CN2299233Y - Bulk coal gasifying burner with horizontal spiral-flow pipe - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a bulk coal gasifying burning device with a horizontal spiral-flow pipe which is used for realizing the inner circulation of a fluidized bed, mainly composed of a bubbling bed, a circulating bed and one or a plurality of horizontal spiral-flow pipes which are horizontally arranged in the circulating bed. The utility model can burn bulk raw coal of 0-20 mm blended with limestone powder completely or incompletely, generate high temperature flue gas, or half coal gas, or full coal gas which is directly supplied for industrial furnaces and kilns or industrial boilers to heat. The horizontal spiral-flow pipe has three functions that dust operates the inner circulation automatically, dust is removed, and the horizontal spiral-flow pipe makes the gas burn completely. Compared with the existing burning technology of a circulating fluidized bed, the utility model has the advantages of small volume, flexible operation and low cost. The utility model is suitable for making into a simple fast loading structure.

Description

The diffusing coal gasification combustion device of configuration horizontal cyclone pipe

The present invention relates to a kind of fluidized bed combustor, especially a kind of multiply horizontal cyclone that adopts is realized the diffusing fluidized bed gasified combustion apparatus that second-time burning is carried out in circulation in the dilute phase.

China's energy is based on coal, and the coal overwhelming majority of production is directly burning on industrial furnace and Industrial Boiler, and not only energy utilization rate is low, and is to cause China to become the main cause of air pollution due to coal combustion country.Improving industrial furnace and Industrial Boiler coal combustion process, is to realize energy-conservation significantly and key measure control atmosphere pollution.

The coal-burning installation that industrial furnace and Industrial Boiler adopt at present mainly contains artificial burning coal combustion chamber, stoker fired grate and fine coal and burns and chew, and their shortcoming is:

1, coal and ature of coal bad adaptability all have certain requirement to moisture, ash content, volatile matter and the granularity of coal, when undesirable, just do not reach needed temperature of production technology and production capacity.

2, efficiency of combustion is low, impels the stove thermal efficiency also low.Traveling-grate stoker for example, mechanical and chemical binomial heat loss be up to 15-20%, is used in that the thermal efficiency has only 60～70% on the Industrial Boiler.

3, empty coal ratio is difficult to accurate control, over-emitting black exhaust during lack of air, and the chemical heat loss is big, and air excess is over-emitting black exhaust not, but heat loss due to exhaust gas is big.

4, it is restricted that air gives heat, and one time wind almost can not give heat, even if secondary wind gives heat, temperature is also many below 300 ℃.Air is difficult to Quan Yure and gives hot temperature low, is existing big shortcoming of coal-burning installation, and it makes industrial furnace and Industrial Boiler lose 20～30% and 5% energy-saving effect respectively.

5, combustion process is difficult for using desulfurizing agent, SO ₂All enter atmosphere, acid rain is seriously polluted.The combustion zone temperature height, the NOx growing amount is also big.

The explanation of above shortcoming for energy-conservation and alleviate atmosphere pollution, must be made big improvement to coal-burning installation, makes it have following performance:

1, directly the burn former machine of diffusing shape of 0～20mm.

2, coal adaptability is wide, can both normal combustion to colm and fat coal, can satisfy production technology temperature and output requirement.

3, efficiency of combustion height allows the whole high temperature of air to give heat, obtains 5～30% energy-saving effect.

4, can use the effective desulfurization of calcareous desulfurizing agent, reduce the SO2 discharge capacity.

5, can carry out the segmentation low-temperature burning, reduce the NOx growing amount.

6, burning energy rate height, simple in structure, cost is low, be convenient to industrial furnace and Industrial Boiler and adopt.

For making burner have These characteristics, the ad hoc the present utility model of having counted.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are structural representations of the present utility model.In Fig. 1, hypomere is a concentrated phase bubbling bed 1, and epimere is a dilute phase circulation fluidized bed 2, and whole fluid bed is a rectangular cross section.Bubbling bed 1 is equipped with bellows 3, air distribution plate 4, screw stoker 5 and scum pipe 6.Circulation fluidized bed 2 is one or more horizontal cyclone pipe 7 of installing laterally.

As shown in Figure 2, horizontal cyclone pipe 7 is made of peripheral tube 8, center secondary air channel 9, sealing gland pipe 10 and the pipe 11 that gathers dust.The end that peripheral tube 8 is equipped with capping 12 has tangential inlet 13, the other end has and tangentially returns dirt mouth 14 being positioned at the inner place of circulation fluidized bed 2, and on the sidewall that stretches out 2 one sections of circulation fluidized bed, have the mouth 15 that gathers dust, and following reception dirt pipe 11, the termination of the section of stretching out is that the burning that realizes completing combustion is chewed gas port 16.Secondary air channel 9 one ends in center pass end cap 12 and link to each other with the secondary air channel road, and the other end then is to burn the air port of chewing 17.An outer airduct road of sealing gland pipe 10 1 ends and device links to each other, and the other end spray orifice 18 that gathers faces toward and tangentially returns dirt mouth 14 and spray gases and seal.Air distribution plate 4 is the rectangle porous plate, constitutes with high silicon heat-resisting cast iron grid section 19.

The combustion process of apparatus of the present invention, be to contain agstone and granularity is the diffusing coal of 0～20mm sends into bubbling bed 1 with screw stoker 5, blast cold air or hot-air by bellows 3 and air distribution plate 4 as a wind, make coal charge become fluidized state, gasify and desulphurization reaction, bed temperature is 900～1000 ℃, lime-ash is discharged through slag-draining device 6, the coal gas that produces becomes the semi-coal gas band dust inflow circulation fluidized bed 2, and enter horizontal cyclone pipe 7 through tangential inlet 13 and become the high speed swirling eddy and flow forward, coarse dust under centrifugal action to the tube wall enrichment, go out from tangentially returning dirt mouth 14 in company with the part rotational flow gas, reenter circulation fluidized bed 2, most of rotational flow gas is taken with carbon-free fine dust from gas port 16 ejections, mix mutually with auxiliary air through air port 17 ejection and to carry out completing combustion, the flame flow of generation sprays in the burner hearth of industrial furnace or Industrial Boiler, carries out diabatic process.When rotational flow gas flowed to gas port 16, most of fine dust gathered dust from mouthful 15 inflows of gathering dust and manages 11, makes it obtain udst separation before burner hearth.Contain unburnt carbon from tangentially returning the meal dirt that dirt mouth 14 pours circulation section 2, it mixes mutually with the air as the ejection of sealing gland gas, flows to tangential inlet 13 while burning, and enters horizontal cyclone pipe 7 once more, so through circulation several times, meal dirt carbon containing is promptly by after-flame and change into fine dust.This shows, circulation is different with existing CFBB in the dust of apparatus of the present invention, the circulation dust is not sent into the bubbling bed earlier and is entered circulation fluidized bed again, but the effect of directly in circulation fluidized bed 2, borrowing horizontal cyclone pipe 7, temperature do not have or the condition that seldom changes under, automatically realize repeatedly circulation according to change of size, finish carbon containing after-flame and desulphurization reaction.So just removed the influence of circulating ratio parameter, the control of bubbling bed 1 hot state is greatly simplified, only depended on coal amount and air blast condition, and needn't take circulating ratio into account.The structure of boiler body and system also obtains simplifying simultaneously.By the air of spray orifice 18 ejections, play the sealing gland effect to tangentially returning dirt mouth 14 on the one hand, prevent that the gas short circuit flows into horizontal cyclone pipe 7 in the circulation fluidized bed 2, destroy inner cyclic process.Play the auxiliary combustion effect on the other hand, control circulation fluidized bed 2 has 800～900 ℃ of temperature, makes dust carbon containing after-flame (generating CO and CO2), makes the fine-powdered lime stone that desulphurization reaction fully take place, and reduces the SO2 discharge capacity.

In the gasification, and combustion process of apparatus of the present invention, the distribution of the blow rate required is roughly, and a wind of bubbling bed 1 accounts for 40%, and the sealing gland wind of sealing gland pipe 10 accounts for 15%, and secondary wind accounts for 45%.For fully reclaiming smoke discharging residual heat, improve fractional energy savings, air blast is adopted and is given heat entirely, and adapted on industrial furnace gives hot temperature and should be higher than 300 ℃.

Usually, the bubbling bed is big because of drag losses, and the high shortcoming of power consumption is arranged.The air distribution plate 4 of apparatus of the present invention adopts the porous plate structure, can make the resistance of air distribution plate reduce 60～70%, and this point early has produces actual the confirmation.Cooperate and adopt the porous plate structure, be carbon containing in smooth deslagging and the minimizing lime-ash, air distribution plate 4 is segmentation from the coal end to the deslagging end and tilts to install, coal end inclination angle is little, deslagging end inclination angle is big, select for use between 5～10 °, make near the lime-ash granule of deslagging end and flow to the slag-drip opening place easily, initiate coal is then slower flows to the deslagging end.

Press said structure and the gasification combustion process as can be known, apparatus of the present invention except that inherent characteristics with CFBC, more peculiar following advantage:

1, adopts one or more horizontal cyclone pipe 7, directly in circulation fluidized bed 2, carry out the separating for several times circulation of dust automatically, the horizontal cyclone pipe is 7 simple in structure, volume is little, in light weight, have dust separator, deduster and burning concurrently and chew three kinds of functions, the application system structure is greatly simplified, and floor space is little, and thermal loss is few, power consumption is low, and investment and operating cost are also low.

2, utilize horizontal cyclone pipe 7 to realize the burning of dust carbon containing cycle gasification, circulation fluidized bed 2 requisite spaces are little, and whole device volume miniaturization can be easily and industrial furnace and low capacity Industrial Boiler adapted, form quick fixation structure, Combustion technology of circulating fluidized is used widely.

3, adopt horizontal cyclone pipe 7 not have the circulating ratio requirement, dust concentration is low in the circulation fluidized bed 2, and abrasive action weakens, and allows to improve fluidizing velocity, the high ash content of burning and wide-size distribution (0～20mm) diffusing coal.

4, horizontal cyclone pipe 7 diameters are little, tangential inlet 13 adopt lower inlet velocity (15～18m/s) can satisfy dust separation circulation requirement, thereby drag losses is little, light abrasion, power consumption is low.

5, horizontal cyclone pipe 7 is that the burning of finishing coal gas or semi-coal gas second-time burning is chewed simultaneously, and its quantity can determine that easy to use flexible, various fire grate coal burning machines then are difficult for accomplishing this point by the industrial furnace or the Industrial Boiler of adapted to the heat supply point layout requirement.

6, horizontal cyclone pipe 7 gather dust mouthfuls 15 and the pipe 11 that gathers dust the dedusting effect is arranged, can alleviate the harm of flying dust in industrial furnace and Industrial Boiler.

7, horizontal cyclone pipe 7 is unique parts that bear powerful wearing and tearing, but volume is little, in light weight, useful heavy wall heat resisting steel foundry goods is made, and is the easy-to-renewal type structure of heat resisting pipe liner high alumina castable pipe outside also can adopting, and service life will be above the pipe laying of CFBB.

8, apparatus of the present invention are distributed by the difference of first and second air quantity, can make loose coal completing combustion or imperfect combustion, are semi-coal gas or full coal gas and imperfect combustion produces, after burn and chew gas port 16 and reach completing combustion.In view of the above, by the different requirements of Industrial Boiler or industrial furnace fire box temperature, can select for use flexibly.

9, apparatus of the present invention allow primary and secondary air to give heat entirely, and when being elected to be coal gasification combustion, secondary wind ratio is big, allow high temperature to give heat (＞500 ℃), and the industrial furnace adapted with the high temperature smoke evacuation can have 20～30% energy-saving effect.

10, horizontal cyclone pipe 7 makes coarse dust repeatedly circulation in circulation fluidized bed 2, so can adopt the microlith limestone flour desulfurization of 0～1mm, higher desulfuration efficiency is arranged.

When 11, apparatus of the present invention produced semi-coal gas or full coal gas, the NOx growing amount was lower than CFBB.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of diffusing coal gasification combustion device that disposes the horizontal cyclone pipe is characterized in that this device integral body is is that the bubbling bed 1 and the circulation fluidized bed 2 of rectangle constitutes by the cross section.Bubbling bed 1 is built has refractory lining, bottom that bellows 3, air distribution plate 4, screw stoker 5 and slag-draining device 6 are housed.Bubbling bed 1 directly is communicated with the circulation fluidized bed 2 on its top.Circulation fluidized bed 2 is to build the straight tube that refractory lining is arranged, the top seal cap, and following logical bubbling bed 1 is wherein installed one or more horizontal horizontal cyclone pipe 7 along its length.Horizontal cyclone pipe 7 is made of peripheral tube 8, center secondary air channel 9, sealing gland pipe 10 and the pipe 11 that gathers dust, and realizes returning dirt circulation, dedusting and three kinds of functions of completing combustion with its one.

2, according to the diffusing coal gasification combustion device of the described configuration horizontal cyclone of claim 1 pipe, it is characterized in that air distribution plate 4 is to be the porous plate structure that segmented tilts from the coal end to the deslagging end, each section angle of inclination changes with coal is different with ature of coal, selects for use between 5～12 °.The high silicon heat-resisting cast iron of whole air distribution plate 4 usefulness grid section is combined into, and the gross area is pressed Coal-fired capacity and burning condition and decided.

3, according to the diffusing coal gasification combustion device of the described configuration horizontal cyclone of claim 1 pipe, the peripheral tube 8 that it is characterized in that horizontal cyclone pipe 7 is the vicissitudinous special-shaped garden of section pipes, make of heavy wall heat resisting steel (routine 45Cr26Ni2Re) foundry goods, perhaps adopt composite wall structure, outer wall is thin heat resisting pipe, and inwall is a high alumina refractory casting material pipe.Peripheral tube 8 has tangential inlet 13 at extra heavy pipe Duan Yiduan, gas is flowed into produce eddy flow, the other end transfers thin segment to and has in the position that is arranged in circulation fluidized bed 2 and tangentially returns dirt mouth 14, flows out for meal dirt and participates in circulation, stretches out in the tubule section to have on the pipeline section of circulation fluidized bed 2 tangentially to gather dust mouthfuls 15.

4, according to the diffusing coal gasification combustion device of the described configuration horizontal cyclone of claim 1 pipe, the sealing gland pipe 10 that it is characterized in that horizontal cyclone pipe 7 is heat resisting pipes that have a termination to shut, vertically densely covered one arranging spray orifice 18 near shutting the end, the air stream thigh of ejection constitutes air curtains to tangentially returning dirt mouth 14, plays the sealing gland effect.

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