CN2235583Y - High efficiency square box shaped coal boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a high efficiency square box type coal boiler, which is characterized in that briquettes are combusted on a hand-operated moving grate, the coal bed is uniform, the stacking porosity of the coal bed is higher than that of the loose coal, thus the aeration condition can be improved, the exorbitant excess air ratio caused by hooking coal can be decreased, and the semi-mechanical deslagging can be reached. The overfire air in the hearth can blow the surface of the coal bed, a stirring function can be obtained, and the required air can be directly sent to an oxide layer. A high and a short front arches in the hearth are matched with a Y-shaped rear arch to fulfill the functions of storing heat, resisting dust, changing the fume flow direction and increasing the fume flow. The high efficiency square box type coal boiler has the advantages of complete combustion, no smoke, no dust, high heat efficiency, and convenient manufacture, installation and operation.

Description

Efficient square chest molded coal boiler

The utility model is a kind of with moulded coal---coal briquette is a fuel, adopts the small-sized hand of hand moving grate burning to burn the square chest molded coal boiler.

It is the simplest grate furnace that hand burns miniature boiler, and it has, and the burning ignition condition is superior, and coal adaptability is wide, and is easy to operate, and fire grate does not have advantages such as mechanical fault.

At present, along with country to the improving constantly of environmental protection requirement, existing a large amount of dust concentration and blackness of exhaustion that fire bulk coal-fired miniature boiler discharging in the grate firing mode all do not reach existing environmental requirement.Miniature boiler directly uses the coal that looses following shortcoming; The first, because fuel intermittently drops into, the variation of coal seam thickness and cold air enter burner hearth and all can exert an influence to stove internal combustion situation.Fresh fuel has just added fashionable, and fuel bed is thicker, and flowing resistance is big, the air capacity that enters by the coal seam reduces, simultaneously when adding fuel, fire door opens wide, and a large amount of air are by the fire door burner hearth that bleeds, furnace temperature is descended, be unfavorable for the burning of fresh fuel, because the supply and demand of air is very uneven, after fresh fuel drops into, when fugitive constituent is separated out in a large number, just there is part under the situation of high temperature anoxic, to decompose and is cracked into carbon black, thereby cause the phenomenon of over-emitting black exhaust.The second, fuel bed coal cinder granular size differs, and broken coal bits content is more, and the coal seam became uneven is even.The place that the coal seam is thin or loose, resistance is little, and the air capacity of passing through is big, and ratio of combustion is very fast, and lime-ash forms also fast, and the result makes that the coal seam is thinner herein, and resistance is littler, will fire the part, district and burn, and making burns deteriorates significantly.The 3rd, when using caking property and clinkering property coal, coal can bond together when burning, makes the contact gear ratio of air and coal difficult, and combustion reaction is difficult to carry out.

At the mechanism of above-mentioned handwarmer generation flue dust, reach the purpose of smoke abatement and dust control, must solve from three aspects: the one, burning briquette one coal briquette is evenly distributed the burner hearth fuel bed, eliminates the broken coal bits, makes air evenly enter burner hearth, and ignition temperature improves.The 2nd, allow the drying that enters the air of fuel bed and coal, the dried layer of sauting at first contacts, make the fugitive constituent in the coal obtain the necessary air that burns, avoid taking place fugitive constituent and under the situation of high temperature anoxic, decompose and be cracked into carbon black.The 3rd, after carbon black produces, make its completing combustion in stove.Carbon black completing combustion will possess following three conditions: enough air, necessary temperature is with fully mixing of air.And the burner hearth of common handwarmer is not exclusively to possess above-mentioned condition, so carbon black is in case produce very difficult completing combustion in the burner hearth of common handwarmer.

The purpose of this utility model is exactly by boiler structure, mainly is the reasonable disposition and the design of fire grate structure and chamber structure and primary and secondary air, solves the shortcoming and defect of existing boiler.Basic scheme is as follows: one is to use hand moving grate, uses coal briquette, and rationally air-supply makes fuel completing combustion, it is not produced or produces carbon black less.The 2nd, the appropriate design chamber structure forms height and short face arch at furnace front, and in burner hearth, the rear portion is furnished with the rear arch of the knuckle that leans forward, burner hearth coating on both sides wall with refractory lining, refracto makes burner hearth have higher temperature.The 3rd, reasonably arrange wind and secondary wind, the combustible in air and the burner hearth is mixed preferably, make its sufficient combustion, eliminate black smoke.

The technical solution of the utility model is achieved in that appropriate design boiler furnace structure, guarantees burning condition, makes sufficient combustion.Principal character of the present utility model is embodied in uses the hand moving grate that is suitable for the coal briquette burning, and reasonable Arrangement face arch and rear arch are on the reasonable disposition primary and secondary air.Feature is as follows;

One, on hand moving grate, uses coal briquette, because coal briquette has certain geometry and homogeneous phase overall dimensions together, the porosity that coal briquette is piled up in the fuel bed on the grate firing fire grate is much higher than the long-pending porosity of dump of loosing, therefore air-distribution is all very even in burner hearth interior coal seam distribution and the burner hearth, ventilation condition is improved, ignition temperature improves, reactivity increases, organic thermal cracking in the coal briquette and combustion reaction be uniform and complete relatively, ratio of combustion is more abundant, the part that occurs when loosing coal can not occur burning and burn phenomenon.The coking and the slagging scorification phenomenon that occur when higher porosity can be avoided using caking property or clinkering property coal when using coal briquette have increased the coal applicability.The gap of the hand moving grate that adopts can make air directly send in the middle of the coal seam according to the size design of coal briquette.When the loosening fuel bed of needs, as long as the handle jog is several down, loosening fuel bed not only can reduce flowing resistance, is wrapped in ash content around the coal briquette and also can be shaken and come off, and helps after-flame.During scarfing cinder,, make fire grate turn to inclination angle about 30 ° as long as the amplitude that handle promotes strengthens, most of lime-ash promptly falls, can not reduce boiler output when adopting this fire grate removing slag, help improving boiler thermal output, and greatly reduce fireman's labour intensity.

Two, reasonable Arrangement face arch, rear arch and coating wall with refractory lining, refracto.Arranged the face arch and the rear arch that constitute with refractory material in burner hearth, the face arch position is higher, and is shorter, can be convenient to igniting of coal well to furnace front coal seam radiations heat energy.Rear arch is long and low, and front end has a knuckle, and the cross section of rear arch is " people " font, and its area coverage is 1/3～1/2 of a grate area, the reflect heat at burner hearth rear portion can be returned, and is beneficial to the after-flame of fuel.The knuckle of rear arch front end both can accumulation of heat, improved temperature in the stove, stickingly caught fly ash granule and made its burning, again can holding furnace in cigarette, air, change the flow of flue gas direction, prolong smoke plays the effect of smoke abatement and dust control at residing time in furnace.The and arranged on left and right sides of burner hearth and antetheca can apply different wall with refractory lining, refracto according to the difference of coal, to guarantee fire box temperature.The position and the shape of burner hearth arrangement form and front and back arch, make the flue gas flow rate of furnace outlet higher, after entering convection heating surface, scouring effect is good, in addition because the increase of cross section, convection heating surface porch, flue gas flow rate is descended, and a small amount of grit that carries in the flue gas settles down through blocking of convection bank, has further reduced dust content.

Three, wind of reasonable Arrangement and secondary wind, one time wind is sent into burner hearth in the fire grate bottom through fire grate by air blast, sufficient air when supplying with burning.Air secondary wind two the arch between from the boiler both sides or the boiler front send into burner hearth through secondary air channel, the air quantity and the blast of secondary wind are adjustable, secondary tuyere is downward-sloping, point to coal combustion district in the burner hearth, both played perturbation action, the interior flue gas of burner hearth is fully mixed with air, the oxygen that directly needs during the oxide layer aftercombustion in fuel bed again, cooperate with a wind, make fuel when burning, obtain sufficient oxygen, overheavy firing condition.

Four, reasonable Arrangement heating surface.Because chamber structure is optimized, fire box temperature is higher, burning cmpletely, therefore the flue-gas temperature of furnace outlet is higher, can arrange the convection heating surface of comparatively dense in the furnace outlet back, convection heating surface can be horizontal water tube formula, vertical water pipe formula, curved waterpipe type, and shell fume tube type and smoke pipe water pipe are hybrid.

Narrate an embodiment of the present utility model below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

As shown in the figure, this is a small-sized square chest hot-water boiler, and its burner hearth is that the heating surface arrangement form is the horizontal water tube formula by the burner hearth of this patent characteristics design.

Figure one is the boiler structure schematic diagram.

Coal briquette is sent into burner hearth through fire door 1, drop on the hand moving grate 2, one time wind is sent into burner hearth through ajutage 11 with fire grate 2 bottoms by blower fan, secondary is sent into burner hearth by tuyere 3, the direct downward-sloping surface, coal seam that blows to, and the high-temperature flue gas of coal briquette after burning on the fire grate is through face arch 5, blocking of rear arch 8, enter convection heating surface 9 through the burner hearth flue outlet above rear arch 8, after chimney enters atmosphere, the approach of flue gas process in burner hearth is a serpentine with the heat transferred hot aqueous medium.The width that the length of face arch, rear arch and angle and wall with refractory lining, refracto apply can be adjusted layout according to the coal that uses, the air quantity of wind and secondary wind can be adjusted according to combustion case, generally speaking, the blast of a wind is low, air quantity is big, the blast height of secondary wind, air quantity is little, and secondary tuyere can be arranged one or several according to the area of fire grate, and is different with the secondary wind of other boilers.Secondary wind of the present utility model directly blows to the coal seam.The lime-ash of after-flame is handled and is gone out clearly after grate row falls into pit.Also be provided with a cleaning door in convection bank inlet bottom, with the low amounts of dust of cleaning secondary settlement.What this embodiment selected for use is the square box shape tranverse water tube boiler, and it is intensive that heating surface is arranged, volume is little, and the water circulation is reliable, and steel consumption is few, and production and processing is simple, and cost is low.Also can the other forms of convection heating surface of reasonable Arrangement.

The utility model coal applicability is wide, is suitable for using all kinds of bituminous coal and anthracitic boiler, be suitable for evaporation capacity and be 1 ton/time (or thermal power 0.7MW) and following steam, hot water or dual purpose steam water boiler.By the boiler that the utility model manufactures and designs, smoke discharge amount meets relative national standards fully.

Claims (4)

1. efficient square chest molded coal boiler, it is characterized in that the coal briquette that on hand moving grate, burns, be furnished with face arch in the burner hearth and have " people " font rear arch of knuckle that the fire grate bottom is furnished with airduct one time, be furnished with secondary air channel in the burner hearth, secondary air channel spout (tuyere) points to the coal seam.

2, efficient square chest molded coal boiler as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the gap of said hand moving grate matches with the coal briquette diameter, and the fire grate bottom is equipped with airduct one time, and fire grate can rock from side to side 10 °～60 °.

3, efficient square chest molded coal boiler as claimed in claim 1, arch before and after it is characterized in that being furnished with in the burner hearth, the short face height of face arch, the angle of inclination is bigger, and rear arch is low and grow, and front end has a knuckle consistent with the face arch direction, and the cross section is " people " font.

4, efficient square chest molded coal boiler as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that secondary air channel is arranged in burner hearth both sides or front, and secondary wind blows to the surface, coal seam through tuyere.

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