CN2245824Y - Single-winding double-speed motor without power dump when pole-changing control - Google Patents

Single-winding double-speed motor without power dump when pole-changing control Download PDF

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CN2245824Y
CN2245824Y CN 95219843 CN95219843U CN2245824Y CN 2245824 Y CN2245824 Y CN 2245824Y CN 95219843 CN95219843 CN 95219843 CN 95219843 U CN95219843 U CN 95219843U CN 2245824 Y CN2245824 Y CN 2245824Y
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winding
speed
pole
motor
coil
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张城生
陈雪华
杨杰
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a single-winding double-speed motor, when utility model conducts pole-changing speed regulation, a power supply is not needed to be cut off, and a stator pole-changing winding is composed of a basic winding which is connected with a triangle part and a regulation winding which is connected in series with a star-shaped part. The utility model need not cut off a three-phase power supply in the process of speed regulation, and the speed regulation switching can be achieved only controlling the conduction of three-phase switch; the utility model can solves the technical problems of large electric current attack, etc. when the motor starts and when the motor is switched to a high speed from a low speed, and the utility model has the advantages of few switches, low cost, favorable performance and high reliability. The utility model is particularly suitable for being used as a speed regulating far and near pole ratio double-speed motor for blowers, etc. and various lifting transportation machinery such as scraper conveyors, tower cranes, electric telphers, etc.

Description

The simplex winding two-speed motor that need not cut off the electricity supply during pole changing
The utility model belongs to the ac motor speed control technology field, it is innovation to three-phase simplex winding two-speed squirrel motor and variable-pole winding thereof, need not cut off three phase mains in the motor speed regulation process from low speed to high speed and only can realize with the combined floodgate of a threephase switch, can solve this class cage electromotor starting, excessive technical barriers such as rush of current during speed change, can reduce motor and starting thereof significantly, the cost of speed control device and operational reliability height, be suitable for making the simplex winding two-speed motor of the number of poles ratio commonly used of speed ratio far away and nearly speed ratio, be specially adapted to make and be used for electric block, drag conveyor, tower crane, various handling machineries and blower fans such as crane and metallurgical machinery, the motor that ball mill etc. are supporting.
Variable-pole winding in the simplex winding two-speed motor of producing has at present obtained bigger improvement over past ten years both at home and abroad, what be worth proposition in the prior art related to the present invention is the Chinese invention patent (application number is 91106623.3 and 91106624.1) that is mainly used in elevator motor, it is to make fundamental wave winding coefficient to increase to the improvement of variable-pole winding, the harmonics of magnetic force content descends to some extent, its shortcoming is for the need Fraquent start and carries out continually for the two-speed motor of the application scenarios such as alternating-current electrical lift that speed change switches, each speed change all gets cuts off three phase mains and required speed change diverter switch too many (not comprising that the motor counter-rotating just needs five or three contactors) earlier, and its control circuit and equipment are also correspondingly comparatively complicated simultaneously, certainly will influence the reliability of its long-time running and the value of generally applying.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that has two-speed squirrel motor now, the three-phase simplex winding two-speed squirrel motor series of products that develop new pole-changing switching mode, its speed change is switched only to be needed or not cut off three phase mains in a threephase switch, simple to operate, reliable, the speed regulation process, and its variable-pole winding has higher fundamental wave winding coefficient, lower the harmonics of magnetic force content, double speed rational air gap flux density ratio down.The present invention is used for 2/8 of cone rotor, 4/10, the direct purpose of two-speed electric blocks such as 4/16 utmost point is, the bi-motor double speed or the single motor duplex-winding double-speed motor that replace the cone rotor that has generally adopted at present in two-speed electric block is produced are at the volume that reduces this electric block significantly, solving the latter in the time of weight and manufacturing cost switches at a high speed or needs from the process that switches to low speed at a high speed the disconnection three phase mains to act on by cone rotor " brake " from low speed, motor speed start again again after reducing to zero cause excessive technical barriers such as rush of current; The direct purpose that the present invention is used for the drag conveyor under the coal mine is, replace 4/8 utmost point duplex-winding double-speed motor that in drag conveyor is produced, has generally adopted at present with 4/10 utmost point simplex winding two-speed motor of the present invention, solve the latter and switch to from low speed and need to cut off the caused motor operational reliability etc. of influencing of three phase mains the process at a high speed and make that it is short in downhole life, the technical barrier of well damage; The purpose that the present invention is used for centrifugal fan is to accomplish that the low speed starting current is little, the speed change handover security is reliable when realizing the fan speed regulation economize on electricity; The purpose that the present invention is used for the governing system that permanent power wide range speed control asynchronous machine system such as machine tool chief axis Variable Frequency and Speed Adjusting of Electromotor combine with pole changing is, replacement can not be in operation and realize gear box that rotating speed switches, do not have excessive rush of current when realizing being in operation motor pole-changing switching.
The present invention is that the switching by the novel variable-pole winding in the following simplex winding two-speed squirrel motor realizes.The schematic diagram that the winding construction of variable-pole winding and pole-changing switch as shown in Figure 1, it is by six coil groups A 1, B 2, C 1, A 2, B 1, C 2The basic winding that is the closed triangle shape (closed triangle has three summits and other three tie points) and by other six coil groups a successively is together in series 1, b 2, c 1, a 2, b 1, c 2The adjustment winding of forming is formed jointly, and its high, low speed is respectively 2p 1, 2p 2The utmost point has six roots of sensation lead-out wire D 1L, D 2L, D 3L, D 1H, D 2H, D 3H, its interconnected relationship is: at three summits and three lead-out wire D of the closed triangle of basic winding 1L, D 2L, D 3LBetween insert to adjust three coil groups a of winding respectively 1, b 1, c 1Adjust three coil groups a in addition of winding 2, b 2, c 2Then insert three lead-out wire D in addition respectively 1H, D 2H, D 3HAnd between other three tie points of basic winding.Its key feature is: as threephase switch K 1The first-harmonic rotating magnetic field that is one road Y-Δ tandem-type connection, motor when connecting three phase mains of closing a floodgate is 2p 2The utmost point runs on low speed; Motor switches to the threephase switch K that need not cut off the electricity supply when fast state moves from the lower-speed state pole-changing 1Do not disconnect and only need another threephase switch K 2Close a floodgate, be about to the D in the lead-out wire 1HAnd D 1L, D 2HAnd D 2L, D 3HAnd D 3LConnect respectively, at this moment to be the first-harmonic rotating magnetic field of two road Y-Δ tandem-type connections, motor be 2p to winding 1The utmost point runs at a high speed, 2p 1The utmost point and 2p 2Extremely descend the direction of rotation of first-harmonic rotating magnetic field identical.Variable-pole winding is at 2p 1The utmost point, 2p 2The sense of current in circuit extremely and each the phase coil group is respectively as accompanying drawing 2a), b) shown in, as can be seen from the figure: six coil groups are at 2p in the basic winding 1The utmost point, 2p 2The genus mutually and the sense of current extremely (are represented 2p respectively with solid line, dotted arrow 1The utmost point, 2p 2The sense of current in each phase winding of the utmost point) all changed and listed in table 1; Adjust a in the winding 1, b 1, c 1At 2p 1, 2P 2The genus mutually and the sense of current extremely all do not change, but coil groups a 2, b 2, c 2At 2p 1Extremely down respectively with a 1, b 1, c 1In parallel and at 2p 2Extremely next do not have electric current to pass through.Table 1
Figure Y9521984300061
The invention will be further described below by object lesson.One of example is number of stator slots Z 1The variable-pole winding of the new switching mode of=36 grooves, 4/10 utmost point as shown in Figure 3, the coil groups A in its basic winding 1, A 2, B 1, B 2, C 1, C 2And the coil groups a in the adjustment winding 1, a 2, b 1, b 2, c 1, c 2Form by listed each coil of table 2 respectively.Coil in accompanying drawing 3 and the table 2 number is the groove number of place, limit, the upper strata groove of this coil, and positive and negative number of coil to be as the criterion down at a high speed: the electric current that this coil represented in positive sign by head end advance, end goes out; Negative sign is then opposite, the electric current of representing this coil by end advance, head end goes out.The low speed sense of current because of each coil in the basic winding down is just opposite down with high speed, so positive and negative number of its coil is opposite during also just with high speed, this has been reflected in accompanying drawing 4a), b) (also be reflected in positive and negative number of coil groups of table 1) in 4 utmost points that drawn respectively, each phase magnetic potential polar plot of 10 utmost points.From accompanying drawing 3 and accompanying drawing 4a), b) as can be seen: variable-pole winding its high, low speed 4 utmost points, 10 when the phase sequence of three phase mains is identical extremely descend the direction of rotation of first-harmonic rotating magnetic potential to be all counterclockwise (with turning to); The phase difference that 30 ° of electrical degrees are arranged between the magnetic potential of the star part that whenever is in series under high, low speed winding and the magnetic potential of triangular portion sub-winding; Adjust the shared coil number of winding less, be 33.3% of the bus number of turns, be used to adjust air gap flux density double speed under than, raising fundamental distribution coefficient and reduction the harmonics of magnetic force content; Current effective value in the adjustment winding is basic winding
Figure Y9521984300071
Doubly, the coil ratio of therefore adjusting winding and basic winding approaches 1:
Figure Y9521984300072
And the ratio of its sectional area of wire approaches
Figure Y9521984300073
: 1, to keep having in each coil essentially identical current density and every groove copper factor basic identical; 4 utmost points, 10 extremely descend the winding fundamental distribution coefficient higher, be respectively 0.93,0.848, be respectively 0.874,0.845,10 the reasonable (Bg of a little higher than 4 utmost points of air gap flux density, its ratio under extremely with 4 utmost points, 10 utmost point winding coefficients of two stacked windings of coil span y=11 groove 10/ B G4≈ 1.1), can make has higher starting torque value and at a high speed higher running efficiency and power factor is arranged under the motor low speed.The number of stator slots Z that the variable-pole winding of 4/10 extremely new switching mode adopts in this object lesson 1=36, when 4/10 electrode two-speed motor capacity hour can adopt Z 1=24 grooves, can adopt Z when capacity is big 1=48 grooves, Z 1=60 grooves, Z 1=72 grooves etc., winding construction still as shown in Figure 1, but each coil groups A in its basic winding 1, A 2, B 1, B 2, C 1, C 2With each the coil groups a that adjusts in the winding 1, a 2, b 1, b 2, c 1, c 2To be formed by the coil of jack per station.Table 2
The coil group number A 1 A 2 B 1 B 2 C 1 C 2 a 1 a 2 b 1 b 2 c 1 c 2
Coil number 10 21 20 31 28 3 2 13 22 33 32 7 4 15 14 25 34 9 8 19 16 27 26 1 11 36 29 18 23 12 5 30 35 24 17 6
Two of example of the present invention is number of stator slots Z 1The variable-pole winding (turning to the technical scheme of single layer winding) of the extremely new switching mode of=48 grooves, 4/16 as shown in Figure 5, the coil groups A in its basic winding 1, A 2, B 1, B 2, C 1, C 2And the coil groups a in the adjustment winding 1, a 2, b 1, b 2, c 1, c 2Be made up of listed each coil side of table 3 respectively, positive and negative number of the coil bark mark in accompanying drawing 5 and the table 3 still to be as the criterion under the high speed.The coil number that this programme is adjusted winding is 25% of the bus number of turns; The chain type single layer winding of coil span y=9,4 utmost points, 16 fundamental wave winding coefficient under extremely is respectively 0.73,0.885,16 air gap flux density under extremely a little more than the reasonable (B of 4 utmost points, its ratio G16/ B G4≈ 1.3), this guarantees that to the two-speed motor that drives electric block etc. it is rational that low or first gear has enough big starting torque value.Table 3
The coil group number A 1 A 2 B 1 B 2 C 1 C 2 a 1 a 2 b 1 b 2 c 1 c 2
The coil bark mark 14 23 20 29 38 47 32 41 26 35 2 11 6 15 30 39 36 45 42 3 18 27 48 9 46 7 22 31 28 37 34 43 10 19 40 1 24 33 12 21 16 25 4 13 8 17 44 5
Embodiment of the present utility model is that Transform Type design is Y160L-4/16,7.5/1.4KW simplex winding two-speed motor and manufactures experimently out model machine on homemade Y160L-8,7.5KW single-speed motor basis, and that model machine adopts is the winding construction shown in the accompanying drawing 1, number of stator slots Z 1The two stacked winding of=48 grooves, coil span y=9,4/16 extremely to descend fundamental distribution coefficient be that 0.851/0.884, winding coefficient are 0.786/0.884, listed by table 4 with the contrast of two-speed motor YYTD-4/16, the 7.5/1.4KW of domestic current production through the main technical detail of type approval test actual measurement.
From two and embodiment of one of example, example, can find out in the measured data of model machine and the utlity model has following outstanding advantage:
1. the pole-changing switching mode of this variable-pole winding structure and motor has realized not cutting off when speed change is switched three phase mains (threephase switch K when low speed switches to high speed 1Be in "on" position always), motor low speed starting current is not high and avoided rush of current (thereby the capacity of used contactor can reduce) excessive when low speed switches to high speed.
2. this two-speed motor speed change is switched required threephase switch quantity few (existing duplex-winding double-speed motor is comprised that high, low speed and forward and backward thereof need four contactors altogether, be used contactor minimum number in the double-speed motor up to the present, and the utility model only needs three contactors still less, altogether), rotating speed control is easier, reliable.
3. little, in light weight, the material saving of this two-speed motor volume, cost are low.
4. this two-speed motor has good runnability, and efficient height, power factor height help energy savings during high speed.
5. can adopt cast-aluminum rotor, it is simpler than copper bar rotor technology, reliability is high, cost is low.
6. can adopt closed, fan cooling structure certainly, it is lower than the cost that adds the ventilation blower forced ventilation cooling structure.
These outstanding advantages of the present utility model are to make coal mine lower scraping plate conveyer to replace the main basis of present duplex-winding double-speed motor with the simplex winding two-speed motor, also are to make the main basis that novel cone rotor simplex winding two-speed motor replaces bi-motor double speed cone rotor electric block.
For as use occasions such as ball mills, be the load of the big inertia of requirement motor driven and starting current is not excessive, the starting time is not long, do not burn motor because of starting.Available motor low or first gear starting of the present utility model (its starting current is that the numerical value of below 50% of top gear starting current value, starting current is not high), switch to top gear and can avoid excessive rush of current and make the whole starting time unlikely long when or else the rotating speed of motor cuts off the power supply during near the synchronous speed of low or first gear, this manufacturing machine such as centrifugal fan that are ball mill, drag conveyor and power plant boiler are used improves the effective way that starting and speed change are switched reliability.These characteristics of the present utility model makes it in various handling machineries (occasion of former employing cage modle or wound rotor motor) wide purposes will be arranged.
Adopt frequency control to have because of difficulty for the machine tool chief axis motor, have to continue to continue to use to be in operation realize the gear box that rotating speed switches because of reaching permanent power wide range speed control.If adopt that Variable Frequency and Speed Adjusting of Electromotor combines with pole changing of the present utility model, the continuous TURP when realizing pole changing changes and can reach be in operation pole-changing switching and do not have excessive rush of current of motor.
For as the lifting mechanism of derrick crane with use occasions such as multiple-speed motors, requiring squirrel-cage rotor motor is three speed or four speed, for example can adopt the simplex winding double speed of 4/16 utmost point simplex winding double speed in the utility model and another set of 8/32 utmost point to be combined in same the motor when needing 4/8/16/32 utmost point, four speed, with formation double winding four speed (or three speed) motor.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the winding construction of novel variable-pole winding and the schematic diagram that pole-changing switches, contactor K 1Close a floodgate and be low speed 2p 2The utmost point, the K that closes again 2Be high speed 2p 1The utmost point.
A) be that variable-pole winding is at high speed 2p in the accompanying drawing 2 1Sense of current schematic diagram in circuit extremely and each the phase coil group is that variable-pole winding is at low speed 2p b) 2Sense of current schematic diagram in circuit extremely and each the phase coil group (sense of current of each coil groups is a) opposite with Fig. 2 in its basic winding, and this coil groups is marked with negative sign).
Accompanying drawing 3 is one of example (number of stator slots Z 1The extremely two stacked windings of=36 grooves, 4/10) concrete coil connecting circuit figure.Under at a high speed, be as the criterion for positive and negative number of coil among the figure.
A) be the 2p of one of example in the accompanying drawing 4 1Each phase magnetic potential polar plot of=4 utmost points b) is the 2p of one of example 2Each phase magnetic potential polar plot of=10 utmost points.A), the direction of rotation of rotating magnetic potential is identical b).
Accompanying drawing 5 is two (number of stator slots Z of example 1=48 grooves, 4/16 utmost point individual layer chain type winding) concrete coil side connecting circuit figure.Under at a high speed, be as the criterion for positive and negative number of coil side among the figure.Table 4
Model External diameter (mm) unshakable in one's determination Core length (mm) Silicon steel sheet weight (kg) Stator and rotor copper heavy (kg) The type of cooling Number of poles Rated current (A) Efficient (%) Power factor The breakdown torque multiple The starting torque multiple Starting current (A) Revolutional slip (%) Temperature rise (℃) Remarks
YYTD-4/16,7.5/1.4KW that domestic current is produced 315 216 140.4 26.5 Add ventilation blower forced ventilation cooling 4 19 81.7 0.76 3.56 3 95 5 Stator: duplex-winding double-speed rotor: two mouse cage copper bars
16 15.9 42 0.32 2.5 2.4 22 16.2
Y1601.4/16 of the present utility model, 7.5/1.4KW 260 190 101.5 12.2 Common Y series is closed from the fan cooling 4 16 87.1 0.85 3.29 3.37 119 3.25 39.4 Stator: simplex winding double speed rotor: common cast aluminium
16 14.5 47 0.33 2.66 2.4 29.6 5

Claims (8)

1, the simplex winding two-speed motor that need not cut off the electricity supply during a kind of pole changing includes stator and rotor, it is characterized in that the stator variable-pole winding is by the basic winding [A that is connected on gable 1, A 2, B 1, B 2, C 1, C 2] and series connection star adjustment winding [a partly 1, a 2, b 1, b 2, c 1, c 2] form, six roots of sensation lead-out wire [D is arranged 1L, D 2L, D 3L, D 1H, D 2H, D 3H,], lead-out wire [D wherein 1L, D 2L, D 3L] and threephase switch K 1Connection can be connected three phase mains, lead-out wire [D 1H, D 2H, D 3H] and threephase switch K 2Connection can be connected lead-out wire [D respectively 1L, D 2L, D 3L].
2, simplex winding two-speed motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that above-mentioned K switch 1Connect and K switch 2Disconnect respectively or when connecting, the stator variable-pole winding is one road Y-Δ tandem-type connection or two road Y-Δ tandem-type connections respectively, motor then correspondingly is low speed (2P 2The utmost point) or at a high speed (2P 1The utmost point).
3, simplex winding two-speed motor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that above-mentioned series connection star adjustment winding [a partly 1, a 2, b 1, b 2, c 1, c 2] shared coil number is less than basic winding [A 1, A 2, B 1, B 2, C 1, C 2] coil number, the coil number of adjusting winding can be 0~40% of the bus number of turns.
4, simplex winding two-speed motor according to claim 3 is characterized in that above-mentioned K switch 2Low speed 2P before connecting 2High speed 2P after the utmost point and the connection 1Extremely the direction of rotation of first-harmonic rotating magnetic potential is identical.
5, simplex winding two-speed motor according to claim 4 is characterized in that the number of poles 2P of above-mentioned high speed and low speed 1/ 2P 2Can be distal pole such as 4/10,4/16 utmost point than or be the proximal pole ratio.
6, simplex winding two-speed motor according to claim 1 and 2, phase difference between the magnetic potential of star part of whenever being in series when it is characterized in that low speed and high speed and triangular portion sub-winding approaches 30 ° of electrical degrees, and the turn ratio of star part winding and each coil of triangular portion sub-winding approaches 1: 3, the ratio of the sectional area of wire of coil and approached 3: 1.
7, simplex winding two-speed motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that stator winding is individual layer or two layer winding.
8, simplex winding two-speed motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that with this double speed winding formation double winding four speed or three fast cage electromotors capable of being combined.
CN 95219843 1995-08-16 1995-08-16 Single-winding double-speed motor without power dump when pole-changing control Expired - Fee Related CN2245824Y (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101212197B (en) * 2006-12-27 2010-12-08 比亚迪股份有限公司 AC motor system with variable number of pole pairs for electric automobile
CN103929030A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-16 哈尔滨理工大学 Single-winding three-speed pole-changing winding for tower crane and pole-changing control method based on single-winding three-speed pole-changing winding
CN106160273A (en) * 2016-07-21 2016-11-23 哈尔滨理工大学 Oil field high starting torque induction machine
CN106505771A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-03-15 江西江特电机有限公司 A kind of new motor double speed simplex winding
CN108390613A (en) * 2018-03-21 2018-08-10 杭州先途电子有限公司 A kind of multi gear position motor control method and device
CN112615523A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-04-06 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Magnetic gear assembly and composite motor with same
WO2023164865A1 (en) * 2022-03-03 2023-09-07 罗灿 Three-phase yoke winding pole changeable stator

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101212197B (en) * 2006-12-27 2010-12-08 比亚迪股份有限公司 AC motor system with variable number of pole pairs for electric automobile
CN103929030A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-16 哈尔滨理工大学 Single-winding three-speed pole-changing winding for tower crane and pole-changing control method based on single-winding three-speed pole-changing winding
CN106160273A (en) * 2016-07-21 2016-11-23 哈尔滨理工大学 Oil field high starting torque induction machine
CN106505771A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-03-15 江西江特电机有限公司 A kind of new motor double speed simplex winding
CN108390613A (en) * 2018-03-21 2018-08-10 杭州先途电子有限公司 A kind of multi gear position motor control method and device
CN112615523A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-04-06 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Magnetic gear assembly and composite motor with same
WO2023164865A1 (en) * 2022-03-03 2023-09-07 罗灿 Three-phase yoke winding pole changeable stator

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