CN221327226U - Teaching experiment instrument for exploring imaging rule of convex lens on secondary optical axis - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a study convex lens imaging law's teaching experiment appearance on minor axis, includes base, light screen board, convex lens, light source, set up double track guide rail on the base, light screen board, convex lens, light source are respectively through slide and double track guide rail sliding fit, the slide includes light screen board slide, convex lens slide, light source slide, light screen board slide, convex lens slide, light source slide and double track guide rail sliding fit make light screen board slide, convex lens slide, light source slide can follow double track guide rail axial displacement, the upper end of light screen board slide, light source slide sets up the upper cross arm that extends double track guide rail left and right sides, the length that upper cross arm extends double track guide rail left and right sides is double track guide rail interval at least, the up end of upper cross arm is equipped with the direction spout that extends along cross arm length direction, light screen board, light source are respectively through mount pad and direction spout sliding fit, make light screen board, light source can follow upper cross arm shift position.

Description

Teaching experiment instrument for exploring imaging rule of convex lens on secondary optical axis

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of education, in particular to a teaching experiment instrument for exploring an imaging rule of a convex lens on a secondary optical axis.

Background

Optics is a branch of physics that aims at studying the phenomena of light propagation, how it is reflected and refracted by objects, etc. In the physical experiments of middle school, the imaging rule of the convex lens is usually guided by utilizing the imaging rule experiments of the convex lens, so that students can more intuitively understand the concepts of the main optical axis and the auxiliary optical axis.

The teaching equipment required by the convex lens imaging rule experiment mainly comprises an optical bench, a convex lens, a light source, a light screen plate and other parts. In the experiment, the light source and the light screen are respectively arranged at two sides of the convex lens, and the light source forms a clear image on the light screen by moving the distance between the light source or the light screen and the convex lens. For example, as shown in fig. 2, publication No. CN210324811U, which is a multi-dimensional mobile imaging experimental apparatus for a convex lens, the light screen plate, the convex lens and the light source can not only move back and forth on the guide rail between the bases through the corresponding sliding seat, but also move up and down through the height adjusting rod arranged on the sliding seat, even the light source and the convex lens can also move left and right in a small range, and the imaging condition of the convex lens on the main optical axis is demonstrated by adjusting the positions of the light source, the light screen plate and the convex lens, so that students can intuitively perceive the imaging condition of the convex lens on the main optical axis.

In a practical optical system, not only is light directed onto an object along the primary optical axis, but most light is directed onto the object along the secondary optical axis. Therefore, it is also necessary to study the secondary axis in the optical system. That is, the imaging law teaching experiment instrument of the convex lens should be used for demonstrating the imaging condition of the convex lens on the main optical axis and demonstrating the imaging condition of the convex lens on the auxiliary optical axis, so that students can be guided to intuitively understand the imaging law of the convex lens comprehensively.

The imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis is demonstrated, the light source is required to emit light to the convex lens at a position far away from the primary optical axis, and the light screen plate is moved to a corresponding position, so that an image formed by the light source through the convex lens is clearly displayed on the light screen plate, students can clearly and intuitively perceive the imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis, and the imaging principle of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis is fully understood.

However, in the teaching experiment instrument shown in fig. 2, the light source has a small left-right movement range, and can only move left and right between the two sliding rods of the guide rail, but the light screen plate can not move left and right to adjust the relative position of the light source and the light screen plate, so that the light source is difficult to clearly project onto the light screen plate through the imaging of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis, and students can not intuitively sense the imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis at all.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at overcoming the defects corresponding to the prior art, and provides a teaching experiment instrument for exploring the imaging rule of a convex lens on a secondary optical axis, wherein upper cross arms extending out of the left side and the right side of a double-rail guide rail are arranged at the upper ends of a light screen sliding seat and a light source sliding seat, the lengths of the left side and the right side of the upper cross arms extending out of the double-rail guide rail are at least twice the distance between the double-rail guide rail, so that a light screen plate and a light source are respectively in sliding fit with a guide chute extending along the length direction of the cross arms through a mounting seat, the light screen plate and the light source can move along the upper cross arms to demonstrate the imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis, students can clearly and intuitively sense the imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis, and the understanding of the imaging rule of the convex lens by the students is more thorough and comprehensive.

The utility model is realized by adopting the following scheme: the utility model provides a study convex lens imaging law's teaching experiment appearance on minor axis, includes base, light screen board, convex lens, light source, set up double track guide rail on the base, light screen board, convex lens, light source are respectively through slide and double track guide rail sliding fit, the slide includes light screen board slide, convex lens slide, light source slide, light screen board slide, convex lens slide, light source slide and double track guide rail sliding fit make light screen board slide, convex lens slide, light source slide can follow double track guide rail axial displacement, the upper end of light screen board slide, light source slide sets up the upper cross arm that extends double track guide rail left and right sides, the length that upper cross arm extends double track guide rail left and right sides is double track guide rail interval at least, the up end of upper cross arm is equipped with the direction spout that extends along cross arm length direction, light screen board, light source are respectively through mount pad and direction spout sliding fit, make light screen board, light source can follow upper cross arm shift position.

Preferably, the light screen plate sliding seat and the light source sliding seat are both in an I-shaped structure.

Preferably, the lower ends of the light screen board sliding seat and the light source sliding seat are respectively provided with a lower cross arm in sliding fit with the double-rail guide rail, and a lifting rod is arranged between the lower cross arm and the upper cross arm and used for adjusting the upper and lower heights of the light screen board or the light source.

Preferably, the double-track guide rail comprises a first slide bar and a second slide bar, and two ends of the lower cross arm are respectively in sliding fit with the first slide bar and the second slide bar.

Preferably, the side of the upper cross arm is provided with a scale groove along the length direction of the cross arm, the scale groove is provided with scale marks, and the influence change of the distance of the left-right movement of the light screen plate and the light source on imaging is observed through the scale marks.

Preferably, the base includes first base, second base, is equipped with the scale between two bases, the both ends of scale are connected with first base, second base respectively, make scale and double track guide rail parallel, observe the change of distance removal pair imaging between light source, convex lens and the light screen board through the scale.

Preferably, the light screen plate is provided with a transverse scale mark and a longitudinal scale mark, and the transverse scale mark and the longitudinal scale mark observe the movement rule of the imaging on the light screen plate.

Preferably, the light source is an F-type light source, or an arrow-type light source.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

The upper ends of the light screen board sliding seat and the light source sliding seat are provided with upper cross arms extending out of the left side and the right side of the double-track guide rail, the lengths of the left side and the right side of the upper cross arms extending out of the double-track guide rail are at least twice the distance between the double-track guide rail, the upper end faces of the upper cross arms are provided with guide sliding grooves extending along the length direction of the cross arms, and the light screen board and the light source are respectively in sliding fit with the guide sliding grooves through mounting seats, so that the light screen board and the light source can move along the upper cross arms.

When the imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis is demonstrated, only the relative positions of the light screen plate and the light source on the upper cross arm are required to be adjusted, so that students can clearly see the light source imaging on the light screen plate, the imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis is intuitively perceived, and the understanding of the imaging principle of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis by the students is facilitated.

Preferably, the light screen board sliding seat and the light source sliding seat are both in an I-shaped structure, lower ends of the light screen board sliding seat and the light source sliding seat are respectively provided with a lower cross arm in sliding fit with the double-rail guide rail, and a lifting rod is arranged between the lower cross arm and the upper cross arm and used for adjusting the upper and lower heights of the light screen board or the light source so as to ensure that the light screen board, the light source and the convex lens are positioned at the same horizontal height. In practice, the convex lens can be mounted on the convex lens slide seat through a lifting rod, so that the convex lens can be adjusted in height.

Preferably, the double-track guide rail comprises a first slide bar and a second slide bar, two ends of the lower cross arm are respectively in sliding fit with the first slide bar and the second slide bar, and the lower cross arm is parallel to the upper cross arm, so that the light screen plate and the light source can be kept horizontal.

Preferably, the side of the upper cross arm is provided with a scale groove along the length direction of the cross arm, scale marks are arranged on the scale groove, the influence change of the distance of the light screen plate and the light source moving left and right on imaging is observed through the scale marks, and the perception degree of students on imaging is enhanced.

Preferably, the base includes first base, second base, is equipped with the scale between two bases, the both ends of scale are connected with first base, second base respectively, make scale and double track guide rail parallel, observe the change of light source, convex lens and light screen board between the distance removal to the formation of image through the scale, strengthen student's perception degree to the formation of image.

Preferably, the light screen plate is provided with a transverse scale mark and a longitudinal scale mark, the transverse scale mark and the longitudinal scale mark observe the movement rule of the imaging on the light screen plate, and the perception degree of the imaging by students is enhanced.

Preferably, the light source is an F-type light source, or an arrow-type light source. The imaging shape of the F-shaped light source is an 'F' -shaped, and the imaging shape of the arrow-shaped light source is an 'to' shape, so that students can clearly distinguish the imaging from the shape of the light source, and the perception degree of the students on the imaging is enhanced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a teaching experiment instrument for demonstrating an imaging rule of a convex lens in the prior art.

Description of the embodiments

As shown in fig. 1, a teaching experiment instrument for exploring the imaging rule of a convex lens on a secondary optical axis comprises a base 5, a light screen board 1, a convex lens 2 and a light source 3, wherein a double-rail guide rail 4 is arranged on the base 5, the light screen board 1, the convex lens 2 and the light source 3 are respectively in sliding fit with the double-rail guide rail 4 through sliding seats, the sliding seats comprise a light screen board sliding seat 6, a convex lens sliding seat 7 and a light source sliding seat 8, the light screen board sliding seat 6, the convex lens sliding seat 7 and the light source sliding seat 8 are in sliding fit with the double-rail guide rail 4, the light screen board sliding seat 6, the convex lens sliding seat 7 and the light source sliding seat 8 can axially move along the double-rail guide rail 4, an upper cross arm 9 extending out of the left side and the right side of the double-rail guide rail 4 is arranged at least twice the length of each side of the double-rail guide rail 4, the upper cross arm 9 is provided with a screen guide chute 10 extending along the length direction of the cross arm, and the light screen board 1 and the light source 3 can respectively slide along the guide chute 10 by a mounting seat 11 and the light screen board 1 and the light source 3.

In this embodiment, the light screen board sliding seat 6 and the light source sliding seat 8 are both in an i-shaped structure, lower cross arms 14 which are in sliding fit with the double-rail guide rail 4 are respectively arranged at the lower ends of the light screen board sliding seat 6 and the light source sliding seat 8, the double-rail guide rail 4 comprises a first slide bar and a second slide bar, and two ends of the lower cross arms 14 are respectively in sliding fit with the first slide bar and the second slide bar. A lifting rod 13 is arranged between the lower cross arm 14 and the upper cross arm 9 and is used for adjusting the upper and lower heights of the light screen board 1 or the light source 3. The convex lens 2 is also mounted on the convex lens slide 7 by a lifting rod 13, so that the convex lens 2 can be adjusted in height.

The side of the upper cross arm 9 is provided with a scale groove along the length direction of the cross arm, the scale groove is provided with scale marks, and the influence change of the left-right movement distance of the light screen plate 1 and the light source 3 on imaging is observed through the scale marks. The base 5 comprises a first base and a second base, a scale 15 is arranged between the two bases, two ends of the scale 15 are respectively connected with the first base and the second base, the scale 15 is parallel to the double-track guide rail 4, and the change of imaging is observed through the scale 15 when the distance between the light source 3, the convex lens 2 and the light screen plate 1 is moved. The light screen plate 1 is provided with transverse graduation lines and longitudinal graduation lines, and the transverse graduation lines and the longitudinal graduation lines observe the movement rule of the imaging on the light screen plate 1. The light source 3 is an F-shaped light source, and the F-shaped light source emits light by using a light emitting diode. Of course, the light source 3 may also be an arrow-shaped light source, which belongs to a laser light source and has better imaging effect.

In the convex lens, a straight line passing through the spherical centers of the two spherical surfaces of the convex lens is called a main optical axis, a straight line in which the light passing center (convex lens center) and the main optical axis do not coincide is a sub optical axis, and some sub optical axes are in the same horizontal plane as the main optical axis, and can be called a sub optical axis in the horizontal direction of the main optical axis, and some sub optical axes are in the same vertical plane as the main optical axis, and can be called a sub optical axis in the vertical direction of the main optical axis.

The light source 3 is turned on to demonstrate the imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis in the following manner:

① A convex lens with a focal length of 20cm was used as example 1, and students were demonstrated with imaging conditions of the convex lens 2 on a secondary optical axis in the horizontal direction of the primary optical axis:

The first step: fixing the convex lens 2 at a position with the scale 15 of 50cm, keeping the position of the convex lens 2 unchanged, firstly adjusting the relative heights of the light screen plate 1 and the light source 3 in the vertical direction to ensure that the light screen plate 1, the convex lens 2 and the light source 3 are at the same height in the vertical direction, and then adjusting the horizontal positions of the light screen plate 1, the convex lens 2 and the light source 3 to ensure that the light screen plate 1 and the light source 3 are on the main optical axis of the convex lens 2;

At this time, the light source slide seat 8 is axially moved by 10cm along the double-rail guide rail 4, namely, the light source 3 is axially moved by 10cm along the double-rail guide rail 4, so that the image distance v is smaller than the object distance u, and the imaging of the light source 3 on the light screen plate 1 through the secondary optical axis of the convex lens 2 can be seen as an inverted reduced real image;

And a second step of: the light source 3 is moved to one end of a cross arm 9 on the light source sliding seat 8 so as to greatly change the horizontal position of the light source 3;

And a third step of: the horizontal position of the light screen plate 1 is adjusted, the object distance u on the secondary optical axis is larger than the image distance v, and the image distance v is between the focal length f of the secondary optical axis and the double focal length 2f, so that the imaging of the light source 3 is clearly projected on the light screen plate 1.

In order to fully demonstrate the imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis in the horizontal direction of the primary optical axis, the position of the convex lens 2 can be kept unchanged, the position of the light source 3 on the cross arm 9 on the light source slide 8 is unchanged, the light source slide 8 is axially moved along the double-rail guide rail 4, the light source 3 is far away (or close to) the convex lens 2 along the double-rail guide rail 4, meanwhile, the light screen slide 6 is axially moved along the double-rail guide rail 4, the light screen plate 1 is close (or far away) to the convex lens 2 along the direction of the double-rail guide rail 4, and the position of the light screen plate 1 on the cross arm 9 on the light screen plate slide 6 is properly adjusted, so that students can clearly see an inverted reduced real image (object distance u), an inverted equal-sized real image (object distance u=image distance v), an inverted amplified real image (object distance u < image distance v), an upright amplified real image (object distance u < focal length f), and an equal-sized real image (image distance u=2f=40 cm), which are consistent with the imaging rule of the convex lens on the primary optical axis.

The experiment is repeated by adopting convex lenses with different focal lengths such as 10cm and 5cm, and the imaging condition of the convex lenses on the secondary optical axis in the horizontal direction of the main optical axis still accords with the imaging rule of the convex lenses on the main optical axis.

② Example 2 was performed using a convex lens with a focal length of 10cm, and imaging conditions of the convex lens on a secondary optical axis in a direction perpendicular to a primary optical axis were demonstrated for students:

The first step: fixing the convex lens 2 at a place with the scale 15 of 40cm, keeping the position of the convex lens 2 unchanged, firstly adjusting the relative heights of the light screen plate 1 and the light source 3 in the vertical direction to ensure that the light screen plate 1, the convex lens 2 and the light source 3 are at the same height in the vertical direction, and then adjusting the horizontal positions of the light screen plate 1, the convex lens 2 and the light source 3 to ensure that the light screen plate 1 and the light source 3 are on the main optical axis of the convex lens 2;

At this time, the light source slide 8 and the light screen slide 6 are axially moved along the double-rail guide rail 4, so that the image distance v is smaller than the object distance u, and the light source 3 can be seen to form an inverted reduced real image on the light screen 1 through the secondary optical axis of the convex lens 2;

And a second step of: the position of the convex lens 2 is kept unchanged, the relative heights of the light screen board 1 and the light source 3 in the vertical direction are adjusted, the relative heights of the light screen board 1, the convex lens 2 and the light source 3 are sequentially decreased, the height of the light screen board 1 is larger than the height of the convex lens 2 and larger than the height of the light source 3, the positions of the light source 3 and the light screen board 1 in the vertical direction are finely adjusted, and the imaging of the arrow-shaped light source is clearly projected on the light screen board 1;

And a third step of: changing the position of the light source 3 on the cross arm 9 on the light source sliding seat 8, so that the light source 3 emits light to the convex lens 2 on a secondary optical axis positioned in the vertical direction of the convex lens 2;

Fourth step: the position of the light screen plate 1 on the cross arm 9 on the light screen plate sliding seat 6 is correspondingly adjusted, so that the imaging of the light source 3 is clearly projected on the light screen plate 1.

In order to fully demonstrate the imaging condition of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis in the vertical direction of the primary optical axis, the position of the convex lens 2 can be kept unchanged, the position of the light source 3 on the cross arm 9 on the light source slide 8 is unchanged, the light source slide 8 is axially moved along the double-rail guide rail 4, the light source 3 is far away (or close to) the convex lens 2 along the direction of the double-rail guide rail 4, meanwhile, the light screen slide 6 is axially moved along the double-rail guide rail 4, the light screen 1 is close (or far away) to the convex lens 2 along the direction of the double-rail guide rail 4, and the position of the light screen 1 on the cross arm 9 on the light screen slide 6 is properly adjusted, so that students can clearly see an inverted reduced real image (object distance u), an inverted equal-sized real image (object distance u=image distance v), an inverted amplified real image (object distance u < image distance v), an upright amplified real image (object distance u < focal length f), and an equal-sized real image (image distance u=2f=20 cm), which are consistent with the imaging rule of the convex lens on the primary optical axis.

The experiment is repeated by adopting convex lenses with different focal lengths such as 20cm and 5cm, and the imaging condition of the convex lenses on the secondary optical axis in the vertical direction of the main optical axis can be found to be in accordance with the imaging rule of the convex lenses on the main optical axis.

Through the two embodiments, the imaging situation of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis is clearly demonstrated, so that students can directly observe the imaging of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis, the imaging principle of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis is fully understood, and the students can understand that the imaging situation of the convex lens on any secondary optical axis complies with the imaging rule of the convex lens on the primary optical axis, that is, the focal length of the convex lens approaches to the same fixed value on the unique primary optical axis and a plurality of secondary optical axes. In summary, the main optical axis and the auxiliary optical axis are the important concepts in optics, so that students can fully understand and distinguish the two concepts of the main optical axis and the auxiliary optical axis and imaging rules thereof, and the utility model has extremely important significance for the students to understand the optical principles.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modifications made to the utility model fall within the scope of the utility model without departing from the spirit of the utility model.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a study experiment appearance of convex lens formation of image law on minor axis, includes base (5), light screen board (1), convex lens (2), light source (3), set up double track guide rail (4) on base (5), light screen board (1), convex lens (2), light source (3) are through slide and double track guide rail (4) sliding fit respectively, its characterized in that, the slide includes light screen board slide (6), convex lens slide (7), light source slide (8), light screen board slide (6), convex lens slide (7), light source slide (8) and double track guide rail (4) sliding fit, make light screen board slide (6), convex lens slide (7), light source slide (8) can follow double track guide rail (4) axial displacement, the upper end of light screen board slide (6), light source slide (8) sets up upper cross arm (9) that extend double track guide rail (4) left and right sides, upper cross arm (9) extend double track guide rail (4) left and right sides length is at least twice of double track guide rail (4), upper cross arm (9) are equipped with the length of upper cross arm (10) and are equipped with light source (10) along the guide rail (4) sliding fit each side of light source (1), the light screen plate (1) and the light source (3) can move along the upper cross arm (9).

2. The teaching experiment instrument for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis according to claim 1, wherein the light screen plate sliding seat (6) and the light source sliding seat (8) are both in I-shaped structures.

3. The teaching experiment instrument for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower ends of the light screen board sliding seat (6) and the light source sliding seat (8) are respectively provided with a lower cross arm (14) which is in sliding fit with the double-track guide rail (4), and a lifting rod (13) is arranged between the lower cross arm (14) and the upper cross arm (9) and is used for adjusting the height of the light screen board (1) or the light source (3).

4. A teaching experiment instrument for exploring an imaging rule of a convex lens on a secondary optical axis according to claim 3, wherein the double-track guide rail (4) comprises a first slide bar and a second slide bar, and two ends of the lower cross arm (14) are respectively in sliding fit with the first slide bar and the second slide bar.

5. The teaching experiment instrument for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens on the auxiliary optical axis according to claim 1 is characterized in that a scale groove is formed in the side face of the upper cross arm (9) along the length direction of the cross arm, scale marks are arranged on the scale groove, and the influence change of the left-right movement distance of the light screen plate (1) and the light source (3) on imaging is observed through the scale marks.

6. The teaching experiment instrument for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens on the auxiliary optical axis according to claim 1, wherein the base (5) comprises a first base and a second base, a scale (15) is arranged between the two bases, two ends of the scale (15) are respectively connected with the first base and the second base, the scale (15) is parallel to the double-track guide rail (4), and the change of imaging is observed through the distance movement between the light source (3), the convex lens (2) and the light screen plate (1) through the scale (15).

7. The teaching experiment instrument for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis according to claim 1 is characterized in that transverse graduation lines and longitudinal graduation lines are arranged on the light screen plate (1), and the transverse graduation lines and the longitudinal graduation lines observe the movement rule of imaging on the light screen plate (1).

8. The teaching experiment instrument for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens on the secondary optical axis according to claim 1, wherein the light source (3) is an F-shaped light source or an arrow-shaped light source.