CN221080938U - Power conversion circuit and power conversion system - Google Patents
Power conversion circuit and power conversion system Download PDFInfo
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- CN221080938U CN221080938U CN202322366411.XU CN202322366411U CN221080938U CN 221080938 U CN221080938 U CN 221080938U CN 202322366411 U CN202322366411 U CN 202322366411U CN 221080938 U CN221080938 U CN 221080938U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a power conversion circuit and a power conversion system, wherein the power conversion circuit comprises: the switching unit comprises four transistors, wherein first ends of the four transistors are respectively and electrically connected to the processor and are used for receiving a control signal sent by the processor and switching in the processes of voltage boost conversion, voltage reduction conversion or voltage reduction-voltage boost conversion according to the control signal, two transistors are positioned at the battery pack side, and the other two transistors are positioned at the external charging power supply side; one end of the follow current inductor is electrically connected with the second ends of the two transistors positioned at the battery pack side, and the other end of the follow current inductor is electrically connected with the third ends of the two transistors positioned at the external charging power supply side; and one end of the shunt resistor is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the external charging power supply, and the other end of the shunt resistor is electrically connected with the second end of one of the transistors. The utility model can provide wider charging voltage, is convenient for the battery pack to be fully filled, widens the application scene of charging, is simple and convenient, and is suitable for the battery management systems of various vehicles.
Description
Technical Field
The present utility model relates to the field of battery charging technologies, and in particular, to a power conversion circuit and a power conversion system.
Background
In the related art, a charging current limiting scheme of a low-voltage battery management system adopts a power supply voltage reduction topological structure. The step-down topology structure often uses a diode as a freewheeling of the power inductor, so when the battery pack is nearly fully charged, the charging voltage provided by the external power supply must be greater than the voltage of the battery pack to work due to the influence of the voltage drop of the diode, and the battery pack cannot be fully charged all the time.
Disclosure of utility model
In view of this, the present utility model provides a power conversion circuit and a power conversion system, which can provide a wider charging voltage, and can perform a charging function even when the charging power voltage provided by an external charging power is less than or equal to the battery pack voltage, so that the battery pack is convenient to be fully charged, the charging application scenario is widened, and the power conversion circuit and the power conversion system are simple and convenient, and are suitable for low-voltage battery management systems of various vehicles.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a power conversion circuit for converting between an external charging power supply voltage and a battery pack voltage, a positive electrode of the external charging power supply being electrically connected to a positive electrode of the battery pack, the power conversion circuit comprising: the switching unit comprises four transistors, wherein first ends of the four transistors are respectively and electrically connected to the processor, and the four transistors are used for receiving control signals sent by the processor and switching in the processes of voltage boost conversion, voltage down conversion or voltage down-voltage boost conversion according to the control signals; one end of the follow current inductor is electrically connected with the second ends of the two transistors on the battery pack side, and the other end of the follow current inductor is electrically connected with the third ends of the two transistors on the external charging power supply side; one end of the shunt resistor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the external charging power supply, and the other end of the shunt resistor is electrically connected to the second end of one of the transistors; among the four transistors, two of the four transistors are positioned on the battery pack side and are respectively and electrically connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery pack; the other two transistors are positioned on the side of the external charging power supply and are respectively and electrically connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the external charging power supply.
In an embodiment, the third terminal of one of the two transistors on the battery pack side is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, and the third terminal of the other transistor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack.
In an embodiment, the second terminal of one of the two transistors on the external charging power source side is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the external charging power source, and the second terminal of the other transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the shunt resistor.
In an embodiment, the four transistors are a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, and a fourth transistor, and the four transistors are all metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors.
In an embodiment, a first end of the first transistor is electrically connected to the processor, a second end of the first transistor is electrically connected to one end of the freewheel inductor, and a third end of the first transistor is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack.
In an embodiment, a first terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the processor, a second terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to one terminal of the freewheel inductor, and a third terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the battery pack.
In an embodiment, a first end of the third transistor is electrically connected to the processor, a second end of the third transistor is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the external charging power supply, and a third end of the third transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the freewheel inductor.
In an embodiment, the first end of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the processor, the second end of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the shunt resistor, and the third end of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the freewheel inductor.
In an embodiment, the power conversion circuit further comprises: the first capacitor is positioned at the battery pack side, the positive electrode of the first capacitor is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the battery pack, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack; the second capacitor is positioned at the side of the external charging power supply, the anode of the second capacitor is electrically connected with the anode of the external charging power supply, and the cathode of the second capacitor is electrically connected with the cathode of the external charging power supply.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present utility model provide a power conversion system including a battery pack, an external charging power source, and the power conversion circuit.
By arranging the power conversion circuit based on four transistors in the switch unit and omitting diodes in the related art, the utility model can provide wider charging voltage according to various aspects, and can execute the charging function even if the charging power voltage provided by an external charging power supply is smaller than or equal to the battery pack voltage, thereby being convenient for the battery pack to be fully filled, widening the charging application scene, being simple and convenient, and being suitable for low-voltage battery management systems of various vehicles.
Drawings
The technical solution and other advantageous effects of the present utility model will be made apparent by the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a power supply step-down topology in the related art.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the utility model.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or can be communicated with each other; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the utility model. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Furthermore, the present utility model may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, which are for the purpose of brevity and clarity, and which do not themselves indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present utility model provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the application of other processes and/or the use of other materials. In some instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present utility model.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a power supply step-down topology in the related art. As shown in fig. 1, in the related art, the voltage of the battery pack is Vout and the voltage of the external charging power source is Vin. The capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack, the capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the positive electrode (namely the P+ port) and the negative electrode (namely the P-port) of the external charging power supply, and the switch SW1 is a MOS tube. One end of the shunt R1 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the external charging power supply, the other end of the shunt R1 is electrically connected to the source electrode of the switch SW1, the drain electrode of the switch SW1 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1, and the negative electrode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the P+ port. One end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1, and the other end is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack.
Wherein, the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 are used for filtering the ripple. The shunt R1 plays a role in negative feedback of the recovery current value in the charging and current limiting process, and an external charging power supply, a battery pack, a switch SW1, a diode D1 and an inductor L1 form a voltage-reducing loop together.
In operation, the system is set to control the period of the switch SW1 to be T, the time for which the switch SW1 is closed to be Ton, and the duty cycle to be D through the gate of the switch SW 1. When the switch SW1 is closed, the diode D1 is reversely cut off, the inductor L1 is in a charging energy storage state, and the voltage drop at two ends of the inductor L1 is equal to (Vin-Vout); when the switch SW1 is turned off, the external charging power supply is turned off, the inductor L1 is in a freewheeling discharge state, the diode D1 is turned on, and the voltage drop across the inductor L1 is equal to Vout.
For the circuit of fig. 1, the equation is derived from the inductance L1 volt-second product balance after circuit steady state: (Vin-Vout) ton=vout (T-Ton), thereby deriving the relationship between output voltage and input: vout=vin× (Ton/T) =vin×d. Since the duty cycle D is always less than or equal to 1 and there is a voltage drop when the diode D1 is turned on, the circuit of fig. 1 must operate with an external power supply voltage Vin greater than the battery pack voltage Vout.
To this end, the present utility model provides a power conversion circuit for converting between an external charging power supply voltage and a battery pack voltage, a positive electrode of the external charging power supply being electrically connected to a positive electrode of the battery pack, the power conversion circuit comprising: the switching unit comprises four transistors, wherein first ends of the four transistors are respectively and electrically connected to the processor, and the four transistors are used for receiving control signals sent by the processor and switching in the processes of voltage boost conversion, voltage down conversion or voltage down-voltage boost conversion according to the control signals; one end of the follow current inductor is electrically connected with the second ends of the two transistors on the battery pack side, and the other end of the follow current inductor is electrically connected with the third ends of the two transistors on the external charging power supply side; one end of the shunt resistor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the external charging power supply, and the other end of the shunt resistor is electrically connected to the second end of one of the transistors; among the four transistors, two of the four transistors are positioned on the battery pack side and are respectively and electrically connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery pack; the other two transistors are positioned on the side of the external charging power supply and are respectively and electrically connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the external charging power supply.
The battery pack can comprise a plurality of battery modules, and each battery module can comprise a plurality of electric cores. It will be appreciated that the utility model is not limited to the internal arrangement of the battery pack.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the utility model. As shown in fig. 2, compared to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present utility model eliminates the diode D1 in fig. 1, and uses 4 transistors for full-bridge control.
In an embodiment, the third terminal of one of the two transistors on the battery pack side is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, and the third terminal of the other transistor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack. For example, in fig. 2, the transistor SW5 and the transistor SW4 are both located on the battery pack side, the drain of the transistor SW5 may be electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, and the drain of the transistor SW4 may be electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack.
In an embodiment, the second terminal of one of the two transistors on the external charging power source side is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the external charging power source, and the second terminal of the other transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the shunt resistor. For example, in fig. 2, the transistor SW3 and the transistor SW2 are both located on the external charging power source side, the source of the transistor SW3 may be electrically connected to the positive electrode of the external charging power source, and the source of the transistor SW2 may be electrically connected to the other end of the shunt resistor R2.
In an embodiment, the four transistors are a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, and a fourth transistor, and the four transistors are all metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. Wherein the first transistor may be the transistor SW5 of fig. 2, the second transistor may be the transistor SW4 of fig. 2, the third transistor may be the transistor SW3 of fig. 2, and the fourth transistor may be the transistor SW2 of fig. 2.
In an embodiment, the first end is a gate of the corresponding transistor, the second end is a source of the corresponding transistor, and the third end is a drain of the corresponding transistor. The transistor of the present utility model may be an N-tube or a P-tube, and for convenience of description, the N-tube is taken as an example.
In an embodiment, a first end of the first transistor is electrically connected to the processor, a second end of the first transistor is electrically connected to one end of the freewheel inductor, and a third end of the first transistor is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack. For example, in fig. 2, the gate of the transistor SW5 is electrically connected to the processor, the source of the transistor SW5 is electrically connected to one end of the freewheel inductor L2, and the drain of the transistor SW5 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack.
In an embodiment, a first terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the processor, a second terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to one terminal of the freewheel inductor, and a third terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the battery pack. For example, in fig. 2, the gate of the transistor SW4 is electrically connected to the processor, the source of the transistor SW4 is electrically connected to one end of the freewheel inductor L2, and the drain of the transistor SW4 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack.
In an embodiment, a first end of the third transistor is electrically connected to the processor, a second end of the third transistor is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the external charging power supply, and a third end of the third transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the freewheel inductor. For example, in fig. 2, the gate of the transistor SW3 is electrically connected to the processor, the source of the transistor SW3 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the external charging power supply, and the drain of the transistor SW3 is electrically connected to the other end of the flywheel inductor L2.
In an embodiment, the first end of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the processor, the second end of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the shunt resistor, and the third end of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the freewheel inductor. For example, in fig. 2, the gate of the transistor SW2 is electrically connected to the processor, the source of the transistor SW2 is electrically connected to the other end of the shunt resistor R2, and the drain of the transistor SW2 is electrically connected to the other end of the freewheel inductor L2.
In an embodiment, the power conversion circuit further includes a first capacitor C3 and a second capacitor C4 for filtering ripple. The first capacitor C3 and the second capacitor C4 may be both polar capacitors. The first capacitor C3 is located at the battery pack side, the second capacitor C4 is located at the external charging power source side, the positive electrode of the first capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, the negative electrode of the first capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack, the positive electrode of the second capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the external charging power source, and the negative electrode of the second capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the external charging power source.
In an embodiment, the shunt resistor R2 performs a closed-loop control function of a stopcurrent value in the charging and current limiting process, and the external charging power supply, the battery pack, the four transistors, the freewheeling inductor L2 and the shunt resistor R2 together form a full-bridge loop, so that the circuits can respectively form a buck-boost topology structure and a buck-boost topology structure by controlling the switching states of the 4 transistors.
When the voltage of the external charging power supply is larger than the voltage of the battery pack, the circuit is in a step-down topology working state. At this time, the period of the processor controlling the transistor switch is T, the time for which the SW2 switch is closed is Ton, and the duty cycle is D. Maintaining SW5 normally open, SW4 normally closed, and SW2 and SW3 in control switch states. When SW2 is closed and SW3 is opened, the voltage across L2 is equal to (Vin-Vout); when SW3 is open, SW2 is closed, and the voltage across L2 is equal to Vout. And (3) obtaining an equation according to the product balance of the inductance L2 volt-seconds after the circuit is stable: (Vin-Vout) ton=vout (T-Ton), thereby deriving the relationship between output voltage and input: vout=vin× (Ton/T) =vin×d. Since D is 1 or less, the input/output voltages form a step-down relationship.
When the external charging power supply voltage is smaller than the battery pack voltage, the circuit is in a boosting topology working state. At this time, the period of the processor controlling the transistor switch is T, the time for which the SW5 switch is closed is Ton, and the duty cycle is D. Maintaining SW3 normally open, SW2 normally closed, and SW4 and SW5 in control switch states. When SW5 is closed and SW4 is opened, the voltage across L2 is equal to Vin; when SW5 is open, SW4 is closed and the voltage across L2 is equal to (Vout-Vin). And (3) obtaining an equation according to the product balance of the inductance L2 volt-seconds after the circuit is stable: vin = (Vout-Vin) = (T-Ton), the relation of output voltage to input is derived: vout=vin× (T/(T-Ton))=vin/(1-D). Since D is 1 or less, the input/output voltages form a boosting relationship.
When the external charging supply voltage approaches the battery pack voltage, the circuit is in a buck-boost topology operating state, where SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5 are all in a control switch state. The processor controls the period of the transistor switch to be T, the closing time of the SW5 switch to be Ton and the duty ratio to be D. When SW2 and SW5 are closed, SW3 and SW4 are opened, and the voltage across the L2 is equal to Vin; when SW3, SW4 are closed, SW2, SW5 are open and the voltage across L2 is equal to Vout. And (3) obtaining an equation according to the product balance of the inductance L2 volt-seconds after the circuit is stable: vin=ton=vout (T-Ton), deriving the output voltage versus input: vout=vin× (Ton/(T-Ton))=vin×d/(1-D). The system is in a dynamic balance state of switching the buck and boost voltage, which indicates that the input voltage and the output voltage form a buck-boost relationship.
In addition, the utility model also provides a power supply conversion system which comprises a battery pack, an external charging power supply and the power supply conversion circuit.
In summary, the utility model can provide wider charging voltage by arranging the power conversion circuit based on four transistors in the switch unit and omitting diodes in the related art, and can execute the charging function even if the charging power voltage provided by an external charging power supply is smaller than or equal to the battery pack voltage, thereby being convenient for the battery pack to be fully filled, widening the charging application scene, being simple and convenient, and being suitable for low-voltage battery management systems of various vehicles.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The power conversion circuit and the power conversion system provided by the embodiment of the utility model are described in detail, and specific examples are applied to the description of the principle and the implementation mode of the utility model, and the description of the above embodiments is only used for helping to understand the technical scheme and the core idea of the utility model; those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. A power conversion circuit for converting between an external charging power supply voltage and a battery pack voltage, a positive electrode of the external charging power supply being electrically connected to a positive electrode of the battery pack, the power conversion circuit comprising:
The switching unit comprises four transistors, wherein first ends of the four transistors are respectively and electrically connected to the processor, and the four transistors are used for receiving control signals sent by the processor and switching in the processes of voltage boost conversion, voltage down conversion or voltage down-voltage boost conversion according to the control signals;
One end of the follow current inductor is electrically connected with the second ends of the two transistors on the battery pack side, and the other end of the follow current inductor is electrically connected with the third ends of the two transistors on the external charging power supply side;
One end of the shunt resistor is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the external charging power supply, and the other end of the shunt resistor is electrically connected to the second end of one of the transistors;
among the four transistors, two of the four transistors are positioned on the battery pack side and are respectively and electrically connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery pack; the other two transistors are positioned on the side of the external charging power supply and are respectively and electrically connected with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the external charging power supply.
2. The power conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein of the two transistors on the battery pack side, a third terminal of one transistor is electrically connected to a positive electrode of the battery pack, and a third terminal of the other transistor is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the battery pack.
3. The power conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein, of the two transistors on the external charging power source side, a second terminal of one transistor is electrically connected to a positive electrode of the external charging power source, and a second terminal of the other transistor is electrically connected to the other end of the shunt resistor.
4. The power conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein four of the transistors are a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, and a fourth transistor, and wherein four of the transistors are metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors.
5. The power conversion circuit of claim 4, wherein a first terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to a processor, a second terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to one terminal of the freewheel inductor, and a third terminal of the first transistor is electrically connected to an anode of the battery pack.
6. The power conversion circuit of claim 4, wherein a first terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to a processor, a second terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to one terminal of the freewheel inductor, and a third terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to a negative electrode of the battery pack.
7. The power conversion circuit according to claim 4, wherein a first terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to a processor, a second terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to a positive electrode of the external charging power source, and a third terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to the other terminal of the freewheel inductor.
8. The power conversion circuit of claim 4, wherein a first terminal of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to a processor, a second terminal of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the other terminal of the shunt resistor, and a third terminal of the fourth transistor is electrically connected to the other terminal of the freewheeling inductor.
9. The power conversion circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising:
the first capacitor is positioned at the battery pack side, the positive electrode of the first capacitor is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the battery pack, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack;
The second capacitor is positioned at the side of the external charging power supply, the anode of the second capacitor is electrically connected with the anode of the external charging power supply, and the cathode of the second capacitor is electrically connected with the cathode of the external charging power supply.
10. A power conversion system comprising a battery pack, an external charging power source, and a power conversion circuit according to any one of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202322366411.XU CN221080938U (en) | 2023-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | Power conversion circuit and power conversion system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202322366411.XU CN221080938U (en) | 2023-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | Power conversion circuit and power conversion system |
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| CN221080938U true CN221080938U (en) | 2024-06-04 |
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| CN202322366411.XU Active CN221080938U (en) | 2023-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | Power conversion circuit and power conversion system |
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| CN (1) | CN221080938U (en) |
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