CN221039495U - Polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance optical fiber - Google Patents

Polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance optical fiber Download PDF

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CN221039495U
CN221039495U CN202322050266.4U CN202322050266U CN221039495U CN 221039495 U CN221039495 U CN 221039495U CN 202322050266 U CN202322050266 U CN 202322050266U CN 221039495 U CN221039495 U CN 221039495U
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hollow
core
fiber
polarization
capillary
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罗卓昭
郑羽
殷若琛
江昕
陈思卯
邹琪琳
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Aifeibo Ningbo Optoelectronic Technology Co ltd
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Aifeibo Ningbo Optoelectronic Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The utility model provides a polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance optical fiber, which relates to the technical field of optical fibers and comprises the following components: the anti-resonance layer comprises a plurality of hollow capillaries which are not contacted with each other, each hollow capillary is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve, and each hollow capillary surrounds to form an elliptical fiber core area. The method has the beneficial effects that the birefringence with proper magnitude is introduced by forming the elliptic fiber core area in the hollow anti-resonance fiber, so that the capability of the fiber for keeping the coupling between the original polarization states not to be obviously increased under external interference such as fiber bending is enhanced; the proper birefringence is introduced to avoid the defects of high transmission loss, narrow light guide interval, high coupling degree of a polarization mode and the like, better preserve the intrinsic advantage of the resonance hollow fiber, and simultaneously introduce excellent polarization-preserving performance, so that the fiber can be applied to applications such as precise fiber interferometers, high-quality laser transmission and the like.

Description

Polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance optical fiber
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of optical fibers, in particular to a polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance optical fiber.
Background
The polarization state of light and its maintenance and evolution are of great research importance in many research directions involving optics. When tools such as high performance interferometers, optical frequency combs, and coherent optical communication systems are used, the transmitted beam is required to have as high spatial polarization purity as possible. The polarization-maintaining optical fiber can inhibit the influence of crosstalk between uncontrollable polarization modes introduced by external disturbance on transmission light by artificially designing an optical fiber structure, so that the light keeps its polarization state for transmission. The key to polarization maintaining performance in solid core optical fibers is that the coupling between polarization modes of the optical fibers at rest or under external interference is as small as possible by appropriate material and structural design. In general, the degree of coupling of polarization modes per unit length in an optical fiber is characterized by an h-parameter, all referred to as holding-parameter, which refers to the degree of coupling of light from one polarization state to another per unit length, the smaller this value the better.
The hollow fiber utilizes the advantage of air light guide, and the design of a specific microstructure of the hollow fiber realizes that more than 99% of light is limited in an intermediate air hole to propagate, so that the overlapping of an optical field and a quartz area is reduced. Therefore, these features also offer advantages over solid core fibers such as large mode field, low dispersion, low nonlinearity, high laser damage threshold, and high flexibility in filling liquids or gases. Therefore, the hollow fiber has wider application in the fields of high-precision interference sensing, high-power laser transmission, biochemical analysis and the like.
However, the problem of introducing polarization maintaining characteristics into hollow-core antiresonant fibers while maintaining their excellent combination properties has not been solved at present. It has been reported that the h-parameter of a solid core polarization maintaining fiber is about 10 -7, while the optimal h-parameter of a polarization maintaining hollow core bandgap fiber is on the order of 10 -6. Neither high nor very low birefringence values appear to solve this problem. This results in a lack of effective polarization maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber designs, preparations, and schemes for efficiently achieving polarization maintaining.
Disclosure of utility model
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance optical fiber, which comprises the following components:
The anti-resonance layer comprises a plurality of hollow capillaries which are not contacted with each other, the hollow capillaries are connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve, and the hollow capillaries surround to form an elliptical fiber core area.
Preferably, each of the hollow capillaries is symmetrically distributed about the major and minor axes of the elliptical core region.
Preferably, the outer sleeve is circular, and a plurality of supporting units are further arranged between the antiresonant layer and the outer sleeve, and each supporting unit is respectively connected with each hollow capillary on the short axis of the elliptical fiber core and the inner wall of the outer sleeve.
Preferably, the ratio of the length of the minor axis to the length of the major axis of the elliptical core region is in the range of 0.1 to 0.9.
Preferably, the hollow capillary is one of a circle, an ellipse, a regular polygon or an irregular polygon.
Preferably, when the hollow capillary is fan-shaped, the fan-shaped radius of the hollow capillary in the long axis direction of the elliptical fiber core region is larger than the fan-shaped radius of the hollow capillary in the short axis direction.
Preferably, two sides of each hollow capillary tube are respectively provided with a supporting unit, and each supporting unit is respectively and correspondingly connected with the edge where the radius of each hollow capillary tube is located and the inner wall of the outer sleeve.
Preferably, the outer sleeve, the supporting unit and the hollow capillary are prepared from silicon dioxide, heavy metal oxide glass, sulfide glass, selenide glass, telluride glass or high molecular polymers.
Preferably, the wall thickness of each hollow capillary is the same, and the wall thickness of each hollow capillary is 0.2 μm-2 μm.
Preferably, the length of the minor axis of the elliptical core region is no less than 30 μm and the length of the major axis of the elliptical core region is no greater than 80 μm.
The technical scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effects: by introducing birefringence of proper magnitude into the hollow anti-resonance optical fiber, the capability of the optical fiber for maintaining coupling between original polarization states not to be increased significantly under external interference such as optical fiber bending is enhanced; meanwhile, due to the fact that proper birefringence is introduced, the defects of high transmission loss, narrowing of a light guide interval, high coupling degree of a polarization mode and the like caused by the fact that high birefringence is introduced into the hollow fiber are avoided, the intrinsic advantage of the resonance type hollow fiber is well saved, and meanwhile, excellent polarization-maintaining performance is introduced, so that the fiber can be suitable for applications such as a precise fiber interferometer and high-quality laser transmission.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber according to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber according to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber according to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber according to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber according to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of a polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the polarization extinction ratio test and the corresponding polarization coupling coefficient results for polarization maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fibers under different bending radii according to a preferred embodiment of the utility model.
Detailed Description
The utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present utility model is not limited to the embodiment, and other embodiments may fall within the scope of the present utility model as long as they conform to the gist of the present utility model.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, based on the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, there is now provided a polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
The anti-resonance layer 2 is wrapped in the outer sleeve 1, the anti-resonance layer 2 comprises a plurality of hollow capillaries 21 which are not contacted with each other, each hollow capillary 21 is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 1, and each hollow capillary 21 surrounds and forms an elliptical fiber core region 3.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the hollow capillary 21 surrounds the hollow anti-resonant fiber to form the elliptical fiber core region 3, and the weak birefringence magnitude of the polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonant fiber introduced by the structural design is between 10 -6 and 10 -7, and the birefringence is sufficient to resist the birefringence caused by external bending in the hollow fiber; the weak birefringent hollow anti-resonant fiber benefits from the anti-resonant light guiding principle, the overlap of the mode field of the transmitted light and the wall of the hollow capillary 21 is lower than 99.99%, the coupling between two polarization modes is naturally very low, and under different bending diameters of 15 to 80cm, the polarization mode coupling coefficient of the polarization-preserving hollow anti-resonant fiber obtained by experimental tests in the embodiment is not higher than 10 -8, that is, the birefringent magnitude of the polarization-preserving hollow anti-resonant relationship in the embodiment can be increased by 10 -8-10-10 to the power of 10 -6 to 10 -7 on the basis of the bending, but the influence caused by bending is worse by two orders of magnitude, so that the influence on the birefringent magnitude of the polarization-preserving hollow anti-resonant fiber during bending can be ignored.
Meanwhile, due to the introduction of proper birefringence, the defects of high transmission loss, narrow light guide interval, high polarization mode coupling degree and the like caused by the introduction of high birefringence in the hollow fiber by the predecessor are avoided, the intrinsic advantage of the anti-resonant hollow fiber can be better exerted, and excellent polarization-maintaining performance is introduced on the basis, so that the fiber can be suitable for applications such as a precise fiber interferometer, high-quality laser transmission and the like.
As shown in FIG. 6, the polarization extinction ratio test and the corresponding polarization coupling coefficient result graph of the polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance optical fiber of the utility model under different bending radiuses are shown.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the outer sleeve 1 is circular, and a plurality of supporting units 4 are further included between the antiresonant layer 2 and the outer sleeve 1, and each supporting unit 4 is connected to each hollow capillary 21 on the short axis of the elliptical core region 3 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 1 respectively.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the ratio of the length of the minor axis to the length of the major axis of the elliptical core region 3 is in the range of 0.1-0.9.
Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, when the outer sleeve 1 is elliptical, the hollow capillary 21 directly contacts the inner wall of the outer sleeve 1, and the core area formed by surrounding is elliptical, so that the support unit 4 is not needed;
As shown in fig. 2, 3, 4, and 5, when the outer sleeve 1 is circular, a supporting unit 4 needs to be disposed between the hollow capillary 21 and the outer sleeve 1, and in fig. 2 and 3, a supporting unit 4 is disposed between two hollow capillaries 21 symmetrical on the short axis of the elliptical core region 3 and the outer sleeve 1, so that the core region formed by surrounding each hollow capillary 4 is elliptical; as shown in fig. 4, the support unit 4 may include support tubes of various sizes, and is disposed between each hollow capillary 21 and the outer sleeve 1 to achieve a more stable support effect, so that the core region becomes elliptical.
Each hollow capillary 21 is symmetrically distributed about the major axis and the minor axis of the elliptical core region 3, and the symmetrical distribution structure makes the overall structure more stable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the hollow capillary 21 is one of a circle, an ellipse, a fan, a regular polygon, or an irregular polygon.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, when the hollow capillary 21 is in a fan shape, the fan-shaped radius of the hollow capillary 21 in the major axis direction of the elliptical core region 3 is larger than the fan-shaped radius of the hollow capillary 21 in the minor axis direction.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, a supporting unit 4 is respectively disposed on two sides of each hollow capillary 21, and each supporting unit 4 is respectively connected to a side where a radius of each hollow capillary 21 is located and an inner wall of the outer sleeve 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow capillary 21 may also be a sector, the sector radius of two sectors on the minor axis of the elliptical core region 3 is larger than the sector radius of two sectors on the major axis, and a supporting unit 4 is disposed between the side where the sector radius is located and the outer sleeve 1;
The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that the oval core region 3 in this embodiment is that the radius of each fan is adjusted so that the fans on the left and right sides are larger than the fans on the upper and lower sides, so that the central core region 3 is oval, whereas in the previous embodiment, the supporting unit 4 is added to make the hollow capillaries 21 on the left and right sides fold toward the middle, so that the core region 3 is changed into the fan shape, and the implementation principle of the two is different, but the final goal is that the central core region is changed into the oval, so that the birefringence of the order of 10 -6 to 10 -7 is introduced.
Besides, the hollow capillary 21 may be elliptical, regular polygonal or irregular polygonal, and the number and size of the supporting tubes are correspondingly adjusted to achieve better supporting effect.
The outer sleeve 1, the supporting unit 4 and the hollow capillary 21 are made of silicon dioxide, heavy metal oxide glass, sulfide glass, selenide glass, telluride glass or high molecular polymer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the wall thickness of each of the hollow capillaries 21 is the same, and the wall thickness of each of the hollow capillaries 21 is 0.2 μm to 2 μm.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the wall thickness of each hollow capillary 21 is the same, and the hollow capillaries with different wall thicknesses are not required to be adopted as in the conventional process, so that the difference and uniformity of the wall thicknesses of the hollow capillaries 21 are required to be strictly controlled, so that the difficulty of the preparation process is increased, and in this embodiment, only a plurality of hollow capillaries 21 with the same wall thickness are required to be manufactured by adopting the same preparation method and are applied to the polarization-maintaining hollow antiresonance optical fiber in this embodiment, so that the difficulty of the preparation process is greatly reduced, and the loss in the preparation process of the optical fiber can be reduced; and the hollow capillary 21 with the same wall thickness can avoid the problem of narrowing the effective transmission interval of the optical fiber caused by the hollow capillary 21 with different wall thicknesses.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the length of the minor axis of the elliptical core region 3 is not less than 30 μm, and the length of the major axis of the elliptical core region 3 is not more than 80 μm.
Specifically, in this embodiment, by adjusting the overall structure size of the polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber and the wall thickness of the hollow-core capillary 21, the length of the minor axis of the elliptical core region 3 is not less than 30 μm, and the length of the major axis of the elliptical core region 3 is not more than 80 μm, and the wall thickness is between 0.2 μm and 2 μm, so as to introduce weak birefringence between 10 -6 and 10 -7 times;
The weak birefringence hollow anti-resonance fiber benefits from the anti-resonance light guiding principle, light mainly propagates in the hollow fiber core, the overlap of the optical mode field and the hollow capillary wall in the hollow anti-resonance fiber is calculated to be lower than 99.99%, and the coupling between two polarization modes is naturally very low in a non-interference state.
When the outer sleeve 1 is elliptical, as in the case of the elliptical hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber of fig. 2 and 3, the birefringence caused by bending includes stress and birefringence caused by geometric deformation. Since the overlap of the cladding quartz capillary and the intermediate transmission optical field in the hollow fiber is less than 0.0001%, the stress induced birefringence based on the photoelastic effect is as low as 10 -10 orders of magnitude, which is basically negligible. In the case of macroscopic bending, the refractive index profile of a bent fiber can be equivalently converted into a non-uniform refractive index profile under a straight fiber using a conformal transformation, and the equivalent refractive index can be written as:
neq(x,y)=n(x,y)[1+(x·cosθ+y·sinθ)/R]
Where x, y are the coordinates of the cross section of the hollow fiber, n (x, y) is the effective refractive index profile of the hollow fiber in a flat state, R represents the bending radius toward the +x axis, and θ represents the angle between the bending direction and the +x axis. The equivalent refractive index distribution is put into calculation, and the birefringence caused by the geometric structure change of the optical fiber in the bending state is obtained to be in the order of 10 -8 to 10 -10. Therefore, the weak birefringence of 10 -6 to 10 -7 times is introduced into the hollow fiber through the structural design, so that the birefringence caused by external macroscopic bending in the hollow fiber is enough resisted, and the fiber has good bending resistance;
And (3) testing the polarization extinction ratio of the 10m long optical fiber by using a polarization maintaining fiber test under different bending diameters of 15 to 80cm, so as to obtain the h-parameter. The polarization mode coupling coefficient of the polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance fiber obtained by experimental test is from 3.82 multiplied by 10 -9 to 1.17 multiplied by 10 -8, and under different bending conditions, the polarization mode coupling degree is not higher than the power of 10 -8 and is lower by an order of magnitude than that reported by commercial polarization-maintaining fiber; that is, the polarization maintaining hollow-core antiresonance relationship of this embodiment increases the magnitude of birefringence in the bending case by 10 -8 to 10 -10 on the basis of 10 -6 to 10 -7, but this effect is two orders of magnitude worse, and it can be seen that the effect on the magnitude of birefringence of the polarization maintaining hollow-core antiresonance fiber in this embodiment is negligible when bending.
In the preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the outer sleeve 1, the supporting unit 4 and the hollow capillary 21 are made of silicon dioxide, heavy metal oxide glass, sulfide glass, selenide glass, telluride glass or high molecular polymer.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the preparation method of the hollow polarization maintaining anti-resonance optical fiber includes:
firstly, selecting an outer sleeve 1 with proper thickness, and uniformly distributing hollow capillaries 21 (or hollow closed cavities) on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 1 in a ring shape as an anti-resonance layer 2; under a specific structure, it is necessary to arrange capillary rods (hollow or solid) of different sizes in order as the supporting unit 4, so that the oval core region 3 can be formed while maintaining the stable positions of all the hollow capillaries 4, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, to form a stable stack.
Then, the stack structure is drawn on a drawing tower, and in order to form a desired structure, the hollow capillary 21 of the antiresonant layer, the hollow elliptic fiber core region 3, the gaps among the capillary rods and the like are selectively divided and controlled by utilizing the multi-channel air hole unit in the drawing process, so that the desired geometric shape and parameters can be achieved while the structural stability is maintained.
FIG. 6 is a view of a polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber under a scanning electron microscope, wherein the birefringence test is of the order of 10 -6 times; under different bending diameters of 15 to 80cm, the polarization mode coupling coefficient of the polarization-preserving hollow-core anti-resonant fiber obtained by experimental test is not higher than the power of 10 -8, which is an order of magnitude lower than the polarization mode coupling degree of commercial panda-type solid polarization-preserving fiber, better saves the intrinsic advantages of wide transmission interval, high mode purity and the like of the anti-resonant hollow-core fiber, and is expected to be suitable for applications of precise fiber interferometers, high-quality laser transmission and the like.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the embodiments and scope of the present utility model, and it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that equivalent substitutions and obvious variations may be made using the description and illustrations herein, which should be included in the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. A polarization maintaining hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber, comprising:
An outer sleeve, wherein an anti-resonance layer is wrapped in the outer sleeve, the anti-resonance layer comprises a plurality of hollow capillaries which are not contacted with each other, each hollow capillary is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve, and each hollow capillary surrounds to form an elliptical fiber core region;
The outer sleeve is circular, a plurality of supporting units are further arranged between the anti-resonant layer and the outer sleeve, and each supporting unit is respectively connected with each hollow capillary on the short axis of the elliptical fiber core area and the inner wall of the outer sleeve.
2. The polarization maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 1, wherein each of said hollow-core capillaries is symmetrically distributed about the major and minor axes of said elliptical core region.
3. The polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length of the minor axis to the length of the major axis of the elliptical core region is in the range of 0.1-0.9.
4. The polarization maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 1, wherein the hollow-core capillary is one of circular, elliptical, regular polygonal, or irregular polygonal.
5. The polarization maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber according to claim 1, wherein when the hollow-core capillary is fan-shaped, the fan-shaped radius of the hollow-core capillary in the long axis direction of the elliptical fiber region is larger than the fan-shaped radius of the hollow-core capillary in the short axis direction.
6. The polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonance fiber according to claim 5, wherein two sides of each hollow-core capillary tube are respectively provided with a supporting unit, and each supporting unit is respectively and correspondingly connected with the edge where the radius of each hollow-core capillary tube is located and the inner wall of the outer sleeve.
7. The polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber according to claim 6, wherein the outer jacket tube, the support unit and the hollow-core capillary tube are made of silica, heavy metal oxide glass, sulfide glass, selenide glass, telluride glass or high molecular polymers.
8. The polarization maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 1, wherein the wall thickness of each hollow-core capillary is the same and the wall thickness of each hollow-core capillary is 0.2 μm-2 μm.
9. The polarization-maintaining hollow-core antiresonant fiber of claim 1, wherein the length of the minor axis of the elliptical core region is no less than 30 μm and the length of the major axis of the elliptical core region is no greater than 80 μm.
CN202322050266.4U 2023-08-01 2023-08-01 Polarization-maintaining hollow anti-resonance optical fiber Active CN221039495U (en)

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