CN2271735Y - Over-voltage alarm of household electrical appliances - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an overvoltage alarm of household electrical appliances, which is used for indicating the voltage of indoor electricity consumption. When the voltage is secretly raised due to the fact that zero lines of power-supply networks are disconnected by overload or other reasons, electric ring can sound in time to alarm. Therefore, people in houses can have time to immediately pull switches, and the loss of burning the electrical appliances can be avoided. The utility model can also be directly arranged on a fire wire or two wires below an electric meter and can be controlled to switch and select to have the function of alarm only or to have the functions of alarm and power management by a single-pole or double-pole double-throw switch. When the utility model has the functions of alarm and power management, the utility model can alarm, and simultaneously, a power supply loop can be automatically switched.

Description

Household electrical appliance ultra-voltage alarm

The utility model relates to a kind ofly can jingle bell when the voltage that household electrical appliance connect exceeds 220 volts or 230 volts reports to the police and draws back the device of power supply automatically.

In the electric power system of three-phase four-wire system, live wire has three phases, voltage is 380 volts between phase and phase, voltage between any one identical zero line is 220 volts, and the feed line of introducing in each family has two, and one is live wire, it is phase line, two is zero line or ground wire, introduces different other mutually respectively for three, and zero line is common.Under normal circumstances, the alternation sine wave of each phase differs 120 degree on sequential, thus three to arrive crest mutually be not simultaneously.For example, after A arrived crest mutually, B just arrived after will changeing 120 degree mutually at the rotor of motor again, C mutually spends the time in B 120 after mutually again and has been, the load of A, B, C three-phase if balance just equate, for example, it all is 2000 watts, can be on mathematics calculate proof with vector, the electric current by zero line is 0 all the time, and just three strands of electric currents flowing through by zero line of ABC three-phase have into each other has, have to increase to have to subtract, it is 0 instantaneous value that the result neutralizes mutually.But, in the power supply network of reality, three phases not on the same group the household appliances load of confession, for example a, b, c are three groups, can not equate, so neutral line current can not be 0, the size of the magnitude of current is determined by the difference degree of three groups of mutual electric loads of user.

Along with expanding economy, increasing of household electrical appliance strengthens the urban electric load, unbalanced degree might increase (acquiring of household electrical appliance is unequal), sneak current if add the people, often make the electric current that flows through zero line circuit changeable, old slightly, the capacity of original design is just little, zero line often is unable to undergo the huge impact that increases of electric current, is easy to blow, and causes indoor voltage not fall promptly and rises, the highest can be near 380 volts, produce the catastrophic effect that burns electrical equipment.Now utilize Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 to make brief description.

For the purpose of simplifying the description, only draw two groups of users of a, b as an example.As seen from Figure 1,4 families of a group and b organize 4 families when zero line is not disconnected, all be connected in parallel on fire, line-to-line, voltage all is 220 volts, electric current returns power supply owing to there being the zero line existence all to copy this shortcut; But zero line is in case interrupt, electric current has just lost this backward channel, two phase lines of A, B of having to mutually collide, this just make two groups of original a, b among Fig. 1 other all be connected in parallel on fire, the situation one between 220 volts become and form among Fig. 2 a group and b and organize the 380 volts of situations between two live wires that are connected on mutually.At this time, suppose two groups electrical equipment load and open with state roughly suitable, then the every family in two groups has to half 190 volts of 380 volts of voltages, do not constitute danger, but this situation is seldom, if a group has three families all to turn-off electrical equipment, light-off is gone to bed, an only remaining family is still opening usefulness, load is 220 watts, and four families of b group at this moment standard-sized sheet, total load is 2000 watts, can what's going on? we have a look at, calculating load easily is that the impedance of 200 watts of electrical equipment is about 242 Ω, and load is that the impedance of 2000 watts of electrical equipment is 24.2 Ω, power factor is omitted disregard, because of connecting, can calculate total current at once is 380 ÷ (242+24.2)=1.43 peaces.So, when this electric current flows through 200 watts of loads tame, produce the voltage drop of 1.43 * 242=346 volt, and the voltage drop that four families of b group produce 34 volts of 24.2 * 1.43 ≈, this as much as to say, the voltage of four tame every families of b group has only about 34 volts, lamp secretly only stays red, the voltage that the electrical equipment that family of a group is opening obtains is 346 volts, the time slightly length will burn.

The harmfulness of household electrical appliance ultra-voltage just is to be difficult for being found by the people.The inventor sees in TV news, certain city has a family to be burnt two televisors and a refrigerator, that the street that he lives burns more than 200 electrical equipment that night altogether, the nearest 3-4 of the community that the inventor lives, and in the generation chamber there be nearly 20 times the situation of voltage above 300 volts, just in this month of writing this literary composition, voltage in the family exceeds 300 volts for twice, after less than first quarter moon, because of my alertness height, can pull off electric brake at every turn, fortunately avoid disaster.Burnt electrical equipment other require the power supply department reparations sometimes, general difficult negative this duty of power supply department allows the people claim on the insurance, and protects the dangerous people of electricity and could obtain part difficultly and compensate but have only.

The purpose of this utility model just is to provide a kind of and can rings once high alarm bell at voltage, and cry in the forces and take action, on one side also can report to the police, Yi Bian the household electrical appliance superpressure alarm of auto power off.

Technical solution of the present utility model:

A kind of household electrical appliance ultra-voltage alarm, it is characterized in that it is made of special voltage table 1 and 3,4 and magneto bells 2 of two A.C. contactors, have window 14 on the index dial 22 of this special voltage table 1, and the pointer 33 that pointer release 7 and a pair of stainless steel wire touch 6 and chromium plating finer wires of bow is housed.

The utility model is to reach the purpose of reporting to the police in the voltage higher position, manages to make the voltage itself that overflows directly to trigger ringing of alarm bell, and is rapidly sensitive.For accomplishing this point, on the circuit of electric bell, establish a space that disconnects, this space be exactly install additional on the voltage table two touch bow, pointer is once to touching two bows, this space of closure and connect alarm bell.Pointer and voltage table are not impaired.The automatic cutout at once of its circuit.Be provided with two A.C. contactors, collocation action mutually for this reason.The utility model circuit compactness, simple in structure, cheap, in light weight, can send alerting signal at that time what the zero line interrupt voltage raise, operate a switch automatically simultaneously.The utility model can play the effect of instructed voltage at ordinary times, does not generate heat, and does not have power consumption.

Fig. 1 is the zero line synoptic diagram that user load connects in electrical network when disconnected;

Synoptic diagram when Fig. 2 is the zero line interruption;

Fig. 3 is the connection diagram of the utility model and energy meter;

Fig. 4 is a principle assumption diagram of the present utility model;

Fig. 5 is an indicator and the synoptic diagram that touches the bow relation in the utility model voltage table;

Fig. 6 A, 6B, 6C are the three-view diagrams of the utility model voltage table;

Fig. 7 is internal resistance Equivalent Distributed figure in the utility model voltage table;

Fig. 8 A is the incorrect cabling figure that the utility model touches bow, field coil and voltage table binding post;

Fig. 8 B is the correct wiring diagram that the utility model touches bow, field coil and voltage table binding post.

As Fig. 3, household electrical appliance ultra-voltage alarm of the present utility model can be hinged with below energy meter, allows its break-make of managing electrical power simultaneously, is done only to play the switching of warning effect or double as power supply automatic citrcuit bearker by a hilted broadsword or dpdt double-pole double-throw (DPDT) plug-in strip.27 is energy meter among the figure, and 28 is alarm, 29 dpdt double-pole double-throw (DPDT) plug-in strips, 30 single-pole double-throw (SPDT) plug-in strips, A for be connected into fire, two lines cut off simultaneously, B only cuts off the wall scroll live wire.Among Fig. 4,1 voltage table, 2 electric bells, 3 first contactors, 4 second contactors, 5 normal open buttons, 6 are contained in the two bows, 7 voltage table pointer releases, the recessed portion under the 8 voltage table index dials of touching on the voltage table, 9 touch a pair of normal open contact of bow, 10 voltage table binding posts, 11 voltmeter switches, 12 bell switch, 13 alarm master switchs, second pair of normal open contact of 31 second contactors 4, insert a live wire usefulness under the energy meter fully, the field coil of 34 first contactors, the field coil of 35 second contactors.Among Fig. 5,33 list index, 6 touch bow, 22 index dials and window, wherein A is a schematic perspective view, B is a view profile.Fig. 6 is the outward appearance and the cut-away view of voltage table, wherein A is the outward appearance when having transparent cover plate and index dial, and B exposes table drain pan and the device on it after throwing off transparency cover and index dial, and C is the following pseudosection of B figure, 7 pointer releases wherein, the recessed portion of drain pan below 8 index dials, 6 touch bow, the window of being opened on 14 index dials, about 6 * 14mm, the high resistant box at 15 voltage table backs, 16 pointer release limiting irons, 17 pointer release lower springs cover screw, 18 transparent cover plate screws and voltage table are installed screw, 19 voltage table binding posts, 20 touch bow lead-in wire binding post, 21 pointer release lower spring covers, 22 index dials, 23 voltage table drain pans are analysed and observe, and 24 touch bow pillow, 25 transparent cover plates, 26 index dial screws, 33 voltage table pointers, among Fig. 7, R ₁Be the direct current resistance of binding post A to 33 of list index, R ₂For binding post B to the direct current resistance between pointer, R _InBe total direct current resistance between two binding post A and B, among Fig. 8, the A mode is inadvisable, can make voltage table coil 32 short circuit current flow, and it is better, fool proof to be connected into the B mode, R among Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 _InBe 260K Ω after measured, R ₁＜260K, R ₂About 5-6K, 6 touch bow.

Two two peaks that touch bow 6 all stretch out outside the window 14 in the utility model, be in the top of index dial 22 and a little more than the bottom of list index 33, the two ends that are in index dial 22 bottoms have an end to draw to the right, end in the groove of bow pillow of pointer release 7, the other end draws left, stretches out the formation outer lead through the back of table 1.In the utility model, voltage table 1, A.C. contactor 3,4 and magneto bell 2 triangular passes be: touch a bow outer lead of 6 and connect power lead, another connects the field coil 34 of first contactor 3, the a pair of normal open contact 9 of the other end of coil on second contactor 4 turns back to another of power lead, one of docking point on first contactor 3 connects power lead, another connects the field coil 35 of second contactor 4, the other end of coil turns back to another of power lead through a normal open button 5, on second contactor 4 four docking points are arranged, wherein two pairs is common contact 9,31,9 as mentioned above, be associated between the field coil 34 and power lead of first contactor 3, another is used 31 live wires of starting to exchange fire table 27 below fully, contact of centering connection is to the field coil 35 of second contactor 4 itself in other two pairs of normal off contacts, the other end of coil is associated on the power lead through normal open button 5, another contact connects another of power lead, another connects bell switch 12 to a contact in the normal off contact, another termination electric bell 2 of switch 12, another termination power lead of electric bell 2, another contact connects another of power lead.

The action of this alarm is such: in Fig. 4, when voltage reaches 230 volts and when rising gradually, the pointer of voltage table begins to touch two and touches one of bow or two and touch bow, and pointer is gone up sliding then along bow, stops or crossing, and is parked on the magnitude of voltage at that time.In case two touch the pointer connection that bow is conducted electricity, coil 34 energisings of first contactor, magnetic core is inhaled down, connect the coil 35 of second contactor by the closure of two contacts on it, the magnetic core of second contactor is inhaled down, closure by the contact on it is rung electric bell 2 energisings, another supply access of own coil and a pair of normal open contact 9 on the disconnection first contactor coil circuit have also been connected simultaneously, thereby cut off the power supply source of first contactor coil 34 immediately, make bullet on the magnetic core of first contactor, disconnect the initial current supply circuit of second contactor coil 35, at this moment do not influence second contactor and be in the state of magnetic core down of inhaling, because its exciting current oneself is supplied with, at this moment flow through touch bow electric current already owing to the disconnection of normal open contact 9 is interrupted, so at this moment no matter whether pointer is parked in the left side of touching bow, be stuck on the peak of bow or sliding already more to the right-hand finger that touches bow on the higher value, the coil 35 of second contactor is always in oneself power supply, keep electric bell and ring and do not stop, up to having the people to close bell switch 12 or pressing normal open button 5.Can see that at this moment on second contactor 4 another also broken normal open contact 31, this is that a live wire of starting to exchange fire under the table is used, and referring to the B among Fig. 3, so indoor power supply has just disconnected, is not burnt by high pressure thereby saved indoor electrical equipment from damage.Have in the family people the time, also can make power supply not be subjected to the control of alarm, the plug-in strip among Fig. 3 B 30 is thrown to the right, just make live wire break away from alarm, at this moment alarm only rings electric bell and does not break power supply.At this moment user's correct facture is, once the power switch of hearing the closeall household electrical appliance of bell ring, the numerical value that also can have a look at the voltage table indication earlier determines to close again, if pointer is at this time hindered in touching on the bow, just press pointer release button 7 (referring to Fig. 6) and see reading again,, just break power supply and close the master switch of alarm if reading is on the dangerous high voltage, electric bell stops ringing, and the voltage table pointer turns back to 0.Open again after waiting the power supply department reparation.From the figure as can be seen, only otherwise remove to press button 5, the coil 35 eternal own confessions of not breaking of second contactor, normal open contact 9 does not forever close yet, touching bow goes up and or else to have electric current flow through after touching for the first time, repeatedly touch bow no matter whether list index rises to fall after rise again, all inoperative.Electric bell just can not stop later on once first triggering.Allow electric bell stop ringing temporarily, but off switch 12, but will forget afterwards scarcely and open again, otherwise alarm was lost efficacy.If through checking of voltage indicated value, to find very not highly, at this moment pointer has fallen after rise again to the left side of touching bow, be in a hurry at that time and wanted electricity consumption, or have important TV to see, then can press button 5, electric bell can stop to ring alarm and just return to the state of triggering, and waiting for reports to the police for the second time deals with again.

If nobody is in, electrical equipment in the family need opened again, as refrigerator ice cabinet, fish jar, program picture recording etc., just the single-pole double-throw (SPDT) plug-in strip 30 among Fig. 3 B is thrown to the left, and close bell switch 12, then alarm can be when voltage overflows, only break power supply and jingle bell not, do not forget after going home and connect switch 12 earlier, check whether magnitude of voltage is normal, if it is normal, just press button 5, electric bell stops ringing, and the field coil 35 of second contactor plays upper core owing to pressing 5 back outages, normal open contact 31 is connected once more, and indoor electricity is served once more; If still exceed regime values through reading indication account for voltage, then move plug-in strip 30 to centre position, make live wire break away from alarm and disconnect the right side again, close the master switch of alarm, make voltage table refer to 0, the notice power supply department is checked repairing, corrects the fault that voltage overflows.

Among Fig. 4 touching bow 6 on voltage table installation and see Fig. 6 for details with the relation of pointer release 7.Because of the range of used voltage table at 450 volts, so 230 volts-240 volts alarm voltage is in the centre position approximately, a window 14 is opened in this middle part on index dial, the cross central line of window might as well be near the mid point of pointer or the place of going up slightly, so that pointer on this position with touch bow when meeting, the opposing torque that suffers is unlikely too big.Two stainless steel wires (Ni-Cr) or chromium plating steel wire are installed in left side in drain pan concave part, window bottom, and diameter is not more than 1mm; parallel to the right the drawing along the window position, level and smooth going up bent when making by window, goes out window; under the level and smooth more curved reentrant index dial down; make above window 14 to form a pair of peak shape and touch bow, the bow of 6, two among Fig. 6 C is at a distance of 3mm; two peak heights of bow are the same; exceed pointer bottom 0.5-1mm approximately,, touch to guarantee to slide referring to Fig. 5.Continue the right side behind the reentrant window and draw, terminate at last in the groove that touches bow pillow 24 (Fig. 6) of pointer release.The detail drawing and the wiring layout of release omit.For guaranteeing that indicator touches bow with two and touches simultaneously, make two bow summits on line on look projection and overlap with the radius of the drawn arc of pointer operation.Should note not making two bows to touch and do not collide mutually during installation with index dial.Touch bow lead-in wire the same lower spring insulation and mutual insulating in the pillow groove.The button of release stretches out the transparency cover of voltage table.When pressing, make soft upper spring compression earlier, the upper spring cover is sunk, touch the bow pillow after, the touching bow lead-in wire that forces the bow pillow to drive in the pillow groove descends.Because of bow pillow suffers the stronger pressure of lower spring all the time, come-up rests on the position that two limiting irons are limited always, and the scope of springing is about 2-3mm up and down, and the enough assurance decline of touching bow is let pass to pointer.

From Fig. 6 c, can see, the back of voltage table have a high resistant box wherein connection in series-parallel the resistance of many pieces of high value is arranged.The minute hand system of table joins on the coil 32 that is welded in table (Fig. 7,8).Because of touching bow is through being switched on contacting of indicator, be the orientation of definite two binding posts showing with respect to table coil 32, through measuring dc resistance with multimeter, isoboles such as Fig. 7 of the voltage table internal resistance of being drawn relation show, the mutual relationship that the field coil 34 of first contactor 3 is connected on the same table internal resistance among Fig. 4 has A, B two formulas among Fig. 8, wherein the A mode is inadvisable, and because of electric current can be through touching bow → indicator with the whole short circuits of high internal resistance, his-and-hers watches coil 32 constitutes infringement; The B formula then can be avoided, and must the magnitude of current be subtracted greatly by the field coil 34 of a high AC impedance in the time of because of the high internal resistance of short circuit current, can protect table coil 32 unlikely impaired.When wiring,, need to detect the orientation that binding post A and B are found out in internal resistance with multimeter carefully, insert in the circuit of Fig. 4 according to relativeness again for being connected into the B formula.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of household electrical appliance ultra-voltage alarm, it is characterized in that it is made of special voltage table (1) and two A.C. contactors (3), (4) and a magneto bell (2), have window (14) on the index dial (22) of this special voltage table (1), and the pointer (33) that pointer release (7) and a pair of stainless steel wire touch a bow (6) and a chromium plating finer wire is housed.

2, by the described household electrical appliance ultra-voltage of claim 1 alarm, it is characterized in that described two two peaks that touch bow (6) all stretch out outside the window (14), be in the top of index dial (22) and a little more than the bottom of list index (33), the two ends that are in index dial (22) bottom have an end to draw to the right, end in the groove of bow pillow of pointer release (7), the other end draws left, stretches out the formation outer lead through the back of table (1).

3, by the described household electrical appliance ultra-voltage of claim 1 alarm, it is characterized in that voltage table (1), A.C. contactor (3), (4) and the triangular pass of magneto bell (2) be: an outer lead that touches bow (6) connects power lead, another connects the field coil (34) of first contactor (3), the a pair of normal open contact (9) of the other end of coil on second contactor (4) turns back to another of power lead, one of docking point on first contactor (3) connects power lead, another connects the field coil (35) of second contactor (4), the other end of coil turns back to another of power lead through a normal open button (5), second contactor has four docking points on (4), wherein two pairs is common contact (9), (31), (9) as mentioned above, be associated between the field coil (34) and power lead of first contactor (3), another is used (31) start to exchange fire fully live wire of table (27) below, a contact connection of a centering is to the field coil (35) of second contactor (4) itself in other two pairs of normal off contacts, the other end of coil is associated on the power lead through normal open button (5), another contact connects another of power lead, another connects bell switch (12) to a contact in the normal off contact, (12) another termination electric bell (2), another termination power lead of electric bell (2), another contact connects another of power lead.

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