precision of horizontal component H is 0.3nT, and 6 months drift value is less than 1.5nT; The precision of vertical component Z is 0.4nT, and 6 months drift value is less than 1.5nT; Magnetic declination D precision is 0.04 ', 6 months drift value less than 0.15 '.This result is rare in the existing at home and abroad observational data report.
The best in the world Continuous Observation instrument flux-gate magnetometer of introducing according to IAGA (international geomagnetism and high-altitude physics association) is a kind of relative observation instrument, its baseline year drift value is 5nT, the environment temperature that requires is 5 ℃ of year temperature difference, realize that it is very big that such insulation requires expensive, and domestic neither one geomagnetic observation station can reach this requirement.And adopt penalty method observation without any exacting terms with proton magnetometer.Because it is not subjected to the influence of other factorses such as temperature, humidity, as long as the pier base is firm, the no sun directly shines and wind (the pier base tilts and winding deformation can cause the measured value drift), and these requirements very easily realize.Utilize penalty method to measure magnetic declination, can use more a spot of funds, the observational data quality of obtaining meets or exceeds the most advanced in the world station (measuring the earth magnetism head becomes to becoming), and has solved a series of problems of terrestrial magnetic field three-component absolute value robotization continuous coverage and networking transmission in real time.This has obtained a big breakthrough in that geomagnetic observation is technical.
Adopt this measurement mechanism of this penalty method development mainly to form by nuclear-precession magnetometer (G856) (abbreviation rotary nucleus decice), two constant current sources, gps clock, an one-component instrument of repacking.
Describe in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 takes aim at the field vector of stating earth magnetism to want sketch map;
Fig. 2 is this penalty method schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 forms block scheme for this device;
Fig. 4 is the compensating coil structural drawing;
This device of Fig. 5 embodiment block scheme.
Wherein: the rotary nucleus decice of 1-repacking, 1.1-probe; The 2-component device, 2.1-Z compensating coil, 2.2-D compensating coil, 2.3-base; The 3-computing machine; The 4-GPS clock; The 5-voltage stabilizer; The 6-constant current source, 6.1-Z compensates constant current source, and 6.2-D compensates constant current source; 7-constant current source controller; The 8-controller; The 9-timer; 10-parallel interface chip 8255A; The 11-keyboard; The 12-display; The 13-RS-232 level; The 14-PC machine; The 15-external memory storage.
By Fig. 3, Fig. 4 as can be known, this device is connected with computing machine 3, gps clock 4, voltage stabilizer 5, Z compensation constant current source 6.1, D compensation constant current source 6.2 respectively by rotary nucleus decice 1; The probe 1.1 of rotary nucleus decice 1 places the center of component device 2 again; Component device 2 is made up of Z compensating coil 2.1, D compensating coil 2.2 and base 2.3.The center of two groups of coils overlaps; Z compensating coil 2.1 horizontal positioned are connected with Z compensation constant current source 6.1; D compensating coil 2.2 is vertically placed, and is connected with D compensation constant current source 6.2.Base 2.3 structures are analogous to general transit, promptly have the rotation platform of scale, and 360 ° of directions rotate freely.Two 6 " spirit-leveling instrument of precision, 90 ° of direction branches are put both sides, base leveling precision is 1 ".
Rotary nucleus decice 1 is an instrument of measuring absolute force, and its probe 1.1 is placed on the center of component device 2; When component device 2 does not add offset current, geodetic magnetic total intensity F.
The Z compensating coil 2.1 of one group of horizontal positioned, its magnetic axis is in vertical plane, when in coil, passing to certain offset current, make the magnetic field of generation equal the vertical component Z value of this earth magnetism and direction when opposite, just can offset Z, minimum value appears in rotary nucleus decice 1 measured value, and this measured value is the horizontal intensity H of this earth magnetism.
It is 90 °+β that the vertical D compensating coil of placing 2.2 of another group is adjusted to skew magnetic north angle with axis, passes to certain offset current in coil, makes magnetic field value its size and the projection H of this horizontal intensity on magnetic axis of generation W' equating that direction is opposite, when cancelling out each other, minimum value appears in rotary nucleus decice 1 measured value, is to calculate the magnetic field value H that magnetic declination needs D
By above analysis, this measuring process is:
1. geodetic magnetic total intensity F.
2. connect Z compensating coil 2.1 electric currents of horizontal positioned, the geomagnetic horizontal intensity H value when measuring full remuneration.
3. Z compensating coil 2.1 electric currents are constant, connect vertical D compensating coil 2.2 electric currents of placing again, the H when measuring full remuneration D
4. disconnected offset current, the storage data are to computing machine.
Computing machine is according to observation time and F, H, the H of this moment by GPS control D,
Because: H=H
So: Z=(F 2-H 2) 1/2
D＝COS -1(H D/H)+α
Thereby directly calculate earth magnetism H, the Z of this moment and the accurate absolute value of three-component of D.
This device per minute is measured once, computing machine provides the three-component minute value of the geomagnetic observation station, the integral point value, maximum value and time, minimal value and time, hourly value, annual average, the needed various data of month and earth magnetism annual report have solved artificial spirogram of China's Geomagnetic Station and manual difficulty for a long time, make digital telemetry geomagnetic observatory net become possibility.
The accuracy of observation of this device greatly improves than the past manual spirogram.The H component is brought up to 0.3nT by 2.5nT, and Z component is brought up to 0.4nT by 2.5nT, D by 0.25 ' bring up to 0.04, the annual variation of baseline reduces to 3.0nT by 30nT.This observed result is domestic not to be had, international rare, should be a breakthrough of geomagnetic observation technology.
If this magnetic declination penalty method adopts the gps time service system, three Overhausen double resonances of synchro control proton magnetometer is measured F, H, H respectively on three measuring points D, can obtain measuring period after the elimination pier difference is the continuously absolute three-component data of Millisecond, and its resolution is 0.01nT, and precision is 0.2nT.In order to eliminate the influence that the pier base tilts, component device 2 must be hung, probe 1.1 is done some simple sealings and moistureproof, component device 2 skeletons can adopt the less quartz material of deformation coefficient, taking can become year drift value less than 1.0nT after these measures, precision is the accurate absolute observation device of continuous coverage of the full-automation of 0.2nT, and the comparator device is depended in its accuracy, and this will make the geomagnetic observation technology obtain once bigger leap.
The embodiment of this device as shown in Figure 4, because the compact conformation of G856 magnetometer, powerful, its 8K program storage takies substantially, thereby can't expand again, so use the 8031CPU single-chip microcomputer as host CPU, by the CDP1802CPU work of controller 8 control G856 magnetometers.Promptly adopt two CPU working methods.8031CPU measured three times by timer 9 control CDP1802CPU each minute, measured earth magnetism always F, horizontal component H, H by force successively DProgrammable parallel interface chip 8255A10 can accept external command and video data as the interface of keyboard 11 and LCD display 12.Because the serial port of 8031 single-chip microcomputers is the output of standard Transistor-Transistor Logic level, for making itself and RS-232C level 13 interfaces, adopt MAX202CP as converter, convert RS-232C level to, with the realization level match.And join with the serial of GPS GPS, can receive longitude and latitude and universal time, join with PC 14 and can carry out both-way communication, by controller control G856 magnetometer, the data of measuring storage are sent to computing machine, do late time data and handle.The constant current source part that is used for Helmholtz coil magnetic component offset current is made up of three high performance integrated circuits that MAXIM company produces, and its maximum output current can reach 500 milliamperes, wide range input voltage (4.5V-15V) and high stability.External memory storage 15 can be with earth magnetism total strong F, horizontal component H, H DValues for tuning store.
This device performance:
1. resolution: 0.1nT, precision F0.3nT;
2. measurement range: 200000nT-900000nT;
3. divide accuracy of measurement: Z (H) 0.5nT; Drift angle D0.05;
4. constant-current accuracy 0.05;
5. environment temperature :-10 ℃-40 ℃;
6. sampling interval: 1 minute;
7. time error: 0.1s/ day (GPS automatic correcting time);
8. output interface: RS-232C;
9. power supply: 12V direct current.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of magnetic declination compensating measure device, it is characterized in that this device mainly is made up of rotary nucleus decice, two constant current sources, gps clock, an one-component instrument of repacking, its annexation is: compensated constant current source (6.2) and be connected with computing machine (3), gps clock (4), voltage stabilizer (5), Z compensation constant current source (6.1), D respectively by rotary nucleus decice (1); The probe (1.1) of rotary nucleus decice (1) places the center of component device (2) again.
2,, it is characterized in that component device (2) is made up of Z compensating coil (2.1), D compensating coil (2.2) and base (2.3) by the described a kind of magnetic declination compensating measure device of claim 1; The center of two groups of coils overlaps; Z compensating coil (2.1) horizontal positioned is connected with Z compensation constant current source (6.1); D compensating coil (2.2) is vertical to be placed, and is connected with D compensation constant current source (6.2); Base (2.3) be one have a scale can 360 ° of platforms that direction rotates freely, two 6 " spirit-leveling instrument of precision, 90 ° of direction branches are put both sides, base leveling precision is 1 ".
3, by the described a kind of magnetic declination compensating measure device of claim 1, it is characterized in that component device (2) hangs placement, the skeleton of component device (2) adopts the less quartz material of deformation coefficient, and probe (1.1) is done sealing and is handled with moistureproof.
CN 01240117 2001-05-22 2001-05-22 Magnetic declination compensation measuring device Expired - Fee Related CN2476826Y (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101387693B (en) * 2008-10-17 2011-02-09 宁波菲仕电机技术有限公司 Permanent magnet declination measuring meter and measurement method
CN102591356A (en) * 2012-03-13 2012-07-18 中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心 Navigation control system and method for achieving navigation control
WO2014015755A1 (en) * 2012-07-25 2014-01-30 华为终端有限公司 Magnetometer direction angle correction method and magnetometer
WO2015014161A1 (en) * 2013-07-30 2015-02-05 中国冶金地质总局山东正元地质勘查院 Method and device for high-precision field measurement of terrestrial magnetism vectors
CN107121710A (en) * 2017-05-09 2017-09-01 东莞市金铭电子有限公司 Test fixture and the method that geomagnetic sensor is calibrated by test fixture
CN108375801A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-07 吉林大学 Ground Nuclear Magnetic Resonance movable type three-component magnetic surveying device and magnetic survey method

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101387693B (en) * 2008-10-17 2011-02-09 宁波菲仕电机技术有限公司 Permanent magnet declination measuring meter and measurement method
CN102591356A (en) * 2012-03-13 2012-07-18 中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心 Navigation control system and method for achieving navigation control
WO2014015755A1 (en) * 2012-07-25 2014-01-30 华为终端有限公司 Magnetometer direction angle correction method and magnetometer
US9702957B2 (en) 2012-07-25 2017-07-11 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Method for correcting orientation of magnetometer
WO2015014161A1 (en) * 2013-07-30 2015-02-05 中国冶金地质总局山东正元地质勘查院 Method and device for high-precision field measurement of terrestrial magnetism vectors
US9910183B2 (en) 2013-07-30 2018-03-06 China Metallurgical Geology Bureau Geological Exploration Institute Of Shandong Zhengyuan High precision field measurement method for geomagnetic vectors and a device thereof
CN107121710A (en) * 2017-05-09 2017-09-01 东莞市金铭电子有限公司 Test fixture and the method that geomagnetic sensor is calibrated by test fixture
CN108375801A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-07 吉林大学 Ground Nuclear Magnetic Resonance movable type three-component magnetic surveying device and magnetic survey method

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