CN2303329Y - 具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器 - Google Patents

具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器 Download PDF

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CN2303329Y
CN2303329Y CN 97225969 CN97225969U CN2303329Y CN 2303329 Y CN2303329 Y CN 2303329Y CN 97225969 CN97225969 CN 97225969 CN 97225969 U CN97225969 U CN 97225969U CN 2303329 Y CN2303329 Y CN 2303329Y
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helium
temperature
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洪朝生
林鹏
毛玉柱
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Key Laboratory of Cryogenics of CAS
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Cryogenic Laboratory of CAS
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及低温技术中的具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器,由上、下瓶和与上、下瓶相连通的毛细管组成,上瓶吊装于平台下端面,其容积大于下瓶容积,平台温度控制在低于4He超流转变温度Tλ的某点,瓶内充入高纯高压4He气体,保证低温下氦气液化充满毛细管,利用毛细管中HeI高度的自调节作用,维持毛细管中4He液柱两端适当温度差,获得一条不平度在0.01mK之内,时间可任意长的温坪。

Description

具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器
本实用新型涉及低温技术领域的超流转变温度复现器,特别涉及一种具有自调节作用的超流转变温度复现器。
在低温技术中,通常需用温度固定点器件来标定低温电阻温度计,4He超流转变温度复现器便是其中之一种。在低温实验中,当液体4He减压降温到4He超流转变温度Tλ以下时,液氦呈现超流态,温度高于Tλ的是正常态的HeⅠ,温度低于Tλ的是超流态的HeⅡ,4He超流转变点也称为λ相变点。1990年国际温标(ITS-90)指定,饱和蒸汽压下的4He超流转变温度Tλ=2.1768K。在λ相变点,液氦的比热、热导率等物性有突变。HeⅠ和HeⅡ共存时,其界面温度就是Tλ,λ相变宽度很窄。目前,测定4He相变温度Tλ的方法一般有二种,一种用大液池减压降温方法,即采用绝热大液池或带测压管的液氦温泡的装置来复现。通过测量4He蒸汽压与温度随时间变化来确定4He相变温度Tλ。这种方法可以看到Tλ转变温坪,但要求实验系统漏热尽可能小,同时需要精密压力测量系统。另一种是采用热导率较差的材料做容器建立液氦柱,测量λ相变点前后一段液氦柱两端温度变化的同步性,认定温度变化变成不一致时的温度是λ相变温度。为提高Tλ测量的不确定度,这种方法要求温度变化速率尽可能小,这种方法看不到Tλ转变温坪。
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种密封瓶式具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器,用来复现λ转变温坪,温坪的不平度小于0.01mK,温坪可以持续任意长时间。
本实用新型的实施方案如下:
本实用新型提供的具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器由上瓶、毛细管和下瓶组成,毛细管将上瓶和下瓶内腔连通,瓶内充入适量高压高纯氦气,保证低温下氦气液化充满毛细管和下瓶,上瓶容积大于下瓶,上瓶吊装于平台下端面,平台温度控制在低于Tλ的某点,上瓶上端安装有高压充气管,上、下瓶分别安装有温度计。使用时首先将平台温度控制在低于Tλ的某点上,调节下瓶加热温度,可以将HeⅠ/HeⅡ界面保持在毛细管中,由于HeⅡ热导率较HeⅠ高几个数量级,装在上瓶的温度计所测得的温度十分接近HeⅠ/HeⅡ界面温度。利用毛细管中HeⅠ高度的自调节效应,维持毛细管中He液柱两端适当温度差,可以将HeⅠ/HeⅡ界面保持在毛细管中,从而可获得一条不平度在0.01mK之内的温坪,时间可任意长。毛细管两端温差在一定范围内波动时,不会影响温坪的示值。通过毛细管的热流会影响温坪的数值,测定几组不同热流下的复现值,外推到零热流,这时的温度复现值便是饱和蒸汽压下的4He超流转变温度Tλ(2.1768K)。
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型进一步说明。
附图1为本实用新型结构示意图。
其中:1-上瓶 2-下瓶 3-毛细管 4-高压充气管5-温度计 6-平台
由图知,本实用新型提供的具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器由上瓶1、下瓶2和毛细管3组成,毛细管3将上瓶1和下瓶2相连通,上瓶上端装有与内腔相连通的高压充气管4(充完气后将该进气管顶端焊死),上瓶吊装于平台6下端面,上、下瓶分别装有温度计5,上瓶内腔容积大于下瓶内腔容积,上瓶容积大,作为氦气贮气室,室温下充入高压高纯4He气体,充气量保证2.2K时液氦充满下瓶和毛细管,下瓶内腔容积较小,其中的液氦可大大提高下瓶的热容量,便于实验操作。控温平台的温度控制在低于Tλ的某点上,使得上瓶对控温平台的漏热率可调。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器,其特征在于由上瓶、下瓶和毛细管组成,上瓶容积大于下瓶容积,毛细管将上、下瓶相连通,上瓶吊装于平台下端面,平台温度控制在低于4He超流转变温度Tλ的某点,瓶内充入高纯高压4He气体,低温下氦液化充满毛细管和下瓶。
2.按权利要求1所述的具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器,其特征在于上瓶上端安装有高压充气管,上、下瓶分别装有温度计。
CN 97225969 1997-09-18 1997-09-18 具有自调节作用的4He超流转变温度复现器 Expired - Lifetime CN2303329Y (zh)

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