CN221046927U

CN221046927U - Geological soil integration prosthetic devices

Info

Publication number: CN221046927U
Application number: CN202322777336.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贾升安; 赵成文; 耿海深
Original assignee: Qinghai Institute Of Hydrogeology And Engineering
Current assignee: Qinghai Institute Of Hydrogeology And Engineering
Priority date: 2023-10-17
Filing date: 2023-10-17
Publication date: 2024-05-31
Anticipated expiration: 2033-10-17

Abstract

The utility model discloses an integrated geological soil restoration device which comprises a restoration device body, wherein the restoration device body comprises a restoration box and an electric heating sleeve fixedly sleeved in the restoration box, a discharge valve is fixedly communicated with the bottom of the restoration box, and two symmetrically arranged inclined guide plates are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the restoration box. According to the utility model, a series of structures are arranged, so that soil and repair liquid can be conveniently added into the repair box, the flow of the repair liquid can be automatically measured when the repair liquid is added, the addition amount can be conveniently and accurately controlled by personnel, the phenomenon of excessive or insufficient addition is effectively avoided, the rotation and turnover of three rotating rods are conveniently and synchronously driven by a single drive body to carry out stirring, mixing and repair work, a plurality of motor devices are not required to be independently arranged for carrying out turnover and rotation work, the long-term energy consumption and the use cost are reduced, the energy conservation performance is improved, the cleaning of the internal rotation water spray washing after the use is conveniently, fast and integrally carried out, and the cleaning convenience of the internal rotation water spray washing after the use is improved.

Description

Geological soil integration prosthetic devices

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a geological soil integrated remediation device.

Background

To this end, through retrieving, bulletin number CN206882412U discloses a geological soil integrated restoration device, which comprises a restoration box, a liquid adding box, a charging barrel and a heater, wherein four groups of supporting frames are arranged at the bottom of the restoration box, a discharge valve is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the restoration box, the heater is arranged at one side of the restoration box, a heat conducting plate is arranged at the bottom end of the inner wall of the restoration box, the heat conducting plate is connected with the output end of the heater, and the liquid adding box is arranged at the top of one side, far away from the heater, of the restoration box; it leads to the device through the material loading and carries out the material loading to the restoration bucket, can add the restoration liquid to the charging bucket through the liquid feeding case simultaneously, cooperates the material loading mode of the inside screw axis of charging bucket for the restoration liquid distributes evenly in soil, and the choke valve is installed to the bottom of dosing case, can be according to the pollution degree of soil, and the volume speed of control outflow restoration liquid, thereby the volume of control restoration liquid makes the restoration liquid can not add excessively, avoids causing secondary pollution.

According to the geological soil integrated restoration device disclosed by the technology, through the liquid adding box, the throttle valve and the graduated scale which are arranged, personnel can conveniently control the addition amount of restoration liquid, through the first rotating motor, the plurality of third rotating motors and the plurality of rotating rods which are arranged, the plurality of rotating rods can be driven to rotate and turn around to drive the plurality of stirring blades to perform full stirring and mixing operation, but the following defects still exist: 1. the plurality of rotating rods are respectively driven to rotate by the plurality of third rotating motors, the plurality of rotating rods are driven to turn through the first rotating motor, more motor equipment is required to be used for independent driving in the process of turning and autorotation stirring of the rotating rods, and the energy consumption and the use cost of the plurality of motor equipment are high at the moment, so that the energy conservation performance is not ideal; 2. lack of a structure for cleaning the inside after use, and easy to remain more soil impurities to cause solidification in the inside, so that the next use is affected; in view of this, we propose a geological soil integrated restoration device for solving the above-mentioned problems.

Disclosure of utility model

The utility model aims to provide a geological soil integrated restoration device for solving the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a geological soil integration prosthetic devices, includes the prosthetic devices body, the prosthetic devices body includes repair case and fixed cover dress at the electric heating jacket of repair incasement, repair case's bottom intercommunication is fixed with the relief valve, fixedly connected with two oblique baffle that set up symmetrically on repair case's the bottom inner wall, the relief valve is located between two oblique baffle, repair case's top left side intercommunication is fixed with the feeder hopper, utilizes the mode that the feeder hopper set up on upper portion to make things convenient for the gravity automatic downward feeding of geological soil of direct utilization;

The top inner wall of the repair box is provided with a circular rotating box with an opening at the top, the bottom of the circular rotating box is connected with three rotating rods in an equidistant rotating manner, two sides of each rotating rod are fixedly connected with a plurality of stirring blades, the outer sides of the stirring blades are fixedly connected with a plurality of crushing teeth, the top ends of the three rotating rods extend into the circular rotating box and are fixedly connected with the same peripheral self-rotation linkage assembly, the peripheral self-rotation linkage assembly is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the circular rotating box, the top of the repair box is fixedly provided with a driving motor with an output shaft fixedly connected with the peripheral self-rotation linkage assembly, and the peripheral self-rotation linkage assembly is used for driving the three rotating rods to rotate and driving the circular rotating box to rotate when the driving motor is started and is used for driving the three rotating rods to turn round by the circular rotating box;

The bottom of the round rotating box is fixedly connected with a plurality of unidirectional spraying and flushing assemblies, the top of the repairing box is fixedly provided with a water pump, the water outlet end of the water pump extends into the round rotating box, and the unidirectional spraying and flushing assemblies are used for carrying out rotary spraying and flushing on the inside when the water pump is started and the round rotating box rotates;

The right side of the top of the repair box is fixedly communicated with a repair liquid metering and adding assembly, and the repair liquid metering and adding assembly is used for adding repair liquid into the repair box and metering and adding amount.

Preferably, the peripheral rotation and co-rotation linkage assembly comprises an inner gear ring, two first gears and a second gear which are arranged in a circular rotation box, wherein the top ends of rotating rods positioned at two sides are respectively and fixedly connected with the bottoms of the two first gears, the top end of a rotating rod positioned in the middle is fixedly connected with the bottom of the second gear, the second gear is meshed between the two first gears, the center of the top of the second gear is fixedly connected with the bottom end of an output shaft of a driving motor, the outer side of the inner gear ring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the circular rotation box, and one repulsive side of the two first gears is respectively meshed with two inner sides of the inner gear ring; the inner gear ring, the two first gears and the second gears are matched, when the driving motor starts to drive the second gears to rotate, the second gears drive the two first gears meshed with the second gears to rotate in the same direction, the second gears and the two first gears drive the three rotating rods to synchronously rotate, the two first gears drive the three rotating rods to turn round through the inner gear ring and the round rotating box in sequence, and the three rotating rods which rotate and turn round are utilized to drive the stirring blades to rotate, stir and mix.

Preferably, the one-way spraying and flushing assembly comprises a one-way valve which is communicated and fixed on the inner wall of the bottom of the round rotating box, the one-way valve is arranged in an outward inclined way, and a spraying head is communicated and fixed at the bottom of the one-way valve; the check valve that sets up cooperates with the sprinkler head, can drive a plurality of sprinkler heads through a plurality of check valves when changeing the box rotation, opens the water pump and draws outside water and pump sending and change the box in the time, and water is rotated to spray to inside through a plurality of pivoted check valves and sprinkler head blowout in proper order and is washed the clearance work.

Preferably, the repairing liquid metering and adding assembly comprises a repairing liquid storage box fixedly arranged on the right side of the top of the repairing box, a valve is fixedly communicated with the right side of the bottom of the repairing liquid storage box, a liquid flow instrument is fixedly communicated with the bottom end of the valve, and a liquid outlet of the liquid flow instrument is fixedly communicated with the inside of the repairing box; the valve, the liquid flow meter and the repairing liquid storage tank are matched, the valve is opened, repairing liquid in the repairing liquid storage tank sequentially enters the repairing tank through the valve and the liquid flow meter and is stirred and mixed in soil for repairing operation, and the repairing liquid flow is detected and displayed through the liquid flow meter.

Preferably, the stirring vanes on the rotating rod in the middle are staggered with the stirring vanes on the rotating rod on the outer side one by one.

Preferably, the bottom of repair case is annular equidistant fixedly connected with four landing legs, and fixedly connected with first sealed bearing on the top inner wall of repair case, the fixed suit in the outside of the inner circle of first sealed bearing and circle commentaries on classics box.

Preferably, the right side of the top of the repair box is fixedly connected with an L-shaped support, and the top of the L-shaped support is fixedly connected with the left side of the bottom of the repair liquid storage box.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the geological soil integrated restoration device, the provided feed hopper, the restoration liquid metering and adding component and the restoration box are matched, the upper part of the restoration box is utilized to directly add the restoration liquid into the restoration box by utilizing the gravity of geological soil, the restoration liquid can be added, the flow of the restoration liquid can be automatically metered during addition, the metering flow is utilized to facilitate personnel to accurately control the addition amount, and the phenomenon of excessive or insufficient addition is effectively avoided;

2. According to the geological soil integrated restoration device, through the cooperation of the driving motor, the round rotating box, the rotating rods, the stirring blades and the peripheral self-rotation linkage assembly, when the driving motor is started, three rotating rods can be integrally and synchronously driven to turn around and rotate, stirring, mixing and restoration work of soil and restoration liquid is carried out, and a plurality of motor devices are not required to be independently arranged for turning around and rotating, so that long-term energy consumption and use cost are reduced, and energy conservation is improved;

3. This geological soil integration prosthetic devices, through driving motor, circle that sets up change box, driving motor, circle and change box, water pump and one-way spraying and washing the subassembly cooperation, can be after using integrative convenient quick to inside rotatory water spray wash the clearance, avoid remaining more soil impurity and solidify inside and influence the next time use, through the mode of washing the clearance in inside integrative rotation, improve the clean convenience to inside after using.

According to the utility model, a series of structures are arranged, so that soil and repair liquid can be conveniently added into the repair box, the flow of the repair liquid can be automatically measured when the repair liquid is added, the addition amount can be conveniently and accurately controlled by personnel, the phenomenon of excessive or insufficient addition is effectively avoided, the rotation and turnover of three rotating rods are conveniently and synchronously driven by a single drive body to carry out stirring, mixing and repair work, a plurality of motor devices are not required to be independently arranged for carrying out turnover and rotation work, the long-term energy consumption and the use cost are reduced, the energy conservation performance is improved, the cleaning of the internal rotation water spray washing after the use is conveniently, fast and integrally carried out, and the cleaning convenience of the internal rotation water spray washing after the use is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic overall perspective view of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a front cross-sectional structure of the present utility model;

fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion a in fig. 2 according to the present utility model.

In the figure: 1. repairing the box; 101. an electric heating jacket; 102. a discharge valve; 2. a feed hopper; 3. a round rotating box; 4. a one-way valve; 5. a spray head; 6. a rotating rod; 7. stirring the leaves; 8. a first gear; 9. a second gear; 10. an inner gear ring; 11. a driving motor; 12. a water pump; 13. a repair liquid storage tank; 14. a valve; 15. a liquid flow meter; 16. a first sealed bearing.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the geological soil integrated repairing device provided by the embodiment comprises a repairing device body, wherein the repairing device body comprises a repairing box 1 and an electric heating sleeve 101 fixedly sleeved in the repairing box 1, a discharge valve 102 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the repairing box 1 in a communicating manner, two symmetrically arranged inclined guide plates are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the repairing box 1, the discharge valve 102 is positioned between the two inclined guide plates, a feed hopper 2 is fixedly connected to the left side of the top of the repairing box 1 in a communicating manner, and the feeding hopper 2 is arranged at the upper part so as to facilitate automatic downward feeding by directly utilizing the gravity of geological soil;

The top inner wall of the repairing box 1 is provided with a round rotating box 3 with an opening at the top in a sealing and rotating manner, the bottom of the repairing box 1 is provided with four supporting legs in an annular equidistant fixedly connected manner, the top inner wall of the repairing box 1 is fixedly connected with a first sealing bearing 16, the inner ring of the first sealing bearing 16 is fixedly sleeved with the outer side of the round rotating box 3, the first sealing bearing 16 has the effect of sealing and rotating the round rotating box 3, the bottom of the round rotating box 3 is fixedly connected with three rotating rods 6 in an equidistant manner, three rotating holes are formed in the inner wall of the bottom of the round rotating box 3, a second sealing bearing is fixedly sleeved in the rotating holes, the inner ring of the second sealing bearing is fixedly sleeved with the outer side of the corresponding rotating rod 6, the effect of rotating and installing the rotating rod 6 is achieved, two sides of the rotating rod 6 are fixedly connected with a plurality of stirring blades 7, the outer sides of the stirring blades 7 are fixedly connected with a plurality of stirring teeth, the top ends of the three rotating rods 6 extend to the round rotating box 3 and are fixedly connected with a same rotary driving assembly, and a rotary driving assembly 11 is fixedly connected with the round rotating box 3 from the top to the round rotating box 3, and a rotary driving assembly is fixedly connected with the round rotating assembly 11, and the rotary driving assembly is fixedly connected with the round rotating box 3 from the top to the rotary driving assembly; the bottom of the round rotating box 3 is fixedly communicated with a plurality of unidirectional spraying and flushing components, the top of the repairing box 1 is fixedly provided with a water pump 12, the water outlet end of the water pump 12 extends into the round rotating box 3, and the unidirectional spraying and flushing components are used for carrying out rotary spraying and flushing on the inside when the water pump 12 is started and the round rotating box 3 rotates; the right side of the top of the repair box 1 is fixedly communicated with a repair liquid metering and adding assembly, and the repair liquid metering and adding assembly is used for adding repair liquid into the repair box 1 and metering and adding amount.

Specifically, the peripheral rotation and co-rotation linkage assembly comprises an inner gear ring 10, two first gears 8 and a second gear 9 which are arranged in the circular rotation box 3, wherein the top ends of rotating rods 6 positioned at two sides are respectively and fixedly connected with the bottoms of the two first gears 8, the top end of the rotating rod 6 positioned in the middle is fixedly connected with the bottom of the second gear 9, the second gear 9 is meshed between the two first gears 8, the center of the top of the second gear 9 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of an output shaft of a driving motor 11, the outer side of the inner gear ring 10 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the circular rotation box 3, and the repulsive sides of the two first gears 8 are respectively meshed with two inner sides of the inner gear ring 10; the inner gear ring 10, two first gears 8 and the second gears 9 are arranged to be matched, when the driving motor 11 starts to drive the second gears 9 to rotate, the second gears 9 drive the two first gears 8 meshed with the second gears to rotate in the same direction, the rotation directions of the second gears 9 and the first gears 8 are opposite, the second gears 9 and the two first gears 8 drive the three rotating rods 6 to synchronously rotate, the two first gears 8 drive the inner gear ring 10 to rotate, the inner gear ring 10 drives the rotary box 3 to rotate, the rotary box 3 drives the three rotating rods 6 to turn around, the three rotating rods 6 which rotate and turn around are utilized to drive the stirring blades 7 to rotate and stir, the rotation directions of the rotating rods 6 at two sides are opposite to the rotation directions of the stirring blades 6 at the middle, and therefore the stirring blades 7 at two sides are opposite to the rotation directions of the stirring blades 7 at the middle, and the effect of shearing and crushing soil can be formed.

Further, the one-way spraying and flushing assembly comprises a one-way valve 4 communicated and fixed on the inner wall of the bottom of the round rotating box 3, the one-way valve 4 is arranged in an outward inclined mode, and a spraying head 5 is communicated and fixed at the bottom of the one-way valve 4; the check valve 4 and the sprinkler head 5 that set up cooperate, can drive a plurality of sprinkler heads 5 through a plurality of check valves 4 when the round rotating box 3 rotates and rotate, when opening water pump 12 and drawing outside water and pump sending to the round rotating box 3 in, water sprays the washing work of washing to inside rotatory spraying in proper order through a plurality of pivoted check valves 4 and sprinkler head 5 blowout, plays the effect of convenient after the use integrative convenient quick to inside clearance.

Further, the repairing liquid metering and adding assembly comprises a repairing liquid storage tank 13 fixedly arranged on the right side of the top of the repairing tank 1, wherein an L-shaped support is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the repairing tank 1, the top of the L-shaped support is fixedly connected with the left side of the bottom of the repairing liquid storage tank 13, the effect of fixedly supporting the repairing liquid storage tank 13 is achieved, a valve 14 is fixedly communicated with the right side of the bottom of the repairing liquid storage tank 13, a liquid flow meter 15 is fixedly communicated with the bottom end of the valve 14, and a liquid outlet of the liquid flow meter 15 is fixedly communicated with the interior of the repairing tank 1; the valve 14, the liquid flow meter 15 and the repair liquid storage tank 13 that set up cooperate, open valve 14, repair liquid in the repair liquid storage tank 13 gets into repair case 1 through valve 14 and liquid flow meter 15 in proper order and is mixed by the stirring and repair the operation in soil, detects and show repair liquid flow through liquid flow meter 15, makes things convenient for the accurate control of personnel to add the volume, plays the effect that prevents too much or too little interpolation.

The application method of the embodiment is as follows: when geological soil is restored, the soil to be restored is added into the restoration box 1 through the feed hopper 2, the gravity of the geological soil is directly utilized to automatically feed downwards conveniently by utilizing the mode that the feed hopper 2 is directly arranged at the upper part, the valve 14 is opened, restoration liquid in the restoration liquid storage box 13 enters the restoration box 1 sequentially through the valve 14 and the liquid flow meter 15, the liquid flow meter 15 detects and displays the flow of the restoration liquid, when the required adding amount is reached, a person directly closes the valve 14, and the mode of detecting the flow of the restoration liquid when the restoration liquid is added is adopted, so that the person can conveniently and accurately control the adding amount, and the phenomenon of excessive or insufficient adding is effectively avoided;

The driving motor 11 is started to drive the second gear 9 to rotate, the second gear 9 drives the two first gears 8 meshed with the second gear 9 to rotate in the same direction, at the moment, the second gear 9 and the two first gears 8 drive the three rotating rods 6 to synchronously rotate, the two first gears 8 also drive the inner gear ring 10 meshed with the two first gears 8 to rotate when rotating, the inner gear ring 10 drives the rotary box 3 to rotate, the rotary box 3 drives the three rotating rods 6 to turn around when rotating, the three rotating rods 6 which rotate and turn around are utilized to drive the stirring blades 7 to rotate, the stirring blades 7 which rotate stir and mix soil and repair liquid to repair soil, and as the rotation directions of the two first gears 8 and the second gears 9 are opposite, the rotating directions of the rotating rods 6 at two sides are opposite to those of the rotating rod 6 in the middle, so that the stirring blades 7 at two sides are opposite to the rotating directions of the stirring blades 7 at the middle can further form an effect of shearing and crushing soil, the uniform mixing effect is improved, the three rotating rods 6 are synchronously driven by the independent driving motor 11 and the rotation and the turnover motor are independently arranged, the energy-saving and the turnover cost is reduced;

After restoration, open discharge valve 102 and discharge soil, to inside clearance time, be connected water inlet and outside water supply pipe with water pump 12, open water pump 12 and driving motor 11, driving motor 11 drives circle commentaries on classics box 3 once more when starting, three bull stick 6 and a plurality of stirring leaf 7 rotate, it rotates to drive a plurality of sprinkler heads 5 through a plurality of check valves 4 when changeing the box 3 and rotate, extract outside water and pump up to the circle when the water pump 12 starts in changeing box 3, the rotatory blowout of water through a plurality of pivoted check valves 4 and sprinkler heads 5 in proper order, rotatory spun water is to repair the inside of case 1 and stirring leaf 7 rotatory spraying washing clearance, realize the integrative convenient quick effect to inside clearance after using, avoid remaining more soil impurity and solidify inside and influence the next time and use, and through the mode of washing clearance is washed in inside integrative rotation, improve the inside clean convenience after the use.

Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a geological soil integration prosthetic devices, includes prosthetic devices body, prosthetic devices body is including repairing case (1) and fixed suit electric heating jacket (101) in repairing case (1), the bottom intercommunication of repairing case (1) is fixed with relief valve (102), and fixedly connected with is two oblique baffle that symmetry set up on the bottom inner wall of repairing case (1), and relief valve (102) are located between two oblique baffle, its characterized in that: a feed hopper (2) is fixedly communicated with the left side of the top of the repair box (1);

The device is characterized in that a round rotating box (3) with an opening at the top is installed on the inner wall of the top of the repairing box (1) in a sealing and rotating mode, three rotating rods (6) are connected to the bottom of the round rotating box (3) in an equidistant rotating mode, a plurality of stirring blades (7) are fixedly connected to two sides of each rotating rod (6), a plurality of stirring teeth are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the stirring blades (7), the top ends of the three rotating rods (6) extend into the round rotating box (3) and are fixedly connected with the same peripheral synchronous rotating linkage assembly, the peripheral synchronous rotating linkage assembly is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the round rotating box (3), and a driving motor (11) with an output shaft fixedly connected with the peripheral synchronous rotating linkage assembly is fixedly installed at the top of the repairing box (1);

The bottom of the round rotating box (3) is fixedly connected with a plurality of unidirectional spraying and flushing assemblies, the top of the repairing box (1) is fixedly provided with a water pump (12), and the water outlet end of the water pump (12) extends into the round rotating box (3);

the right side of the top of the repair box (1) is communicated and fixed with a repair liquid metering and adding assembly.

2. The geological soil integrated restoration device as defined in claim 1, wherein: the circumference is from rotating linkage assembly including setting up ring gear (10), two first gears (8) and second gear (9) in round rotating box (3), be located both sides the top of bull stick (6) respectively with the bottom fixed connection of two first gears (8), the top of bull stick (6) in the middle and the bottom fixed connection of second gear (9), second gear (9) meshing is between two first gears (8), the top center department of second gear (9) and the output shaft bottom fixed connection of driving motor (11), the outside of ring gear (10) and the inner wall fixed connection of round rotating box (3), the inside both sides meshing of ring gear (10) are respectively to one side that two first gears (8) repel.

3. A geological soil integrated repair device according to claim 2, wherein: the one-way spraying and flushing assembly comprises a one-way valve (4) which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the round rotating box (3), the one-way valve (4) is arranged in an outward inclined mode, and a spraying head (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the one-way valve (4).

4. A geological soil integrated remediation device according to claim 3 wherein: the repair liquid metering and adding assembly comprises a repair liquid storage box (13) fixedly arranged on the right side of the top of the repair box (1), a valve (14) is fixedly communicated with the right side of the bottom of the repair liquid storage box (13), a liquid flow meter (15) is fixedly communicated with the bottom of the valve (14), and a liquid outlet of the liquid flow meter (15) is fixedly communicated with the inside of the repair box (1).

5. The geological soil integrated restoration device as defined in claim 1, wherein: the stirring blades (7) on the rotating rod (6) positioned in the middle are staggered with the stirring blades (7) on the rotating rod (6) positioned at the outer side one by one.

6. The geological soil integrated restoration device as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of repair case (1) is annular equidistant fixedly connected with four landing legs, fixedly connected with first sealed bearing (16) on the top inner wall of repair case (1), the fixed suit in the outside of the inner circle of first sealed bearing (16) and round box (3).

7. The geological soil integrated restoration apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the right side of the top of the repair box (1) is fixedly connected with an L-shaped support, and the top of the L-shaped support is fixedly connected with the left side of the bottom of the repair liquid storage box (13).