CN2220630Y - Detecting instrument for blast furnace lining thickness - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a detecting instrument for blast furnace lining thickness, which adopts eight to sixty-four sensors to connect with one to eight one-out-of-eight analog switches 1U< 2 > to 8U< 2 >. The output of the one to eight analog switches is connected with an amplifier connected with an attenuation controller. The attenuation controller is connected with the other amplifier which is connected with a proportional collector and a waveform display. The proportional collector is connected with a microcomputer which is in feedback connection with the attenuation controller through a conducting wire. The microcomputer is connected with the eight to sixty-four sensors and is also connected with the attenuation controller. The microcomputer is connected with external computers, such as a printer, etc. The utility model has the characteristics of low failure rate, good reliability and high measuring precision.

Description

The blast furnace lining thickness gauge

The utility model relates to a kind of a kind of instrument that implementation detects automatically to blast furnace thickness, particularly a kind of blast furnace lining thickness gauge.

Be one of problem of paying close attention to the most of iron industry the life of the blast furnace.Because 1 year life of the blast furnace of every prolongation, 1 year output value of tapping a blast furnace of not only many wounds also can be saved 1,000 ten thousand yuan/year of brickwork (or repairing stove) expenses.Present domestic average furnace order is only in 5-8 years, this just relates to factors such as used refractory quality of blast furnace and furnace building process, also since to the furnace lining abrasion detection inaccurate wait many-side for some reason element caused.Thereby find timely can regulate blowing direction and method for operating blast furnace effectively in the thinning area, concentrate wearing and tearing to avoid local excessive, so that stove is scrapped entirely, even the bleed-out accident is taken place.

For the problem that solves the blast furnace lining abrasion detection, the method that adopts both at home and abroad is that fixed point is imbedded isotope or thermopair when brickwork at present, intermittently estimates residual lining thickness, measuring accuracy ± below the 100mm.But also the temperature difference of going into, go out that will be aided with cooling circulating water improves accuracy of detection, but still inaccurate, poor reliability, and inconvenience, radiometric method is harmful to environment again, adopts the infrared measurement of temperature method abroad in addition, measures the shaft radiations heat energy and estimates furnace lining attenuate degree.But precision is low, affected by environment big, comprehensive detecting operation difficulty.For overcoming the problems referred to above, the utility model has designed a kind of lining thickness detector, and it is to adopt to fix a point to imbed special acoustic material when brickwork, and it and furnace lining wear and tear simultaneously, a side outside the stove of acoustic material is provided with ultrasonic sensor and the lining thickness detector links.The residual thickness of acoustic material can be measured continuously exactly, precision height, good reliability, and it is convenient to measure, and input cost is low, because acoustic material and furnace lining are wearing and tearing synchronously, so both known the residual thickness of acoustic material, also knows the furnace lining residual thickness.

The purpose of this utility model provide a kind of can be to the blast furnace lining thickness gauge of the comprehensive continuous monitoring of blast furnace.

The utility model is to adopt such method to realize: 8-64 piezoelectric sensor is connected in 1-8 individual eight and selects an analog switch 1U2-8U2,1-8 analog switch 1U2-8U2 output connects amplifier, amplifier connects attenuation controller, attenuation controller connects and amplifier, amplifier connects and ratio collector and waveform oscilloscope, the ratio collector connects microcomputer, microcomputer connects and attenuation controller by the lead feedback, microcomputer connects 8-64 piezoelectric sensor and connects radiating circuit, and microcomputer does keyboard with printer, nixie display, behaviour and the peripheral hardware computing machine links to each other.

The single channel output of 1U2-8U2 all is connected in the single channel input port of amplifier, and amplifier is a fixed gain amplifier, and gain 20db is in order to improve from the voltage wave amplitude and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the next electric signal of transducer.Signal after the amplification enters the electrons decay controller, and attenuation controller is the variable electronic attenuator of damping capacity.Be subjected to controlled by single chip microprocessor, overall attenuation can reach 68db, and electronic attenuator output certain voltage enters amplifier, and amplifier is a fixed gain amplifier, and gain 40db is used for amplifying the signal that is come by electronic attenuator, for next stage sampling ratio collector for processing.And after sending into the further amplification of waveform oscilloscope, reclaim the ripple signal and be presented on the oscillatron, the sampling ratio collector is received signal from amplifier, from input signal time reference signal and end face echoed signal is separated then, sampling obtains two kinds of different time interval signals respectively.Two different times proportionate relationship is at interval promptly represented distance (being lining thickness) between end face to be measured and the transducer.Standard time is spaced apart represents a constant length, goes the time of end face echo more to be measured with it, and its scale-up factor multiply by the constant length of standard time representative, is exactly lining thickness.Sampling ratio collector, the only collection of the separation of responsible signal and time scale signal.The conversion of concrete computing time and length is finished by single chip microcomputer.8 groups of emission coefficients of microcomputer may command make 64 transducers by the certain time interval sequential working, and the time scale signal that it sends the ratio collector here calculates compensation, and are converted into length signals and are sent to digital display system.Simultaneously, the decay of electronic attenuator discharges, and makes the signal amplitude of its output under system controlled by computer, no matter the output signal amplitude of amplifier has much, all be defined as the 5mv signal of standard, deliver to amplifier again and zoom into 500mv signal (promptly amplifying 40db), be sent to the ratio collector.This is the closed-loop control of a strictness.This function just so that the echoed signal of acute variation all the time, and the different transducer different big or small echoed signal of coming all is controlled in standard 5mv signal all the time, makes total system that extremely strong adaptive capacity to environment and stable serviceability be arranged.

Measurement result is printed by the mini-printer timing automatic.Operating key on the keyboard is, so as to regulating the sampling position of strobe, microcomputer computing penalty coefficient insert man-machine conversations such as various different operating modes and Presentation Function adjusting.

Computing machine is the non-system that designs a calculating machine, and can be used to expand micro-computer function.Such as drawing real-time furnace lining sectional view, accumulative total furnace lining Changing Pattern etc.

Blast furnace generally is separated by about 100 meters apart from the metering house.Therefore, each measurement point is that each sensor all should be equipped with signal cable long about 100 meters, and 64 road measurement points just should drop into 6400 meters cables.If 8 groups of emission coefficients together with public Um1, Um2, Um3 (seeing accompanying drawing 2), from total system, split, be directly installed near the blast furnace, use a signal output cable and 6 system controlled by computer bus a, b, c, A, B, C and clock lines (incoming line of Um1) so, add 3 power lead (+400V, + 12V ,-2V), amount to 11 lines and can replace 64 cables.System layout simplifies greatly, and cuts apart an important techniques effect is installed, and promptly the transmission range of high-voltage pulse shortens greatly, and pulse front edge is steep, and instantaneous power is big, thereby improves the ultrasonic emitting power of sensor, the detectability of enhanced system.

The utility model is compared with isotope method with thermopair, and it is low to have failure rate, good reliability, and characteristics easy and simple to handle, and improve measuring accuracy greatly, can implement comprehensive continuous monitoring to blast furnace lining thickness.

Physical circuit of the present utility model and embodiment are provided by the following drawings.

Fig. 1 is a frame circuit diagram of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a radiating circuit schematic diagram of the present utility model.

Fig. 3 is sampling ratio collector circuit theory diagrams of the present utility model.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing physical circuit of the present utility model and embodiment are further described.

See shown in Figure 1: the blast furnace lining thickness gauge is to adopt 8-64 piezoelectric sensors, receives the acoustic material in the furnace lining.Sensor H1-H8 is the piezoelectricity reversible transducer, when it is subjected to the high-voltage pulse of emission coefficient, produces mechanical vibration, forms ultrasound wave, and this ultrasonic propagation is reflected again to the end face of sound bearing medium.When reflection echo arrived piezoelectric transducer, the mechanical vibration of sound wave produced the electric signal that leads with Ying again on piezoelectrics.Each organizes emission coefficient, all has 8 to select an analog switch 1U2, after the ultrasound echo signal that 8 transducers are received is converted into electric signal, all enters analog switch 1U2, and under the control of single chip microcomputer 11, order is from the output terminal single channel output of 1U2 then.

Each emission group comprises 8 and measures passage, and system establishes 64 measurement points altogether.According to the blast furnace concrete condition or press customer requirements, can establish 8,16,32,40,48,56,64 passages or 64 following any number passages.

The single channel output of 1U2 all is connected in the single channel input port of amplifier 2, and amplifier 2 is a fixed gain amplifier, and gain 20db is in order to improve from the voltage wave amplitude and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the next electric signal of transducer.Signal after the amplification enters electrons decay controller 3, attenuation controller 3 is the variable electronic attenuators of damping capacity, be subjected to controlled by single chip microprocessor, overall attenuation can reach 68db, electrons decay controller 3, be made up of 10db, 20db and 2db, 4db, 6db, 8db resistance decrement chain and multiway analog switch, the control end of analog switch is received on the control of microcomputer bus, forms to be subjected to the microcomputer electronics automatic attenuator of control in real time.This part is gain the national patent, and the patent No. is 89202993.5.Electronic attenuator is exported certain amplitude voltage and is entered amplifier 4, amplifier 4 is fixed gain amplifiers, gain 40db, be used for amplifying the signal that comes by electronic attenuator, handle for next stage sampling ratio collector 6, and after sending into waveform oscilloscope 5 further amplifications, reclaiming waveform signal is presented on the oscillatron, the sampling ratio collector is received signal from amplifier 4, from input signal, time reference signal and end face echoed signal are separated then, sampling obtains two kinds of different time interval signals respectively.Two different times proportionate relationship is at interval promptly represented distance (being lining thickness) between end face to be measured and the transducer.Standard time is represented a constant length at interval, goes the time of end face echo more to be measured with it, and its scale-up factor multiply by the constant length of standard time representative, is exactly lining thickness.Sampling ratio collector, the only collection of the separation of responsible signal and this routine signal of time.The conversion of concrete computing time and length is finished by single chip microcomputer.8 groups of emission coefficients of microcomputer may command make 64 transducers by the certain time interval sequential working, and the time scale signal that it sends the ratio collector here calculates compensation, and are converted into length signals and are sent to digital display system 10.Simultaneously, the decay of electronic attenuator discharges and is subjected to system controlled by computer, makes the signal amplitude of attenuator 3 outputs, and no matter the output signal amplitude of amplifier 2 has much, all be defined as the 5mv signal of standard, deliver to amplifier 4 again and zoom into 500m signal (promptly amplifying 40db) and be sent to the ratio collector.This is the closed-loop control of a strictness.This one by one function just so that the echoed signal of acute variation all the time, and the different transducer different big or small echoed signal of coming all is controlled in standard 5mv signal all the time, makes total system that extremely strong adaptive capacity to environment and stable serviceability be arranged.

Microcomputer connects the electrons decay controller, enters the sampling ratio collector again through amplifier 4 and is back to system controlled by computer composition closed loop real-time follow-up Adjustment System.No matter the acute variation how of the echoed signal from the emission coefficient to the amplifier can both make the echoed signal (0.5V) of amplifier 4 output fixed amplitude, thereby make the sampling ratio collector be in optimum Working all the time.This function not only makes total system have extremely strong external environment adaptive faculty, and has guaranteed the actual measurement precision.

Digital display system has 6 charactrons.Wherein most significant digit shows the group number of working at present in 1-8 emission groups; The second high-order channel number of working in 1-8 passages of the emission group of working at present that shows; Below 4 show the current actual blast furnace lining one-tenth-value thickness 1/10s that record.These signals are from microcomputer, and give the peripheral hardware computer system simultaneously.Obvious high two digits shows is representing the geometric position of imbedding acoustic material in the stove.

The waveform display system demonstrates transmitted wave strictly according to the facts, the standard length echo, and simulating signals such as Bottom echo to be measured substitute with common A-mode ultrasonic wave inspection instrument.Whether the installation site that can confirm each passage ultrasonic transducer by it is correct, and whether the acoustic coupling between transducer and the acoustic material is good, and whether 100 meters Chief Signal Boatswain lines have the quality of peripheral hardware conditions such as fault.Also can accurately adjust the switching time of the sampling gate of standard length echo sampling gate that microcomputer sends and the end to be measured ripple by it.Each passage all can be adjusted respectively, and is stored in the random memory of microcomputer.

Measurement result is printed by the mini-printer timing automatic.Operating key on the keyboard is, so as to regulating the sampling position of strobe, microcomputer computing penalty coefficient insert man-machine conversations such as various different operating modes and Presentation Function adjusting.

Computing machine is the non-system that designs a calculating machine, and can be used to expand micro-computer function.Such as drawing real-time furnace lining sectional view, accumulative total furnace lining Changing Pattern etc.

See shown in Figure 2: radiating circuit (1) comprises that 1TR1.TR2.1TR3 forms three grades of triggers; 1TR4 is that injectron has 400～600V pulse voltage; injectron connects and piezoelectric sensor 1H1～1H8; the sequential control connection 1U1 eight of microcomputer (11) selects a switch to connect the current switch of forming with 1TR5-1～1TR5-8 and 1TR6-1～1TR6-8 respectively and is connected relay 1JD1～1JD8; 1R14-1～1R14-8; 1D3-1～1D3-8; 1D4-1～1D4-8 is the double limiting protector; radiating circuit 1TR1 selects a switch to link to each other with UM1 eight; 1U1 eight selects a switch and UM2 eight to select a switch to link to each other; UM1 selects a switch to link to each other with microcomputer (11) with UM2 eight, and UM1 links to each other with the UM3 frequency divider with UM2.

Radiating circuit is hyperacoustic signal source, and 1 radiating circuit has 8 passages, is switched by 8 electronic relay JD1-JD8, and 8 ultrasonic transducer H1-H8 of de-energisation produce ultrasound wave respectively, import sound bearing medium to be measured into.

TR4 is the high speed high voltage switch pipe, when its conducting, will be stored in electric energy on the C4 through transducer and relay rapid discharge, is ultrasound wave thereby the excitation transducer produces high-frequency mechanical vibration.Relay J D1-JD8 is subjected to eight to select a switch U1 (4051) control, and its control end a, b, c are connected on the microcomputer bus, whenever have only a relay adhesive.Under system controlled by computer, (as 1 minute) at regular intervals, 8 relay circulation adhesives.The function that relay possesses is high pressure resistant, switching speed is fast.The electric current of its working coil is provided by the current amplifier that TR5-TR6 forms.

The conducting of TR4 is controlled by trigger end G, the moment of triggering, is transducer emission initial point, also for measuring the starting point of beginning, by system controlled by computer.From the 10us pulse (10ms at interval) of microcomputer, by C1, R1 differential, amplify through TR1-TR3 again, form the instantaneous trigger device, remove to trigger TR4.Triggered time is short more, and then Fa She instantaneous power is big more.One end of 8 relays is short mutually to be connected, but the other end inserts eight and selects an analog switch U2 (4051) through R14, D3, D4 double limiting.U2 and U1 are controlled by microcomputer bus a, b, c simultaneously.R14, D3, D4 are only to the high pressure amplitude limit usefulness that transmitted, with protection U2.But transducer is accepted not influence of high pressure excitation, and after high pressure emission end, receive the measuring-signal of returning from transducer through a period of time, because of its amplitude maximum is no more than 200mV, D3, not conducting of D4, thus enter U2 losslessly.8 road defeated eight orders are by the 3 pin serials output of U2.

Be 1 emission group partly in the frame of broken lines in the accompanying drawing 2, contain 8 passages.8 groups of totally 64 passages capable of being combined.Promptly a detector can be surveyed 64 measurement points.C signal among system controlled by computer bus a, b, the c through 3 frequency divisions of frequency divider Um3, goes to control 28 and selects 1 switch Um1 and Um2, and its 8 output terminals connect 8 emission groups respectively.3 fractional frequency signal A, B, the C of Um3 send into the emission group that microcomputer is being worked with difference.And show with charactron.The output signal of each group is exported by TR7.And 8 groups of output signals can be lacked 1 input end linking amplifier 1 by the buffer action of 1TR7-8TR7, finish serial output.

See shown in Figure 3: sampling ratio collector (6) comprises the amplifier that TR1～TR4 forms, amplifier is connected to form standard length scaling signal trigger and is connected U5 two with U2-1 and U2-2 and selects a switch, one road U2-3 and U2-4 form length ratio signal trigger to be measured and are connected with U5 two and select a switch, U5 two selects a switch to connect TR6, TR6 connects and microcomputer (11), U1-1 and U1-2 form demultiplexer, U2-1 and U2-2 and U2-3 and U2-4 are trigger, the separation vessel that U1-1 and U1-2 and U3-1 and U3-2 and LU3-3 and U3-4 form, U3-1 and U3-2 and U3-3 and U3-4 and U4-1 and U4-2 and U4-3 and U4-4 form separation vessel, U4-1 is connected with microcomputer (11) interface with U4-4 with U4-2 and U4-3, and U3-1 links to each other with TR5 with the U3-4 separation signal and links to each other with waveform oscilloscope (5) with U3-2 and U3-3.The sampling ratio device is formed two-stage amplifier by TR1-TR4, will zoom into the 5V signal from the 0.5V measuring-signal of amplifier 4, makes Sheffer stroke gate U1-1 and U1-2 upset work.Amplification quantity is regulated by W2.In the signal of TR4 output, existing standard time echo also has time echo to be measured, alternately occur in time, separated by U1-1 and U1-2, remove to trigger two triggers being made up of Sheffer stroke gate U2-1 and U2-2 and U2-3 and U2-4 respectively, function is equivalent to the trigger zero clearing.Put 1 function, introduce by C6, R10, from microcomputer.It is consistent with the launch time of each passage to put 1 signal.Therefore from putting 1 to this time interval of zero clearing, promptly represent the standard time at interval or the time interval to be measured, select 1 analog switch U5 output by four, give microsystem, for relatively, calculate, record sound bearing medium length to be measured.Because of each passage all has the standard length signal of controlling oneself and giving setting, i.e. the proportional sizes of self, thus remedy the measuring error that external environment causes in real time.

U1-1 and U1-2 separation criterion signal and measured signal are controlled by Sheffer stroke gate U3-1 and U3-2 and U3-3 and U3-4.Alternately send the collection signal strobe (JM) of standard signal and measured signal by microsystem.The JM signal is subjected to extraneous Keyboard Control from the random memory of microcomputer, can manually adjust at any time.For accurately determining the adjustment time this signal to be exported by TR5, give amplification of waveform display system and demonstration, so that observe.For making microsystem be convenient to carry out digital filtering, the calculating of averaging by Sheffer stroke gate U4-1 and U4-2 and U4-3 and U4-4 introducing selectivity signal (XK), can be accomplished alternately gathering or single collection of standard signal, measured signal.In case U2-1 and U2-2 and U2-3 and U2-4 collect standard signal or measured signal, promptly through U5 and TR6 output deliver to microcomputer, then microcomputer stops the decay of electronic attenuator is discharged at once.The signal of electrons decay controller output enters the sampling ratio collector through amplifier 4, enters microcomputer again, forms the closed loop tracking Control.The electrons decay controller is subjected to system controlled by computer, begins to discharge gradually decay from the maximum attenuation amount, and the signal that makes amplifier 4 receive strengthens gradually, in case reach the amplitude that U2 can gather, discharges even stop the electrons decay controller.This measure had both solved the measurement difficulty that signal fluctuation brings, and had improved measuring accuracy again greatly

Claims (3)

1, a kind of blast furnace lining thickness gauge, it is characterized in that: 8-64 piezoelectric sensor is connected in 1-8 individual eight and selects an analog switch 1U2-8U2,1-8 analog switch 1U2-8U2 output connects amplifier (2), amplifier (2) connects attenuation controller (3), attenuation controller (3) connects and amplifier (4), amplifier (4) connects and ratio collector (6) and waveform oscilloscope (5), ratio collector (6) connects microcomputer (11), microcomputer (11) connects and attenuation controller (3) by the lead feedback, microcomputer (11) connects 8-64 piezoelectric sensor and connects radiating circuit (1), microcomputer (11) and printer (9), nixie display (10), behaviour does keyboard (8) and peripheral hardware computing machine (7) links to each other.

2; by the described blast furnace lining thickness gauge of claim 1; it is characterized in that: radiating circuit (1) comprises that 1TR1.1TR2.1TR3 forms three grades of triggers; 1TR4 is that injectron has 400～600V pulse voltage; injectron connects and piezoelectric sensor 1H1～1H8; the sequential control connection 1U1 eight of microcomputer (11) selects a switch to connect the current switch of forming with 1TR5-1～1TR5-8 and 1TR6-1～1TR-8 respectively and is connected relay 1JD1～1JD8; 1R14-1～1R14-8; 1D3-1～1D3-8; 1D4-1～1D4-8 is the double limiting protector; radiating circuit 1TR1 selects a switch to link to each other with UM1 eight; 1U1 eight selects a switch and UM2 eight to select a switch to link to each other; UM1 selects a switch to link to each other with microcomputer (11) with UM2 eight, and UM1 links to each other with the UM3 frequency divider with UM2.

3, by the described blast furnace lining thickness gauge of claim 1, it is characterized in that: sampling ratio collector (6) comprises the amplifier that TR1～TR4 forms, amplifier is connected to form standard length scaling signal trigger and is connected U5 two with U2-1 and U2-2 and selects a switch, one road U2-3 and U2-4 form length ratio signal trigger to be measured and are connected with U5 two and select a switch, U5 two selects a switch to connect TR6, TR6 connects and microcomputer (11), U1-1 and U1-2 form demultiplexer, U2-1 and U2-2 and U2-3 and U2-4 are trigger, the separation vessel that U1-1 and U1-2 and U3-1 and U3-2 and U3-3 and U3-4 form, U3-1 and U3-2 and U3-3 and U3-4 and U4-1 and U4-2 and U4-3 and U4-4 form separation vessel, U4-1 is connected with microcomputer (11) interface with U4-4 with U4-2 and U4-3, and U3-1 links to each other with TR5 with the U3-4 separation signal and links to each other with waveform oscilloscope (5) with U3-2 and U3-3.