CN221262724U

CN221262724U - Antenna shrapnel, antenna module and mobile terminal

Info

Publication number: CN221262724U
Application number: CN202322993123.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵晓峰; 严彩云; 张久生; 赵凯; 许照鑫; 项靖海
Original assignee: TCL Communication Ningbo Ltd
Current assignee: TCL Communication Ningbo Ltd
Priority date: 2023-11-07
Filing date: 2023-11-07
Publication date: 2024-07-02
Anticipated expiration: 2033-11-07

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of mobile communication, and discloses an antenna spring, an antenna module and a mobile terminal. The antenna spring is configured to be mounted on a bracket of the antenna module. The antenna spring piece comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a connecting part. The first substrate is configured with a first mounting hole. The second substrate is arranged at intervals from the first substrate, and the second substrate is provided with a second mounting hole. The connecting portion is connected between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate and the second substrate are configured to be abutted to two opposite sides of the bracket, the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are configured to penetrate through the fastener to enable the first substrate and the second substrate to be fixed to the bracket, at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is configured with a positioning hole, the positioning hole is configured to be connected with a positioning part of the bracket, or one of the first substrate and the second substrate is configured with a positioning part, and the positioning part is configured to be connected with the positioning hole of the bracket. Therefore, a hot melting process is not needed, and the antenna shrapnel is convenient to detach.

Description

Antenna shrapnel, antenna module and mobile terminal

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to an antenna spring, an antenna module and a mobile terminal.

Background

Mobile terminals such as mobile phones and the like generally adopt a hot melting process to fix an antenna spring plate on a support, and connect a metal shell with PFC (Flexible Printed Circuit, flexible circuit board) through the antenna spring plate to realize grounding. The antenna shrapnel is fixed on the bracket in a hot melting way, so that the fixing process of the antenna shrapnel is complicated, and the antenna shrapnel is inconvenient to detach.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide an antenna shrapnel, an antenna module and a mobile terminal, which realize quick positioning and installation of the antenna shrapnel through a positioning hole, clamp the antenna shrapnel on a bracket by utilizing a first substrate and a second substrate, and fix the antenna shrapnel through a fastener, thereby realizing quick assembly of the antenna shrapnel, and the antenna shrapnel is not required to be fixed on the bracket in a hot melting way, improving the installation flow of the antenna shrapnel and facilitating the disassembly of the antenna shrapnel.

An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna spring configured to be mounted on a bracket of an antenna module, the antenna spring including:

A first substrate configured with a first mounting hole;

A second substrate spaced apart from the first substrate, the second substrate being configured with a second mounting hole;

a connection portion connected between the first substrate and the second substrate;

Wherein the first and second substrates are configured to abut opposite sides of the bracket, the first and second mounting holes configured to be threaded with fasteners to secure the first and second substrates to the bracket;

wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is configured with a positioning hole configured to connect with a positioning portion of the bracket, or one of the first substrate and the second substrate is configured with a positioning portion configured to connect with a positioning hole of the bracket.

In some embodiments, at least one of the first and second substrates is configured with an extension extending outwardly along the plane of the support, the extension being configured to abut the support, the extension being configured with the locating hole or the locating portion.

In some embodiments, the extension is formed with a limit notch configured to abut a limit portion of the bracket.

In some embodiments, at least one of the first and second substrates is configured with a boss on a side remote from the other, the boss configured to abut a chassis of a mobile terminal.

The embodiment of the application also provides an antenna module, which comprises:

A cradle configured to be mounted to a mobile terminal;

The antenna spring sheet is as described above;

the first substrate and the second substrate are respectively abutted to two opposite sides of the support, at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is provided with a positioning hole, the support is provided with a positioning part, the positioning part is clamped in the positioning hole, or one of the first substrate and the second substrate is provided with a positioning part, the support is provided with a positioning hole, and the positioning part is clamped in the positioning hole.

In some embodiments, the bracket is configured with a connection hole, and fasteners are threaded into the first mounting hole, the connection hole, and the second mounting hole to secure the first substrate and the second substrate to the bracket.

In some embodiments, the bracket is configured with a clamping groove, and the connecting part is clamped in the clamping groove.

In some embodiments, the bracket is configured with a limiting portion, at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is configured with an extending portion extending outwards along a plane, and the extending portion is formed with a limiting notch, and the limiting notch abuts against the limiting portion.

In some embodiments, the limiting portion is located at a position of the bracket, where the position is close to the clamping groove, one side of the connecting portion abuts against a groove wall surface of the clamping groove, and the other side of the connecting portion abuts against the limiting portion.

The embodiment of the application also provides a mobile terminal which comprises the antenna module.

According to the antenna spring plate, the first substrate and the second substrate are abutted to the two opposite sides of the support, the first substrate and the second substrate are connected through the matching connection parts, so that the first substrate and the second substrate form clamping on the support, the positioning holes and the positioning parts are matched with each other to achieve rapid positioning of the antenna spring plate, and reliable connection between the antenna spring plate and the support is achieved through fastening action of the fastening pieces. Therefore, the antenna elastic sheet can be quickly fixed on the bracket without using a hot melting process, the installation flow of the antenna elastic sheet is improved, and the antenna elastic sheet is convenient to detach.

Drawings

The technical solution and other advantageous effects of the present application will be made apparent by the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna spring according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic partial structure of a bracket according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a local structure of a mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the mobile terminal provided in fig. 4.

Reference numerals:

10-antenna shrapnel, 110-first substrate, 120-second substrate, 130-connecting part, 140-first mounting hole, 150-second mounting hole, 160-positioning hole, 170-extending part, 180-limit notch, 190-protruding part, 20-bracket, 210-positioning part, 220-limit part, 230-connecting hole, 240-clamping groove and 30-casing.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the application.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or can be communicated with each other; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the application. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. They are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the application. Furthermore, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, which are for the purpose of brevity and clarity, and which do not themselves indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present application provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the application of other processes and/or the use of other materials.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, an antenna spring 10 is provided, and the antenna spring 10 is configured to be mounted on a bracket 20 of an antenna module. The antenna dome 10 includes a first substrate 110, a second substrate 120, and a connection portion 130. The first substrate 110 is configured with a first mounting hole 140. The second substrate 120 is spaced apart from the first substrate 110, and the second substrate 120 is configured with a second mounting hole 150. The connection portion 130 is connected between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120. Wherein the first and second substrates 110 and 120 are configured to abut against opposite sides of the bracket 20, and the first and second mounting holes 140 and 150 are configured to be penetrated by fasteners to fix the first and second substrates 110 and 120 to the bracket 20. Wherein at least one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 is configured with a positioning hole 160, the positioning hole 160 is configured to be connected with the positioning portion 210 of the bracket 20, or at least one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 is configured with a positioning portion 210, and the positioning portion 210 is configured to be connected with the positioning hole 160 of the bracket 20.

In this embodiment, the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 are abutted against opposite sides of the bracket 20, and the connection portion 130 is used to connect the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120, so that the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 form a clamp to the bracket 20, the positioning hole 160 and the positioning portion 210 are used to mutually cooperate to realize quick positioning of the antenna dome 10, and reliable connection between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20 is realized through fastening action of the fastening member. Therefore, the antenna spring 10 can be quickly fixed on the bracket 20, and a hot melting process is not needed, so that the installation process of the antenna spring 10 is improved, and the antenna spring 10 is convenient to detach.

It is understood that the positioning portion 210 and the positioning hole 160 cooperate to achieve quick positioning and installation of the antenna dome 10. The positioning portion 210 may be disposed on the antenna dome 10, corresponding to disposing the positioning portion 210 on the first substrate 110 and/or the second substrate 120, and configuring the positioning hole 160 on the bracket 20, thereby implementing positioning and installation between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20. The positioning portion 210 may also be disposed on at least one side of the bracket 20, and corresponds to forming a positioning hole 160 on the first substrate 110 and/or the second substrate 120, thereby realizing positioning and installation between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20. In the embodiment of the present application, the positioning portion 210 is preferably disposed on the bracket 20, the positioning hole 160 is disposed on the antenna dome 10, and the manner of disposing the positioning portion 210 and the positioning hole 160 will be discussed in this way.

Wherein the first substrate 110, the second substrate 120, and the connection portion 130 are integrally formed. The first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 may be disposed in parallel, and the connection portion 130 is vertically connected to edges of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120. Thus, the antenna dome 10 having a substantially U-shape can be formed by the first substrate 110, the second substrate 120, and the connection portion 130. By clamping the U-shaped antenna spring 10 on the bracket 20, the antenna spring 10 and the bracket 20 can be assembled quickly. And is connected with the positioning hole 160 and the positioning part 210 in a predetermined position, and the fastener penetrates through the first mounting hole 140 and the second mounting hole 150, so that the antenna spring 10 can be assembled quickly.

It can be appreciated that the first substrate 110, the second substrate 120, and the connection portion 130 are made of conductive materials, thereby forming the antenna dome 10 with conductivity. The antenna spring 10 is clamped in an LDS (LASER DIRECT structure, laser direct Structuring) antenna area on the bracket 20, and the antenna spring 10 abuts against the casing 30 made of a metal material, thereby realizing grounding of the antenna.

At least one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 is configured with a positioning hole 160. For example, the positioning hole 160 may be formed only in the first substrate 110, and the positioning portion 210 may be formed on a side of the bracket 20 that abuts against the first substrate 110. For example, the positioning hole 160 may be formed only in the second substrate 120, and the positioning portion 210 may be formed on a side of the holder 20 that abuts against the second substrate 120. For example, the positioning holes 160 are formed on both the first and second substrates 110 and 120, corresponding to forming a positioning portion 210 on opposite sides of the bracket 20.

For example, the same fastener may be inserted into the first mounting hole 140 and the second mounting hole 150, at this time, the connection hole 230 needs to be configured on the bracket 20, the connection hole 230, the first mounting hole 140 and the second mounting hole 150 are coaxially disposed, and the fastener is inserted into the first mounting hole 140, the connection hole 230 and the second mounting hole 150, so as to realize the stable connection between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20. The fastening means are preferably screws, bolts, whereby a detachable connection between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20 is achieved.

For example, different fasteners may be inserted into the first mounting hole 140 and the second mounting hole 150, at this time, the connecting holes 230 may be respectively formed on two sides of the bracket 20, and one of the fasteners is inserted into the first mounting hole 140 and the connecting hole 230, and the other fastener is inserted into the second mounting hole 150 and the connecting hole 230, so as to realize the stable connection between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20.

In some embodiments, at least one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 is configured with an extension 170 extending outwardly along a plane thereof, the extension 170 being configured to abut the bracket 20, the extension 170 being configured with a positioning hole 160 or a positioning portion 210. Based on the construction of an extension 170, a locating hole 160 may be constructed thereon to connect with the locating portion 210 of the bracket 20. Or based on the construction of an extension 170, a positioning portion 210 may be constructed thereon to connect the positioning hole 160 of the bracket 20.

Wherein the extension 170 is integrally formed with the first substrate 110 or the second substrate 120.

For example, as shown in fig. 1, the extension portion 170 may be integrally formed on the first substrate 110, where when the antenna elastic sheet 10 is clamped on the bracket 20, the extension portion 170 abuts against the bracket 20, and the positioning hole 160 on the extension portion 170 is sleeved with the positioning portion 210 on the bracket 20, so as to realize positioning and installation of the antenna elastic sheet 10. For example, the extension 170 may be integrally formed with the second substrate 120. The extension parts 170 may be provided in two and integrally formed with the first and second substrates 110 and 120, respectively.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in some embodiments, the extension portion 170 is formed with a limit notch 180, and the limit notch 180 is configured to abut against the limit portion 220 of the bracket 20. Based on the abutting matching of the limiting notch 180 and the limiting part 220, the antenna elastic sheet 10 can be rotationally limited, and the position of the antenna elastic sheet 10 after being pre-installed is prevented from being offset.

It can be appreciated that, based on the cooperation between the positioning hole 160 on the antenna dome 10 and the positioning portion 210 on the bracket 20, when the positioning portion 210 is configured to be cylindrical, the antenna dome 10 may rotate around the positioning portion 210, so that the pre-positioning position of the antenna dome 10 is shifted. Based on the mutual matching between the limit notch 180 and the limit portion 220, the antenna spring 10 can be prevented from horizontally rotating after being clamped on the bracket 20, so that the antenna spring 10 is ensured not to shift after being pre-positioned and mounted, and the fastener can be ensured to penetrate through the first mounting hole 140 and the second mounting hole 150.

The limiting notch 180 can also be used as a foolproof structure to prevent the antenna spring plate 10 from being reversely assembled, and improve the installation efficiency of the antenna spring plate 10.

As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments, at least one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 is configured with a boss 190 on a side thereof remote from the other, the boss 190 being configured to abut the chassis 30 of the mobile terminal. The casing 30 is made of conductive material, for example, a metal casing 30 is used. Based on the abutment of the projection with the housing 30, a stable electrical connection is achieved after locking of the fastener. The first base and the second base plate 120 are engaged with the support 20 to achieve grounding.

Specifically, the protruding portion may correspond to a laser etching area of the casing 30, and after the casing 30, the antenna elastic sheet 10 and the bracket 20 are locked by the fastener, the antenna elastic sheet 10 may be abutted to the casing 30 through the first substrate 110 or the second substrate 120 on one hand, and may be abutted to the casing 30 through the protruding portion on the other hand, so as to achieve stable contact and ensure reliability of grounding of the antenna.

Wherein, the protruding parts may be provided in at least two and spaced around the first mounting hole 140 or the second mounting hole 150. The plurality of protruding portions abut against the casing 30, thereby ensuring the reliability of the antenna grounding.

For example, a protrusion may be configured at a side of the first substrate 110 away from the second substrate 120, corresponding to the first substrate 110 abutting the cabinet 30. A protrusion may be further configured on a side of the second substrate 120 away from the first substrate 110, corresponding to the second substrate 120 abutting the casing 30. The protruding portions may be configured on the sides of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 away from each other, and then the antenna dome 10 may be abutted by any one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120, and the aesthetic property of the antenna dome 10 may be improved based on the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 that are symmetrically arranged.

The embodiment of the application also provides an antenna module, which comprises a bracket 20 and the antenna spring 10 in the previous embodiment. The cradle 20 is configured to be mounted to a mobile terminal. The first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 are respectively abutted against two opposite sides of the bracket 20, at least one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 is configured with a positioning hole 160, the bracket 20 is configured with a positioning portion 210, the positioning portion 210 is clamped with, or at least one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 is configured with a positioning portion 210, the bracket 20 is configured with a positioning hole 160, and the positioning portion 210 is clamped with.

The positioning portion 210 may be integrally formed with the bracket 20. The positioning portion 210 may be configured in a shape of a cylinder, a prism, an elliptic cylinder, etc., and the positioning hole 160 may be configured as a hole with a corresponding shape, so as to implement the clamping between the positioning portion 210 and the positioning hole 160.

It is understood that the positioning portion 210 and the positioning hole 160 cooperate to achieve quick positioning and installation of the antenna dome 10. The positioning portion 210 may be disposed on the antenna dome 10, corresponding to disposing the positioning portion 210 on the first substrate 110 and/or the second substrate 120, and configuring the positioning hole 160 on the bracket 20, thereby implementing positioning and installation between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20. The positioning portion 210 may also be disposed on at least one side of the bracket 20, and corresponds to forming a positioning hole 160 on the first substrate 110 and/or the second substrate 120, thereby realizing positioning and installation between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20. In the embodiment of the present application, the positioning portion 210 is preferably disposed on the bracket 20, and the positioning hole 160 is preferably disposed on the antenna dome 10.

In some embodiments, the bracket 20 is configured with the connection hole 230, and the first and second mounting holes 140, 230, and 150 are penetrated with fasteners to fix the first and second substrates 110 and 120 to the bracket 20.

The fastening piece is arranged through the first mounting hole 140, the connecting hole 230 and the second mounting hole 150, so that the locking between the antenna elastic sheet 10 and the bracket 20 is realized. The fastening means are preferably screws, bolts, whereby a detachable connection between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20 is achieved.

For example, as shown in fig. 5, the same fastening member may be inserted into the first mounting hole 140 and the second mounting hole 150, and in this case, it is necessary to construct the connection hole 230 in the bracket 20, and the fastening member is inserted into the first mounting hole 140, the connection hole 230, and the second mounting hole 150, so as to achieve a stable connection between the antenna dome 10 and the bracket 20. The fastening piece can also be inserted into the through hole of the casing 30, so that the fastening piece is inserted into the through hole, the first mounting hole 140, the connecting hole 230 and the second mounting hole 150, so as to realize stable connection among the casing 30, the antenna elastic sheet 10 and the bracket 20, and ensure the reliability of grounding.

In some embodiments, the bracket 20 is configured with a clamping groove 240, and the connecting portion 130 is clamped in the clamping groove 240. Through the joint between draw-in groove 240 and connecting portion 130 to the joint between cooperation locating hole 160 and the location portion 210 can realize the quick location installation between antenna shell fragment 10 and the support 20, and the cooperation of draw-in groove 240 and connecting portion 130 also can play the spacing effect of stopping changeing, prevents that antenna shell fragment 10 from predefining the post-installation position and taking place the skew.

In some embodiments, the bracket 20 is configured with a limiting portion 220, at least one of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 is configured with an extending portion 170 extending outwards along a plane, and the extending portion 170 is formed with a limiting notch 180, where the limiting notch 180 abuts against the limiting portion 220.

In some embodiments, the limiting portion 220 is located at a position of the bracket 20 near the clamping groove 240, one side of the connecting portion 130 abuts against a groove wall surface of the clamping groove 240, and the other side of the connecting portion 130 abuts against the limiting portion 220.

It can be appreciated that the limiting portion 220 can be matched with the limiting notch 180 to realize the rotation stopping and limiting of the antenna spring 10. On the other hand, the limiting portion 220 can also abut against the connecting portion 130, and also has the effect of limiting the rotation of the antenna spring 10. Thus, the rotation stopping limit of the antenna spring 10 is sufficiently ensured based on the contact between the limit part 220 and the limit notch 180, the contact between the connecting part 130 and the wall surface of the clamping groove 240, and the contact between the connecting part 130 and the limit part 220, so that the antenna spring 10 is prevented from being positionally shifted after being pre-positioned and mounted.

As shown in fig. 4, the embodiment of the present application further provides a mobile terminal, which includes the antenna module in the foregoing embodiment.

In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.

The above describes in detail an antenna spring, an antenna module and a mobile terminal provided by the embodiments of the present application, and specific examples are applied to describe the principles and embodiments of the present application, where the description of the above embodiments is only for helping to understand the technical solution and core ideas of the present application; those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application.

Claims

1. An antenna spring configured to be mounted on a bracket of an antenna module, the antenna spring comprising:

A first substrate configured with a first mounting hole;

2. The antenna spring of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is configured with an extension extending outwardly along a plane, the extension being configured to abut the bracket, the extension being configured with the locating hole or the locating portion.

3. The antenna clip of claim 2, wherein the extension is formed with a limit notch configured to abut a limit portion of the bracket.

4. The antenna dome of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is configured with a boss on a side remote from the other, the boss configured to abut a chassis of a mobile terminal.

5. An antenna module, comprising:

A cradle configured to be mounted to a mobile terminal;

the antenna dome of any one of claims 1-4;

6. The antenna module of claim 5, wherein the bracket is configured with a connection hole, and fasteners are threaded into the first mounting hole, the connection hole, and the second mounting hole to secure the first substrate and the second substrate to the bracket.

7. The antenna module of claim 5, wherein the bracket is configured with a slot, and the connection portion is engaged in the slot.

8. The antenna module of claim 7, wherein the bracket is configured with a limit portion, at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is configured with an extension portion extending outwardly along a plane, the extension portion is formed with a limit notch, and the limit notch abuts against the limit portion.

9. The antenna module of claim 8, wherein the limiting portion is located at a position of the bracket near the clamping groove, one side of the connecting portion abuts against a groove wall surface of the clamping groove, and the other side of the connecting portion abuts against the limiting portion.

10. A mobile terminal comprising an antenna module according to any of claims 4-9.