CN221296552U - Biological denitrification process device - Google Patents
Biological denitrification process device Download PDFInfo
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- CN221296552U CN221296552U CN202323126474.4U CN202323126474U CN221296552U CN 221296552 U CN221296552 U CN 221296552U CN 202323126474 U CN202323126474 U CN 202323126474U CN 221296552 U CN221296552 U CN 221296552U
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 claims 7
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241001453382 Nitrosomonadales Species 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The utility model provides a biological denitrification process device which comprises a secondary sedimentation tank, an aerobic tank and an anoxic tank, wherein a dephosphorization chemical adding reaction tank is arranged between the water outlet end of the aerobic tank and the secondary sedimentation tank, the water inlet end of the aerobic tank is adjacent to the water outlet end of the anoxic tank, and the water outlet end of the other side of the aerobic tank is adjacent to the water inlet end of the anoxic tank. The utility model has the following beneficial effects: the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank of the process device are furthest separated, are relatively independent, grow and reproduce active sludge microorganisms with unique types and abundances which are suitable for specific environments (stable dissolved oxygen concentration and nutrient substrate concentration), are beneficial to the stability of a system, have high biochemical treatment efficiency, can realize high-efficiency operation of nitrification and denitrification and stable operation of short-range nitrification and anaerobic ammoxidation, have good denitrification effect, and the active sludge microorganisms of the anaerobic tank prey organic matters in sewage before the active sludge microorganisms of the aerobic tank, and do not need additional carbon sources for denitrification operation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a biological denitrification process device, belonging to the field of industrial sewage and domestic sewage treatment.
Background
The national requirements for the emission standard of industrial sewage and domestic sewage are increasingly strict, and especially the requirements for the total nitrogen concentration of effluent in recent years are met. The traditional biological denitrification technology realizes the removal of nitrogen through nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria, and a sufficient carbon source is the key of denitrification. When the carbon nitrogen ratio is low, the requirement of denitrification on the carbon source cannot be met, and a large amount of carbon source is needed to meet the requirement, so that the total nitrogen in the effluent can reach the national emission standard.
The traditional A/O activated sludge biological denitrification process or other traditional biological denitrification processes have the advantages that activated sludge microorganisms in a biochemical pond circularly flow in various structures (such as an anoxic pond and an aerobic pond), the microorganisms need to be continuously adapted to new environments (such as different nutrition substrate concentrations and different dissolved oxygen concentrations), the normal growth and the propagation of the microorganisms are affected, the biochemical treatment efficiency is low, and the denitrification effect is general.
The short-cut nitrification and denitrification process is to oxidize ammonia nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen and then reduce the nitrite nitrogen, so that the short-cut nitrification and denitrification process reduces carbon sources required in the process of reducing the nitrate nitrogen into the nitrite nitrogen, can save 40% of carbon sources, can save 25% of aeration quantity, and can also reduce 20% of carbon dioxide emission quantity; the nitrite denitrification rate is 1.5 times to 2 times that of the nitrate denitrification rate; the sludge yield in the nitrification process is reduced by 33% -35%, and the sludge quantity in the denitrification process is reduced by 55%.
The anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria can convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen by taking nitrite as an electron acceptor under the anoxic condition, compared with the traditional nitrification and denitrification biological denitrification process, the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria can theoretically save 62.5 percent of aeration, does not need a carbon source, and has less residual sludge.
The contact oxidation method is a sewage biochemical treatment method with the characteristics of an activated sludge method and a biomembrane method, and is characterized in that activated sludge is attached to the surface of a filler, does not flow along with water, has short treatment time and good purification effect, does not need to flow back, does not expand, and has small residual sludge quantity.
The moving bed biomembrane reactor is also a sewage treatment method with the characteristics of an activated sludge method and a biomembrane method, and is characterized in that activated sludge is attached to the surface of a filler, flows along with water, has short treatment time and good purification effect, does not need to flow back and expand, has small residual sludge amount, and can be designed into an A/O biological denitrification process like the activated sludge method to realize the function of removing nitrogen.
How to realize the efficient operation of sewage nitrification and denitrification and the stable operation of short-cut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation is a currently recognized problem.
The invention is based on the research background, and aims to realize the high-efficiency operation of nitrification and denitrification and the stable operation of shortcut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation at the same time, improve the denitrification efficiency and the total nitrogen volume load, and enhance the system stability. The process device fills the blank, and is not only suitable for treating general industrial sewage and domestic sewage, but also suitable for treating low-carbon-nitrogen-ratio industrial sewage.
Disclosure of utility model
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a biological denitrification process device. In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme that the biological denitrification process device comprises a secondary sedimentation tank, an aerobic tank and an anoxic tank, wherein the secondary sedimentation tank is embedded in the anoxic tank, the aerobic tank is positioned at one side of the anoxic tank, the water inlet end of the aerobic tank is adjacent to the water outlet end of the anoxic tank, the water outlet end of the other side of the aerobic tank is adjacent to the water inlet end of the anoxic tank, a dephosphorization and chemical adding reaction tank is arranged between the water outlet end of the aerobic tank and the secondary sedimentation tank, a suspended biological filler, a mechanical stirring device and a suspended biological filler interception device matched with the suspended biological filler are arranged in the anoxic tank, a plug-hanging biological filler and an aerator are arranged in the aerobic tank, an internal reflux communicated with the anoxic tank is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic tank, and a residual sludge discharge pipe is arranged in the secondary sedimentation tank.
Further, the ratio of the pool volume of the anoxic pool to the pool volume of the aerobic pool is 1:3-2:1, and the anoxic pool is of a square structure.
Further, the aerobic tank is of a sectional and long corridor structure and is divided into 2-10 grids of tanks, water passing holes are formed between every two adjacent grids of tanks, water level balancing holes are formed in the bottom of each tank, and each tank is water inlet from top to bottom or water outlet from bottom to top.
Further, the internal reflux is a stripping reflux; the internal reflux ratio is 200% -1000%.
Further, the secondary sedimentation tank is of a circular radial flow structure, the secondary sedimentation tank is embedded in the anoxic tank, and the suspended biological filler interception device is positioned at the water outlet end of the anoxic tank.
The utility model has the advantages that,
The anoxic tank and the aerobic tank of the process device are furthest separated, are relatively independent, grow and reproduce active sludge microorganisms which are suitable for unique types and abundances of specific environments (stable dissolved oxygen concentration and nutrient substrate concentration), are beneficial to the stability of a system, have high biochemical treatment efficiency, can realize the high-efficiency operation of nitrification and denitrification and the stable operation of short-range nitrification and anaerobic ammoxidation, have good denitrification effect, and the active sludge microorganisms of the anoxic tank prey organic matters in sewage before the active sludge microorganisms of the aerobic tank, and do not need to additionally add a carbon source during the denitrification operation;
the process device has the double denitrification functions of nitrification and denitrification and shortcut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and has higher efficiency than the traditional A/O biological denitrification process and stable operation than the shortcut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation process;
The anoxic tank is internally provided with mechanical stirring, the bottom aeration stirring of the short-cut nitrification ammonia oxidation process with lower dissolved oxygen is milder, and the suspended biological filler is arranged, so that the growth and the propagation of activated sludge microorganisms are facilitated;
The aerobic tank is in a long corridor type and is divided into 2-10 grids, and the tethered biological filler is arranged, so that the growth and the propagation of activated sludge microorganisms are facilitated, the concentration of nutrient substrates at the front, middle and rear sections of the aerobic tank is changed from high to low, the activated sludge microorganisms of different types and abundances can be grown and propagated, the treatment effect of organic pollutants is good, and the quality of effluent water is good;
The anoxic tank and the aerobic tank are both provided with biological fillers, so that sludge expansion does not occur, the secondary sedimentation tank does not need to be provided with sludge reflux, the energy consumption is saved, and the management is convenient;
The circular radial flow secondary sedimentation tank is sleeved in the anoxic tank, and the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank are adjacently constructed, so that the integrated design can be realized, the occupied area is saved, and the pipelines are saved;
Balance holes are formed in different divisions of the aerobic tank, the common wall among the different divisions does not bear water pressure, the thickness of the tank wall and the reinforcement amount can be reduced, and the civil engineering cost is saved;
The tail end of the aerobic tank is provided with an air stripping reflux, so that the energy is saved and the efficiency is high;
The process device has high specific internal reflux ratio, high nitrification and denitrification efficiency, strong load impact resistance of the system due to the dilution effect of the reflux sewage, and stable process operation;
A dephosphorization and chemical-adding reaction tank is arranged between the effluent of the aerobic tank and the secondary sedimentation tank, so that chemical dephosphorization can be realized, and compared with the traditional A/O biological denitrification process or short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, the chemical-adding dephosphorization sedimentation tank is not required to be additionally constructed;
The anoxic tank and the aerobic tank are both provided with biological filler, and the anoxic tank has the functions of short-cut nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation, so that the tank capacity can be saved, the occupied area can be reduced, the aeration rate can be saved, and the residual sludge production can be reduced;
The process device does not need sludge reflux, has no strict control requirement on dissolved oxygen, and is convenient to operate and manage.
The process is provided with an automatic control component, and the automation degree is high.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present utility model will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the following drawings,
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process flow structure of a biological denitrification process device according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan layout of a biological denitrification process apparatus according to the present utility model.
01, Biochemical effluent; 02. a secondary sedimentation tank; 03. a dephosphorization and dosing reaction tank; 04. an aerobic tank; 05. a tethered biological filler; 06. a suspended biological filler interception device; 07. a mechanical stirring device; 08. an anoxic tank; 09. suspending biological filler; 10. biochemical water inflow; 11. internal reflux; 12. an aerator; 13. a surplus sludge discharge pipe; 14. the sewage flow direction.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the utility model easy to understand.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the utility model provides a biological denitrification process device, which comprises a secondary sedimentation tank 02, an aerobic tank 04 and an anoxic tank 08, wherein the secondary sedimentation tank 02 is embedded in the anoxic tank 08, the aerobic tank 04 is positioned at one side of the anoxic tank 08, the water inlet end of the aerobic tank 04 is adjacent to the water outlet end of the anoxic tank 08, the water outlet end of the other side of the aerobic tank 04 is adjacent to the water inlet end of the anoxic tank 08, a dephosphorization chemical feeding reaction tank 03 is arranged between the water outlet end of the aerobic tank 04 and the secondary sedimentation tank 02, a dephosphorization chemical feeding reaction tank 03 is arranged between the water outlet of the aerobic tank 04 and the secondary sedimentation tank 02, chemical dephosphorization can be realized, compared with the traditional a/O biological denitrification process or nitrifying anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, no additional chemical feeding dephosphorization sedimentation tank is required, the anaerobic tank 08 is internally provided with a suspended biological filler 09, a mechanical stirring device 07 and a suspended biological filler interception device 06 matched with the suspended biological filler 09, the suspended biological filler 09 is intercepted in the anaerobic tank 08 by the suspended biological filler interception device 06, the mechanical stirring device 07 pushes sewage to form annular flow in the anaerobic tank 08, the aerobic tank 04 is internally provided with a bolt-hanging biological filler 05 and an aerator 12, the anaerobic tank 08 is provided with a small amount of the aerator for oxygenation, so as to facilitate the accurate control of dissolved oxygen, the inner bottom of the aerobic tank 04 is provided with an inner reflux 11 communicated with the anaerobic tank 08, the inner reflux 11 returns the sewage at the tail end of the aerobic tank 04 to the anaerobic tank 08, the secondary sedimentation tank 02 is internally provided with a residual sludge discharge pipe 13, the part of the residual sludge discharge pipe 13 at the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank 02 is returned to the dephosphorization and chemical-adding reaction tank 03 to save dephosphorization medicament;
The process device is provided with an automatic control assembly, and the automatic control assembly comprises an online detector assembly, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), an equipment linkage controller, an intelligent mobile terminal and the like.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the ratio of the tank capacity of the anoxic tank 08 to that of the aerobic tank 04 is 1:3-2:1, the anoxic tank 08 is in a square structure, the aerobic tank 04 is in a sectional and long corridor structure and is divided into 2-10 grids of water tanks, water passing holes are arranged between two adjacent grids of water tanks, water level balancing holes are arranged at the bottom of each grid of water tank, and each grid of water tank is water inlet from top to bottom or water inlet from bottom to top; the aerobic tank 04 is of a long corridor type and is divided into 2-10 grids, the tethered biological filler 05 is arranged, growth and reproduction of activated sludge microorganisms are facilitated, the concentration of nutrient substrates at the front, middle and rear sections of the aerobic tank 04 is changed from high to low, the activated sludge microorganisms of different types and abundance can be grown and reproduced, the organic pollutant treatment effect is good, and the effluent quality is good.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the internal reflux 11 is a gas stripping reflux, the reflux ratio of the internal reflux 11 is 200% -1000%, the secondary sedimentation tank 02 is of a circular radial flow structure, and the suspended biological filler interception device 06 is positioned at the water outlet end of the anoxic tank 08; the circular radial flow secondary sedimentation tank 02 is sleeved in the anoxic tank 08, and the anoxic tank 08 and the aerobic tank 04 are adjacently constructed, so that the integrated design can be realized, the occupied area is saved, and the pipelines are saved.
When in use, the process device is divided into an anoxic tank 08 and an aerobic tank 04, but is completely different from the traditional biological denitrification process by an A/O activated sludge method;
The anoxic tank and the aerobic tank of the traditional A/O activated sludge biological denitrification process are a unified and indispensible whole, activated sludge microorganisms circularly flow in the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank and are repeatedly started, activated sludge in the anoxic tank and activated sludge in the aerobic tank are not different, and the activated sludge aerobic microorganisms and the facultative microorganisms are required to be continuously adapted to new environments (low dissolved oxygen concentration, high alternation, high nutrient substrate concentration and low alternation) so as to influence the normal growth and reproduction of microorganisms, the biochemical treatment efficiency is low, and the denitrification effect is general;
The process device divides the anoxic tank 08 and the aerobic tank 04 to the greatest extent and is relatively independent of each other, the microorganism of the activated sludge in the anoxic tank 08 adheres to the suspended biological filler 06 to grow, and does not drift to the aerobic tank 04, the activated sludge in the aerobic tank adheres to the tethered biological filler 05 to grow, and does not drift to the anoxic tank 08, and the activated sludge in each section does not drift to other sections of aerobic tanks; their living environment (dissolved oxygen concentration, nutrient substrate concentration) remains stable and unchanged; the anoxic tank 08 has low dissolved oxygen concentration and high nutrient substrate concentration, and can culture denitrification dominant strains, the anoxic tank 08 is positioned at the front end of the process, the denitrification strains preferentially acquire organic nutrient substrates, and the biological denitrification does not need to additionally add a carbon source; the oxygen-deficient pool 08 has low dissolved oxygen concentration, creates favorable conditions for the growth and propagation of short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria, and can stably operate by short-cut nitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation; the aerobic tank 04 has high dissolved oxygen concentration and low nutrient substrate concentration, and can culture COD organic matter degrading strain and nitrifying dominant strain, so that the biochemical treatment efficiency is high, and the nitrifying and denitrifying efficiency is high; the aerobic tank 04 is provided with the tethered suspension filler 05, so that a large number of filamentous bacteria, protozoa and metazoan can be cultured, the biochemical treatment efficiency is high, the effluent quality is good, the excess sludge reduction is facilitated, and the sludge expansion is avoided.
Although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is described in terms of a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and one skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described in the disclosure as a whole may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a biological denitrification process unit, its characterized in that includes two sedimentation tank (02), good oxygen pond (04) and oxygen deficiency pond (08), two sedimentation tank (02) are embedded in oxygen deficiency pond (08), good oxygen pond (04) are located oxygen deficiency pond (08) one side, good oxygen pond (04) intake end with oxygen deficiency pond (08) play water end is adjacent, good oxygen pond (04) opposite side play water end with oxygen deficiency pond (08) intake end is adjacent, good oxygen pond (04) go out water end with be equipped with dephosphorization between two sedimentation tank (02) and add medicine reaction tank (03), be equipped with suspension biofilm carrier (09), mechanical stirring device (07) and with suspension biofilm carrier device (06) that cooperate in oxygen deficiency pond (08), be equipped with in good oxygen pond (04) and tie hanging biofilm carrier (05), aerator (12), good oxygen pond (04) bottom be equipped with oxygen deficiency pond (08) are intake end is adjacent, be equipped with between the play water end of good oxygen pond (04) and two sedimentation tank (02) are equipped with in the mud (13) of remaining sedimentation pipe that is discharged.
2. The biological denitrification process device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the tank volume of the anoxic tank (08) to the tank volume of the aerobic tank (04) is 1:3-2:1, and the anoxic tank (08) is of a square structure.
3. The biological denitrification process device according to claim 2, wherein the aerobic tank (04) is of a sectional and long corridor structure and is divided into 2-10 grids of water tanks, water passing holes are arranged between two adjacent grids of water tanks, water level balancing holes are arranged at the bottom of each grid of water tank, and each grid of water tank is water inlet from top to bottom or water outlet from bottom.
4. A biological denitrification process according to claim 3, wherein the internal reflux (11) is a stripping reflux; the reflux ratio of the internal reflux (11) is 200% -1000%.
5. The biological denitrification process device according to claim 4, wherein the secondary sedimentation tank (02) is of a circular radial structure, and the suspended biological filler interception device (06) is positioned at the water outlet end of the anoxic tank (08).
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN221296552U true CN221296552U (en) | 2024-07-09 |
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