CN2405256Y

CN2405256Y - Easy to learn type abacus

Info

Publication number: CN2405256Y
Application number: CN 99253074
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薛蔚
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-11-13
Filing date: 1999-11-13
Publication date: 2000-11-08
Anticipated expiration: 2009-11-13

Abstract

The utility model relates to an easy-to-learn abacus, which belongs to the filed of computing technique or intelligence toys. The utility model organically combines abstract numerical codes with visual reference substances to form a systematic entirety. The utility model is characterized in that numerical code blocks and corresponding reference substances are arranged in an integral frame which is divided into three layers, an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer, and the integral frame is provided with 9 frames, wherein, the outer layer and the middle layer are respectively composed of four frames. One side of the integral frame can be connected with an abacus with a small quantity of shelves. The utility model is mainly used for the formative education of mathematics, and is favorable for promoting children to easily recognize numbers and to learn computation methods. Besides, the utility model is favorable for promoting the development of abacus culture.

Description

Easy to learn type abacus

This product belongs to computing technique or puzzle field.

The formative education that Easy to learn type abacus is primarily aimed at the children and adolescents learning mathematics designs.Rudimentary maths initiation will be taught practical significance that the most basic natural number of the correct understanding of child and these numerical tables reach and relation each other earlier, and the simple signed magnitude arithmetic(al) of learning and mastering.In first grade of primary school mathematics teaching material, main figure or the form of contrast mutually in kind that adopts numeral and respective numbers, religion children and adolescents study of numbers.For example, during teaching natural number 2, adopt several 2 additional two round dots or two methods such as finger, the simple formula of imparting knowledge to students also is like this.The way comparison image is counted in this, but weak point is can only disperse to carry out, and will prepare scheme respectively when numeral of every religion or formula, lacks globality, also all teaching notes substantially on textbook, child mainly accepts by passive understanding and lacks initiative.

The purpose of this utility model is for a kind of rudimentary maths initiation educational aid of suitable children and adolescents characteristics is provided, improve the rudimentary maths initiation educational method, strengthen the interest and the intelligence of children and adolescents learning mathematics, promote children and adolescents to be easy to study of numbers, grasp the arithmetic sum rechoning by the abacus.

Easy to learn type abacus, its major technique are by certain way abstract number to be integrated and gathered with the object of reference (object of corresponding some) of image, and formation has the product that systematics is counted function.

The structure of Easy to learn type abacus mainly contains compositions such as general frame, digital piece and object of reference, as shown in Figure 1.

" 1 " is general frame, its structure as shown in Figure 2, can be divided into outer, in, interior three layers, have 9 frames, wherein, each is made up of outer, middle level 4 frames.

" 2 " are digital piece, indicate 1-9 totally 9 basic natural number numbers respectively.

" 3 " are object of reference, i.e. the concrete object of the some of corresponding digital piece, and these objects can adopt other object of pearl or regular shape, or adopt the object of animal and plant shapes.

Combination " 2 " digital piece and " 3 " object of reference is called " number-thing " unit, has 9 " number-thing " unit, and they place respectively in 9 frames of general frame of Easy to learn type abacus.Digital piece and object of reference can adopt methods such as shelves or plate washer, link with general frame.For example, in Fig. 1, " 4 " are shelves, and it is connected in digital piece and object of reference in the frame.Generally speaking, 4 " number-thing " unit of expression

natural number

6,7,8,9 place in outer 4 frames of general frame, and relative position can be arranged arbitrarily; 5 " number-thing " unit of expression

natural number

1,2,3,4,5 place in 5 frames of the middle level of general frame and internal layer, and relative position can be arranged arbitrarily.

For strengthening the computing function of Easy to learn type abacus, in a side of above-mentioned Easy to learn type abacus, connect the abacus of a small amount of gear, as shown in Figure 3, the product of Gou Chenging can claim reinforced Easy to learn type abacus like this.

The prior art close with Easy to learn type abacus has abacus, should abacus be the very vivid teaching aid that children and adolescents is recognized number, grasp arithmetic principle, but abacus applies to rudimentary maths initiation when education, has two defectives: the one, and the environment that can not provide the pearl sign indicating number of abstract number and image to mutually combine, contrast mutually; The 2nd, five liters of system counting rules of abacus for a children and adolescents that does not form mathematical concept, is ignorant of the natural count method, are difficult to accept, and obscure easily.Have only after teenager children has certain Fundamentals of Mathematics, abacus could be accepted by them.Comparatively speaking, the major advantage of Easy to learn type abacus is:

1. globality is strong.Basic religion naturally and object of reference are fused into the integral body of a system.

2. the unification of abstractness and iconicity.The object of abstract number and image is combined by inner link, synthesize and coordinate visual, ear is listened, manually and think deeply various functions, the effect with conditioned reflex is compared in reinforcement, cultivate and strengthen the interest and the initiative of children and adolescents study number, promote children and adolescents specifically, intuitively, learning and mastering number and computing method naturally.

3. help guiding the interest and the hobby of children and adolescents enhancing, can realize rudimentary maths initiation education, promote the rechoning by the abacus culture directly from rechoning by the abacus to rechoning by the abacus or abacus.

The explanation of accompanying drawing drawing.Fig. 1-Easy to learn type abacus structural representation, wherein (1) is general frame, and (2) are digital piece, and (3) are object of reference, and (4) are shelves; Fig. 2-Easy to learn type abacus general frame synoptic diagram; An embodiment of Fig. 3-Easy to learn type abacus; Another embodiment of Fig. 4-Easy to learn type abacus.Digital distribution plan among Fig. 5-Fig. 4; Fig. 6-Luo book or nine officials figure.

The optimum implementation of this utility model.Easy to learn type abacus can form numerous assembled schemes because the ordering of the digital piece of its ingredient is different different with the selection of object of reference.Optimum implementation such as Fig. 3 or shown in Figure 4 promptly arrange with Fig. 3 or order shown in Figure 4 when digital piece, and object of reference adopts bead, when adding the abacus of three gears, and this scheme the best.This be because: 1. the form of Easy to learn type abacus is consistent with regular abacus; 2. number or pearl sign indicating number are arranged and have been comprised abundant plus-minus method number reason relation, present regularity.Difference as four sides, two numbers is 5; Vertical or laterally digital except that 5, the odd number sum equals the even number sum, and so on, has further strengthened the intelligence entertaining of Easy to learn type abacus.

In fact, the Easy to learn type abacus of Fig. 3, optimum implementation shown in Figure 4 also has more profound significance, and the effect that it is brought into play has surmounted rudimentary maths initiation education scope, and is:

1, promotes people's scientific knowledge east time-honoured, eternal mystery " HeTuLuoShu " (one of "The Book of Changes" academic research problem).The arranged distribution of number is river figure (having save several 10) among Fig. 3.Is the arranged distribution of number what among Fig. 4? resemble river figure at first glance, because the vertical and horizontal digital sum of this figure equates (annotate: this relation is false in Fig. 3), it can also further develop, the arrangement of number among Fig. 4 just can be derived Lip river book or nine officials figure (concrete derivation such as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6) as long as change a little.Therefore we can say that the arranged distribution of number is the initial configuration of Lip river book among Fig. 4.This shows that Lip river book and river figure have the inherence, inevitable several reasons to concern getting in touch of aspect---both are the results of array computing with going out a source, are the intelligent crystallizations of mathematics, rather than the sort of born wonder of successive dynasties legend.

2, promote the mathematical principle that people's full appreciation abacus forms.The release of Easy to learn type abacus can allow more people correctly be familiar with HeTuLuoShu, and then goes to think deeply getting in touch of HeTuLuoShu and abacus.At first from mathematical principle, the several reason characteristics of HeTuLuoShu and the main rule of abacus match: one, the difference of two numbers of river figure four sides is 5, promptly basic natural number greater than 5 can be expressed as several 5 and add one less than 5 natural number, this with the abacus bead sign indicating number in 5 following pearls are risen to make five liters of system rules that go up pearl corresponding; Its two, three on the longitudinal and transverse and diagonal of Lip river book number sums are 15, this is consistent with the indicating value of every grade 7 pearl in the abacus.Secondly find from history, although the thought history of " computing of behaviour pearl " is long, but Ji Lu ripe abacus is Song's grand picture scroll " Riverside Scene at the Pure Moon Festival " of (960-1127 in Christian era) reflection people's lives just the earliest, and the left end of this width of cloth figure has the big abacus of seven stains of one 15 lattice (shelves) (pearl).Although and HeTuLuoShu early has legend in Qin period, up to Song just just by known to the common people.The historical time of the discovery of HeTuLuoShu and the generation of abacus has surprising coincidence.To sum up cause can be done a guess, and the physical form of abacus originates from pearl, and the mathematical principle of abacus comes from HeTuLuoShu.Easy to learn type abacus is united HeTuLuoShu and rechoning by the abacus combination, can disclose or reflect the mathematical principle that abacus forms.

Claims

1, a kind of Easy to learn type abacus, it is characterized in that comprising general frame (1), digital piece (2) and object of reference correspondingly (3), that general frame (1) is divided into is outer, in, interior three layers, 9 frames are arranged, its ectomesoderm, middle level respectively are made up of 4 frames, and digital piece and corresponding object of reference place in each frame.

2, a kind of Easy to learn type abacus according to claim 1 is characterized in that Easy to learn type abacus one side connects the abacus of a small amount of gear.

3, a kind of Easy to learn type abacus according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising 1 frame and 1 number code block and corresponding object of reference.

4, a kind of Easy to learn type abacus according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that digital piece and corresponding object of reference thereof arrange in the direction of the clock: skin is followed successively by 7,6,8,9, wherein 7 places the upper right corner; The middle level is followed successively by 2,1,3,4, wherein 2 places the upper right corner, and object of reference adopts bead.

5, a kind of Easy to learn type abacus according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that digital piece and corresponding object of reference thereof arrange in the direction of the clock: skin is followed successively by 9,6,8,7, wherein 9 places the upper right corner; The middle level is followed successively by 4,1,3,2, wherein 4 places the upper right corner, and object of reference adopts bead.