CN221328075U - Topological structure, low-pass filter and communication equipment - Google Patents
Topological structure, low-pass filter and communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model relates to the technical field of communication, and particularly discloses a topological structure, a low-pass filter and communication equipment. One end of the fourth microstrip line is connected with one ends of the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line and the fifth microstrip line, the other end of the first microstrip line is connected with the input end and one end of the first open circuit branch, the other end of the second microstrip line is connected with the output end and one end of the third microstrip line, the other end of the third microstrip line is connected with the second open circuit branch, the other end of the fifth microstrip line is connected with the fifth open circuit branch, and the other end of the fourth microstrip line is connected with one ends of the third open circuit branch and the fourth open circuit branch. The structure is used for designing the low-pass filter and has the advantages of simple structure, high selectivity, high isolation and wide stop band.
Description
Technical Field
Embodiments of the present utility model relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a topology structure, a low-pass filter, and a communications device.
Background
With the rapid development of the fifth generation mobile communication technology, there is a higher demand for the size and performance of electronic devices, and filters play an important role in the communication system to filter noise, interference and other unwanted signals. Today's low pass filters are mainly defected structures, step impedance resonators, stub loading resonators, sector resonators, etc.
In carrying out embodiments of the present utility model, the inventors found that: the defected ground structure is formed by a double-layer circuit, the scheme based on the sector resonator needs multistage resonator cascading, and the assembly is complex; the solution based on step impedance resonators and stub loaded resonators has the problem that the narrow stop band or sidebands are not steep.
Disclosure of utility model
In view of the foregoing, embodiments of the present utility model provide a topology, a low-pass filter, and a communication device, which overcome or at least partially solve the foregoing problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts a technical scheme that: the topological structure comprises an input end, an output end, a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line, a fifth microstrip line, a first open circuit branch, a second open circuit branch, a third open circuit branch, a fourth open circuit branch and a fifth open circuit branch. One end of the fourth microstrip line is connected with one end of the first microstrip line, one end of the second microstrip line and one end of the fifth microstrip line, the other end of the first microstrip line is connected with the input end and one end of the first open circuit branch, the other end of the second microstrip line is connected with the output end and one end of the third microstrip line, the other end of the third microstrip line is connected with one end of the second open circuit branch, the other end of the fifth microstrip line is connected with one end of the fifth open circuit branch, and the other end of the fourth microstrip line is connected with one end of the third open circuit branch and one end of the fourth open circuit branch.
Optionally, the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the third open-circuit branch and the fourth open-circuit branch are all symmetrically arranged with respect to the fourth microstrip line.
Optionally, the first open-circuit branch, the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the third open-circuit branch, the fourth open-circuit branch, and the fifth open-circuit branch are arranged in parallel and perpendicular to the fourth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line, and the second open-circuit branch.
Optionally, the characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the second microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the third microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the fifth microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the first open circuit branch, the characteristic impedance of the second open circuit branch, and the characteristic impedance of the fifth open circuit branch are the same; the characteristic impedance of the third open branch is the same as the characteristic impedance of the fourth open branch and is twice the characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line.
Optionally, the electrical length of the first microstrip line, the electrical length of the second microstrip line, the electrical length of the fourth microstrip line, the electrical length of the third open circuit branch and the electrical length of the fourth open circuit branch are all corresponding quarter wavelengths at the stop band center frequency, the sum of the electrical length of the fifth microstrip line and the electrical length of the fifth open circuit branch is corresponding quarter wavelengths at the stop band center frequency, and the electrical length of the first open circuit branch is equal to the electrical length of the third microstrip line.
Optionally, the electrical length calculation formula of the first open circuit branch is as followsWherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a stop band center frequency, Z 1 is a characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line, and Z 2 is a characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line; the electrical length calculation formula of the second open circuit branch is as followsWherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a stop band center frequency, Z 1 is a characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line, and Z 2 is a characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts another technical scheme that: a low pass filter is provided comprising the topology described above.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts another technical scheme that: there is provided a communication device comprising the low pass filter described above.
The embodiment of the utility model has the beneficial effects that: different from the situation of the prior art, the embodiment of the utility model provides a topological structure, which comprises an input end, an output end, a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line, a fifth microstrip line, a first open circuit branch, a second open circuit branch, a third open circuit branch, a fourth open circuit branch and a fifth open circuit branch. One end of the fourth microstrip line is connected with one end of the first microstrip line, one end of the second microstrip line and one end of the fifth microstrip line, the other end of the first microstrip line is connected with the input end and one end of the first open-circuit branch, the other end of the second microstrip line is connected with the output end and one end of the third microstrip line, the other end of the third microstrip line is connected with one end of the second open-circuit branch, the other end of the fifth microstrip line is connected with one end of the fifth open-circuit branch, and the other end of the fourth microstrip line is connected with one end of the third open-circuit branch and one end of the fourth open-circuit branch. The topology structure is simple, and the method can be used for designing a low-pass filter; the flatness in the passband is guaranteed by the two transmission poles f op1、fep1 in the passband of the low-pass filter based on the topological structure, and the high selectivity, the high isolation and the wide stopband of the low-pass filter are guaranteed by the five transmission zeros f z1、fz2、fz3、fz4、fz5 in the stopband.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a topology of a low-pass filter according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a layout of an example low pass filter provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of S-parameter simulation results for an example of a low-pass filter provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an analysis process for designing a low-pass filter based on a topology according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a topology in odd mode according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure in an even mode according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
In order that the utility model may be readily understood, a more particular description thereof will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or one or more intervening elements may be present therebetween. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or one or more intervening elements may be present therebetween. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model belongs. The terminology used in the description of the utility model herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. The term "and/or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The present utility model provides a topology structure 100, referring to fig. 1, the topology structure 100 includes an input end 10, a first microstrip line 20, a second microstrip line 21, a third microstrip line 22, a fourth microstrip line 23, a fifth microstrip line 24, a first open branch 30, a second open branch 31, a third open branch 32, a fourth open branch 33, a fifth open branch 34, and an output end 40. One end of the fourth microstrip line 23 is connected with one end of the first microstrip line 20, one end of the second microstrip line 21 and one end of the fifth microstrip line 24, the other end of the first microstrip line 20 is connected with the input port 10 and one end of the first open-circuit branch 30, the other end of the second microstrip line 21 is connected with the output port 40 and one end of the third microstrip line 22, the other end of the third microstrip line 22 is connected with one end of the second open-circuit branch 31, and the other end of the fifth microstrip line 24 is connected with one end of the fifth open-circuit branch 34; the other end of the fourth microstrip line 23 is connected to one end of the third open stub 32 and one end of the fourth open stub 33.
In some embodiments, the first and second microstrip lines 20 and 21, the third and fourth open-circuit branches 32 and 33 are each symmetrically disposed about the fourth microstrip line 23. The first open branch 30, the first microstrip line 20, the second microstrip line 21, the third microstrip line 22, the third open branch 32, the fourth open branch 33, and the fifth open branch 34 are disposed in parallel and perpendicular to the fourth microstrip line 23, the fifth microstrip line 24, and the second open branch 31.
In some embodiments, the characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line 20, the characteristic impedance of the second microstrip line 21, the characteristic impedance of the third microstrip line 22, the characteristic impedance of the fifth microstrip line 24, the characteristic impedance of the first open branch 30, the characteristic impedance of the second open branch 31, and the characteristic impedance of the fifth open branch 34 are the same; the characteristic impedance of the third open stub 32 is the same as the characteristic impedance of the fourth open stub 33 and is twice the characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line 23. The electrical length of the first microstrip line 20, the electrical length of the second microstrip line 21, the electrical length of the fourth microstrip line 23, the electrical length of the third open stub 32 and the electrical length of the fourth open stub 33 are all the corresponding quarter wavelength at the stop band center frequency, the sum of the electrical length of the fifth microstrip line 24 and the electrical length of the fifth open stub 34 is the corresponding quarter wavelength at the stop band center frequency, and the electrical length of the first open stub 30 and the electrical length of the third microstrip line 22 are equal.
Wherein, the electric length calculation formula of the first open branch 30 is as follows
Where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the stop band center frequency, Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line 20, and Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line 23.
The electrical length calculation formula of the second open branch 31 is
Where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the stop band center frequency, Z 1 is the characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line 20, and Z 2 is the characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line 23.
For the convenience of the reader to understand the inventive concept, a simulation experiment is performed on the topology 100, referring to fig. 2, the topology 100 is disposed on a circuit board (not shown), and the circuit board (not shown) has a size of 26.0mm by 13.0mm, a thickness of 0.813mm, a dielectric constant of 3.38, and a dielectric loss of 0.0022. One set of optimized parameters ：l1H＝8.5mm,l1V＝3.5mm,l2＝9.75mm,l3H＝9.6mm,l3V＝1.15mm,l4＝9.75mm,l5＝9.75mm,w1＝w2＝w3＝0.1mm,w4＝2w5＝3.3mm. referring to fig. 3, the s-parameter simulation result shows that the passband range with the reflection coefficient smaller than-10 dB is 00.935GHz, the maximum insertion loss in the passband is 0.482dB, and the characteristics of low insertion loss are provided. Within the passband, there are two transmission poles, f op1 =0 GHz and f ep1 =0.657 GHz, respectively, which ensure flatness within the passband. The stop band range of which the isolation is more than 20dB is 1.9397.943GHz, and five transmission zeros exist in the stop band, and the five transmission zeros are fz1＝2.441GHz,fz4＝3.945GHz,fz2＝4.782GHz,fz5＝5.566GHz,fz3＝7.767GHz, respectively, so that the high isolation of the stop band is ensured. The attenuation rate of the passband side is 53dB/GHz, and the high selectivity is shown; the ratio of the maximum frequency of the stop band to the maximum frequency of the pass band is 8.3, and the wide stop band characteristic is shown.
In the embodiment of the present application, the topology 100 includes an input 10, a first microstrip line 20, a second microstrip line 21, a third microstrip line 22, a fourth microstrip line 23, a fifth microstrip line 24, a first open-circuit branch 30, a second open-circuit branch 31, a third open-circuit branch 32, a fourth open-circuit branch 33, a fifth open-circuit branch 34, and an output 40. One end of the fourth microstrip line 23 is connected with one end of the first microstrip line 20, one end of the second microstrip line 21 and one end of the fifth microstrip line 24, the other end of the first microstrip line 20 is connected with the input end 10 and one end of the first open-circuit branch 30, the other end of the second microstrip line 21 is connected with the output end 40 and one end of the third microstrip line 22, the other end of the third microstrip line 22 is connected with one end of the second open-circuit branch 31, and the other end of the fifth microstrip line 24 is connected with one end of the fifth open-circuit branch 34; the other end of the fourth microstrip line 23 is connected to one end of the third open stub 32 and one end of the fourth open stub 33. The topology 100 is simple in structure and can be used for low-pass filter design. The two transmission poles f op1、fep1 in the passband of the low-pass filter based on the topological structure 100 ensure the flatness in the passband, and the five transmission zeros f z1、fz2、fz3、fz4、fz5 in the stopband ensure the high selectivity, high isolation and wide stopband of the low-pass filter.
The present application also provides an embodiment of a low-pass filter, where the low-pass filter includes the above-mentioned topology structure 100, and the structure and function of the topology structure 100 can be referred to the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not be described in detail herein.
For the convenience of the reader, the following provides a concept of designing a higher performance low-pass filter based on the above topology 100, wherein, based on the above topology 100, in order to obtain a higher performance low-pass filter, a Z 1 value and a Z 2 value as large as possible and a Z 1 value as small as possible can be adopted, and the Z 1 value is related to parameters such as a dielectric constant, a height, an etching precision and the like of a circuit board, and the Z 2 value is related to parameters such as a dielectric constant, a height and a stop band center frequency and the like of the circuit board.
Referring to fig. 4, the analysis process for designing the low-pass filter based on the topology 100 includes:
Step 101: the topological structure 100 is equivalent to a symmetrical structure, and a parity-mode analysis method is adopted to obtain a transmission pole of the topological structure 100;
step 102: calculating a transmission zero of the topology 100;
Step 103: two transmission zeroes are introduced and analyzed to obtain the electrical lengths of the first open circuit branch and the second open circuit branch.
The step 101 specifically includes: when θ 1H =λ/4 and θ 1V =0, the topology 100 can be equivalent to a symmetrical structure whose transmission poles can be analyzed with parity-modes;
Referring to fig. 5, the odd mode of the symmetrical topology structure is that one end of the first microstrip line 20 and one end of the first open-circuit branch 30 are connected with the input end, the other end of the first microstrip line 20 is grounded, the first microstrip line 20 and the first open-circuit branch 30 are arranged in parallel, the characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line 20 and the first open-circuit branch 30 is Z 1, and the electrical length is a quarter wavelength corresponding to the stop band center frequency. When the input admittance Y ino is infinity, the topology 100 can be obtained to have two odd mode transmission poles, f op1＝0,fop2＝f0 respectively, where f 0 is the center frequency of the wide stop band;
Referring to fig. 6, the even mode form of the symmetrical topology includes a first microstrip line 20, a fourth microstrip line 23, a fifth microstrip line 24, a first open stub 30, a third open stub 32, and a fifth open stub 34. One end of the first microstrip line 20 is connected to one end of the fourth microstrip line 23 and one end of the fifth microstrip line, the other end of the first microstrip line is connected to the first open-circuit branch 30 and the input terminal 10, the other end of the fourth microstrip line 23 is connected to one end of the third open-circuit branch 32, and the other end of the fifth microstrip line 24 is connected to one end of the fifth open-circuit branch 34. The characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line 20 and the characteristic impedance of the first open-circuit branch are Z 1, the characteristic impedance of the fifth microstrip line 24 and the characteristic impedance of the fifth open-circuit branch 34 are 2Z 1, and the characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line 23 and the characteristic impedance of the third open-circuit branch 32 are 2Z 2; the electrical length of the first microstrip line 20, the electrical length of the fourth microstrip line 23, the electrical length of the first open stub 30, and the electrical length of the third open stub 32 are each a quarter wavelength corresponding to the stop band center frequency, and the sum of the electrical length of the fifth microstrip line 24 and the electrical length of the fifth open stub 34 is a quarter wavelength corresponding to the stop band center frequency. When the input admittance Y ine is infinite, the topology 100 can be obtained to have three even mode transmission poles, respectively
Step 102 specifically comprises: and sequentially multiplying the ABCD matrixes of the cascade resonators forming the topological structure 100 to obtain the corresponding ABCD matrix of the topological structure 100, and converting the ABCD matrix of the topological structure 100 into the corresponding S matrix. When |s 21 |=0, the topology 100 can be obtained to have three transmission zeros, respectivelyfz2＝f0，
Step 103 specifically comprises: the relative positions of the two odd mode transmission poles, the three even mode transmission poles and the three transmission zeroes are ,fop1<fep1<fz1<fep2<foep2＝fz2<fep3<fz3, relative positions which are not affected by the value of the parameter Z 1、Z2. To ensure that the filter designed based on this topology is a low pass filter, two transmission zeroes f z4 and f z5, and f z4＝fep2,fz5＝fep3, need to be introduced again. This is determined by the characteristics of the filter: when the transmission pole and the transmission zero coincide, the performance of the final filter will only show the transmission zero. It can be seen that the additional introduction of the two transmission zeros can make the low-pass filter have two transmission poles in the passband to ensure flatness in the passband, and five transmission zeros in the stopband to ensure high selectivity, high isolation and wide stopband of the low-pass filter. The transmission zero f z5 is introduced by the first open stub, and therefore the length of the first open stub 30 must be:
The transmission zero f z4 is introduced by the third microstrip line 22 and the second open stub 31, and therefore, the sum of the electrical lengths of the third microstrip line 22 and the second open stub 31 must be
The application also provides an embodiment of the communication device, the communication device comprises the low-pass filter, and the structure and the function of the low-pass filter can be referred to the above embodiment, and are not repeated here.
It should be noted that while the present utility model has been illustrated in the drawings and described in connection with the preferred embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the utility model may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but are to be construed as providing a full breadth of the disclosure. The above-described features are further combined with each other to form various embodiments not listed above, and are considered to be the scope of the present utility model described in the specification; further, modifications and variations of the present utility model may be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing teachings, and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of this utility model as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The topological structure is characterized by comprising an input end, an output end, a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line, a fourth microstrip line, a fifth microstrip line, a first open-circuit branch, a second open-circuit branch, a third open-circuit branch, a fourth open-circuit branch and a fifth open-circuit branch;
One end of the fourth microstrip line is connected with one end of the first microstrip line, one end of the second microstrip line and one end of the fifth microstrip line, the other end of the first microstrip line is connected with the input end and one end of the first open circuit branch, the other end of the second microstrip line is connected with the output end and one end of the third microstrip line, the other end of the third microstrip line is connected with one end of the second open circuit branch, the other end of the fifth microstrip line is connected with one end of the fifth open circuit branch, and the other end of the fourth microstrip line is connected with one end of the third open circuit branch and one end of the fourth open circuit branch.
2. The topology of claim 1, wherein,
The first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the third open-circuit branch and the fourth open-circuit branch are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fourth microstrip line.
3. The topology of claim 1, wherein,
The first open-circuit branch, the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the third open-circuit branch, the fourth open-circuit branch and the fifth open-circuit branch are arranged in parallel and are perpendicular to the fourth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line and the second open-circuit branch.
4. The topology of claim 1, wherein,
The characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the second microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the third microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the fifth microstrip line, the characteristic impedance of the first open circuit branch, the characteristic impedance of the second open circuit branch and the characteristic impedance of the fifth open circuit branch are the same;
The characteristic impedance of the third open branch is the same as the characteristic impedance of the fourth open branch and is twice the characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line.
5. The topology of claim 1, wherein,
The electric length of the first microstrip line, the electric length of the second microstrip line, the electric length of the fourth microstrip line, the electric length of the third open circuit branch and the electric length of the fourth open circuit branch are all the corresponding quarter wavelength at the stop band center frequency, the sum of the electric length of the fifth microstrip line and the electric length of the fifth open circuit branch is the corresponding quarter wavelength at the stop band center frequency, and the electric length of the first open circuit branch is equal to the electric length of the third microstrip line.
6. The topology of claim 1, wherein,
The electric length calculation formula of the first open circuit branch knot is as follows
Wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a stop band center frequency, Z 1 is a characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line, and Z 2 is a characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line;
the electrical length calculation formula of the second open circuit branch is as follows
Wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a stop band center frequency, Z 1 is a characteristic impedance of the first microstrip line, and Z 2 is a characteristic impedance of the fourth microstrip line.
7. A low pass filter comprising a topology as claimed in any one of claims 1-6.
8. A communication device comprising a low pass filter according to claim 7.
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