CN220967906U

CN220967906U - Endoscope

Info

Publication number: CN220967906U
Application number: CN202320179359.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈建发; 郝成龙; 谭凤泽; 朱健
Original assignee: Shenzhen Metalenx Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Metalenx Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-01-18
Filing date: 2023-01-18
Publication date: 2024-05-17
Anticipated expiration: 2033-01-18

Abstract

The disclosure provides an endoscope, which belongs to the technical field of detection equipment. Comprising the following steps: a probe, a cable and an image processing device; the probe comprises a light source and a lens; the light source is used for illumination of the detection area; the lens comprises a zoom super lens and an image sensor, wherein the zoom super lens is positioned between the image sensor and the detection area and is used for receiving light reflected by an object and converging the light to a light sensitive surface of the image sensor; an image sensor configured to receive light converged by the zoom superlens and convert the light into an electrical signal; two ends of the cable are respectively and electrically connected with the probe and the image processing device, and the electric signals are transmitted from the image sensor to the image processing device through the cable; the image processing device processes the electric signals, reconstructs an image of the detection area, and sends a feedback signal to the zoom superlens based on imaging quality, wherein the feedback signal is at least used for adjusting the focal length of the zoom superlens. The present disclosure enables zooming and imaging based on superlenses, enabling a reduction in the volume of an endoscope probe.

Description

Endoscope

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of detection equipment, and in particular relates to an endoscope.

Background

The endoscope is a nondestructive testing tool, is widely applied to different fields of machinery, automobile manufacturing, maintenance and repair and the like in industry, and can detect conditions of the inner surface and the outer surface of a part or an instrument by adopting a tiny probe without disassembling the detected part or instrument, for example, detect welding quality such as weld surface defects, weld surface cracks, incomplete penetration, welding leakage and the like, or detect defects such as inner cavity cracks, scratches, pits, corrosion and the like. In order to improve the performance of an endoscope, a zoom system is generally used to achieve clear imaging of objects over a range of distances.

The existing endoscope generally adopts a traditional lens group and external control devices such as a motor or a hydraulic control device to change the focal length, has a complex structure and large space occupation, and has the requirement of applying the endoscope to a more tiny detection scene.

Disclosure of utility model

To solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present utility model provides an endoscope including:

a probe, a transmission device, and an image processing device;

the probe comprises a light source and a lens;

The light source is used for illumination of the detection area;

the lens includes a zoom superlens and an image sensor, wherein

The zoom superlens is positioned between the image sensor and the detection area and is used for receiving light rays reflected by an object and converging the light rays to a light sensitive surface of the image sensor;

the image sensor receives the light converged by the zoom super lens and converts the light into an electric signal;

Two ends of the cable are respectively and electrically connected with the probe and the image processing device, and the electric signals are transmitted from the image sensor to the image processing device through the cable;

The image processing device processes the electric signals, reconstructs an image of the detection area, and sends a feedback signal to the zoom superlens based on imaging quality, wherein the feedback signal is at least used for adjusting the focal length of the zoom superlens.

Optionally, the zoom superlens comprises a substrate, a phase-change nanostructure, and a first electrode layer;

the first electrode layer is arranged on one side of the substrate; the phase change nano structure is arranged on one side of the first electrode layer far away from the substrate.

Optionally, the zoom superlens comprises a substrate, a non-phase change nanostructure, a first electrode layer, a liquid crystal layer and a second electrode layer;

The first electrode layer is arranged on one side of the substrate;

the non-phase-change nano structure is arranged on one side of the first electrode layer far away from the substrate;

The liquid crystal layer is filled between the non-phase-change nano structures, and along the height axis of the non-phase-change nano structures, the height of the liquid crystal layer is larger than that of the non-phase-change nano structures;

The second electrode layer is arranged on one side of the liquid crystal layer away from the substrate.

Optionally, the light source is an optical fiber conductive light source, and the cable comprises a conductive optical fiber.

Optionally, the image sensor is a charge coupled device sensor or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor.

Optionally, the image processing means reconstruct an image of the detection region by means of noise reduction or edge enhancement.

Optionally, the light source further comprises: a point cloud generating device;

The point cloud generating device is arranged on the light emitting side of the light source and diffracts the radiation emitted by the light source to generate point cloud;

The image sensor receives the point cloud signal transmitted through the zoom super lens and converts the point cloud signal into an electric signal;

The image processing device processes the electric signals and reconstructs a three-dimensional image of the detection area.

Optionally, the point cloud generating means comprises a diffractive optical element (DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS, DOE) or a super surface.

Alternatively, the light source is arranged in juxtaposition with the lens, or the light source is arranged around the lens.

Optionally, the zoom superlens comprises nanostructures; the nanostructure has a characteristic dimension greater than or equal to 0.2λ _c and less than or equal to 0.8λ _c;λ_c being the center wavelength of the incident radiation.

In the scheme provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the super lens is adopted to replace the traditional lens group, and the super lens is a micro-nano scale device, so that the volume of the endoscope probe can be reduced due to small volume and simple structure; furthermore, the phase of the superlens is regulated and controlled by adopting an electric signal, so that the focal length of the superlens can be directly regulated, an additional motor or a hydraulic control device is not required, and the overall structure of the endoscope is simplified.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present utility model more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of one embodiment of an endoscope provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a probe of one embodiment of an endoscope provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an operating environment for one embodiment of an endoscope provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a nanostructure arrangement of a supersurface according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of nanostructures in a supersurface according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a nanostructure arrangement of a variable focus superlens according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of focal length calculation of a zoom superlens according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a focal length adjustment of a zoom superlens according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a zoom superlens including non-phase-change nanostructures according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a zoom superlens including a phase-change nanostructure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

List of reference numerals:

10-probe, 11-light source, 12-lens, 121-zoom superlens, 122-image sensor,

1210-Substrate, 1211-first electrode layer, 1212-second electrode layer, 1213-nanostructure, 122-image sensor, 1235-liquid crystal layer, 20-cable, 30-image processing device, 60-detection region.

Detailed Description

The present application now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments are shown. The application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Also, in the drawings, the thickness, ratio, and size of the parts are exaggerated for clarity of illustration.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, "a," "an," "the," and "at least one" are not meant to limit the amount, but are intended to include both the singular and the plural. For example, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the meaning of "a component" is the same as "at least one component". The "at least one" should not be construed as limited to the number "one". "or" means "and/or". The term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Terms as defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having the same meaning as the relevant art context and are not interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

The meaning of "comprising" or "including" indicates a property, quantity, step, operation, component, element, or combination thereof, but does not preclude other properties, quantities, steps, operations, components, elements, or combinations thereof.

Embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional illustrations that are idealized embodiments. Thus, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region shown or described as being flat may typically have rough and/or nonlinear features. Also, the acute angles shown may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments according to the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The traditional endoscope adopts the traditional lens group and mechanical focusing method, so that the probe has larger volume and complex structure, and cannot be applied to detection scenes which go deep into a narrow space. In view of this, the present application proposes an endoscope.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present utility model provides an endoscope including: a probe 10, a cable 20 and an image processing device 30. The endoscope may be used to detect the inner and outer surfaces of a component or instrument. In the endoscope provided by the embodiment of the present utility model, specific mounting positions of the probe 10, the cable 20, the image processing device 30, and the like may be set as actually required, and the embodiment of the present utility model is not limited thereto.

As shown in fig. 2, the probe 10 includes a light source 11 and a lens 12. The light source 11 may emit an outgoing light beam for illumination at a detection area 60, such as a darker scene, e.g. an instrument cavity, to enhance the brightness of the image field. In the embodiments and alternative embodiments of the present application, the light source 11 in the probe 10 may be at least an integrated high-brightness light emitting Diode (LIGHT EMITTING Diode, LED) or a light source using optical fiber conduction, so as to reduce the space occupied by the light source 11 at the probe 10 in the endoscope.

As shown in fig. 1, the lens 12 includes a zoom superlens 121 and an image sensor 122. Wherein the zoom superlens 121 is arranged between the image sensor 122 and the detection area 60; the image sensor 122 is configured to receive an optical signal reflected through a detection region of the zoom superlens 121 and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal. In the embodiment and the alternative embodiments of the present application, the image sensor 122 may be at least a Charge-coupled Device (CCD) sensor or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, CMOS) sensor to implement the conversion of the photoelectric signal.

As shown in fig. 1, the cable 20 electrically connects the probe 10 to the image processing device 30, and transmits an electric signal from the image sensor 122 to the image processing device 30. In the embodiment and the alternative embodiments of the present application, the cable 20 includes an electric wire to control the power supply of the light source 11, the focal length adjustment of the lens 12, and the transmission of the electric signal. Optionally, when the light source 11 is a light source employing optical fiber conduction, the construction of the cable 20 also includes a conductive optical fiber.

As shown in fig. 3, the cable 20 serves as a support for the probe 10, and the probe 10 maintains its position stable by the cable 20 during penetration into the detection zone 60. In embodiments and alternative embodiments of the present application, when the endoscope is used within a cable lumen or duct, the position of the detection zone 60 can be changed by changing the depth of the probe 10 by telescoping the cable 20 when it is desired to detect different zones. In some alternative embodiments, deflection of the probe may be effected by bending of the control cable to effect deflection of the scan direction.

As shown in fig. 1, the image processing device 30 is connected to the probe 10 via the cable 20, and the image processing device 30 processes the electric signal transmitted from the cable 20 and acquired from the probe 10, and reconstructs an image of the detection region. In embodiments and alternative embodiments of the present application, the image processing device 30 is configured to reconstruct the image of the detection region 60 by noise reduction or edge enhancement to obtain a clear image. Meanwhile, the image processing apparatus 30 may adjust the phase of the zoom superlens 121, thereby changing the focal length of the lens 12.

Optionally, if the endoscope requires three-dimensional stereo measurement of the detection area 60, the light source 11 may further comprise a point cloud generating device. The point cloud generating device is provided on the light emitting side of the light source, diffracts the light beam emitted from the light source to generate a point cloud, projects the point cloud into the surrounding environment, and reflects the point cloud emitted to the detection region 60 back to the zoom superlens 121 direction by an obstacle in the projection path of the point cloud. The image sensor 122 receives the point cloud signal transmitted through the zoom superlens 121 and converts the point cloud signal into an electrical signal, and the cable 20 transmits the electrical signal from the image sensor 122 to the image processing device 30, and the image processing device 30 processes the electrical signal to reconstruct a three-dimensional image of the detection area. Optionally, the point cloud generating means is a diffractive optic comprising a DOE or a super surface. Alternatively, when three-dimensional stereo measurement is performed, the operating bands of the light source and the lens include bands such as a visible light band and a near infrared band. In the embodiments and alternative embodiments of the present application, the superlens is provided as a supersurface, which is a layer of artificial nano-structured film with sub-wavelength, and the amplitude, phase and polarization of the incident light can be modulated by the nano-structure units disposed on the supersurface, where the nano-structure 1213 is understood to include all-dielectric or dielectric sub-wavelength structures capable of causing abrupt phase change, and the nano-structure units are the structural units centered on each nano-structure 1213 by dividing the superlens. The nanostructures 1213 are periodically arranged on the substrate 1210 in the superlens, wherein the nanostructures 1213 in each period constitute one super-structure unit, wherein the super-structure units are in a close-packed pattern, which may be, for example, regular quadrangles, regular hexagons, etc., each period contains a set of nanostructures, and the vertices and/or centers of the super-structure units may be provided with nanostructures, for example. In the case where the super-structure unit is a regular hexagon, at least one nanostructure 1213 is provided at each vertex and center position of the regular hexagon. Or in the case of a square, at least one nanostructure 1213 is provided at each vertex and center position of the square. Ideally, the super-structure units should be nano-structures 1213 arranged at the vertices and centers of a hexagon or nano-structures 1213 arranged at the vertices and centers of a square, and it should be understood that the nano-structures 1213 may be missing at the edges of the super-lens due to the limitation of the shape of the super-lens, so that the super-structure units may not satisfy the complete hexagon/square. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the super-structure units are formed by regularly arranging nano-structures, and a plurality of super-structure units are arranged in an array to form a super-surface structure.

As in the embodiment shown in fig. 4 (1), the super-structure unit includes a middle nanostructure 1213 and 6 surrounding nanostructures 1213 at equal distances therefrom, each of which is uniformly distributed along the circumference to form a regular hexagon, and it can also be understood that the regular triangles formed by the plurality of nanostructures 1213 are combined with each other.

As in one embodiment shown in fig. 4 (2), the super-structure unit includes one middle nanostructure 1213 and 4 surrounding nanostructures 1213 at equal distances therefrom, constituting a square.

The super-structure units and their close-packed/arrayed forms may also be in the form of a circumferentially arranged sector, as shown in fig. 4 (3), a sector comprising two arcuate sides, or a sector of one arcuate side, as shown in the lower left corner region in fig. 4 (3), with nanostructures 1213 disposed at the intersection and center of each side of the sector.

By way of example, the nanostructures 1213 provided by embodiments of the present application may be polarization-independent structures that impart a propagation phase to incident light. According to embodiments of the present application, the nanostructures may be positive structures or negative structures. For example, the shape of the nanostructures 1213 includes solid cylinders, hollow cylinders, solid square prisms, hollow square prisms, and the like. Fig. 5 (1) shows a schematic structural diagram of a nanostructure unit when the nanostructure is cylindrical.

By way of example, the nanostructures 1213 may be polarization dependent structures that impart a geometric phase to incident light. The nanostructures 1213 may be positive structures or negative structures. For example, the nanostructures 1213 may be elliptical pillars, nanofins, or the like. Fig. 5 (2) shows a schematic structural diagram of a nanostructure unit when the nanostructure 1213 is a nanofin. According to an embodiment of the application, the characteristic dimension of the nanostructure is greater than or equal to 0.2λ _c and less than or equal to 0.8λ _c;λ_c is the central wavelength of the incident radiation.

In the embodiment and the alternative embodiments of the present application, the zoom superlens 121 is a supersurface with focusing function. The structural units of the zoom superlens 121 are arranged in a ring shape, as shown in fig. 6, and the superstructural units of the zoom superlens 121 include one middle nanostructure and a plurality of nanostructures 1213 arranged in a ring shape around the circumference thereof. The nanostructures 1213 may be made of a phase change material or a non-phase change material, according to embodiments of the present application.

In the embodiment of the present application and the alternative embodiments, the phase distribution of the zoom superlens 121 satisfies:

Wherein as shown in figures 6 and 7, The phase of the i-th super-structure unit which is a distance r _i from the center of the zoom super-lens 121; f is the distance from the focal plane of the zoom superlens 121 to the zoom superlens 121; lambda is the operating wavelength of the zoom superlens 121.

In embodiments of the present application and various alternative embodiments, the zoom superlens 121 may be a tunable superlens. The tunable superlens includes phase-change nano-elements that change refractive index based on an applied stimulus, thereby tuning the phase distribution of the zoom superlens 121. The phase change nano unit is made of phase change material, and the crystalline state of the phase change material is changed under external excitation (such as heat, laser and external voltage), so that the dielectric constant is changed greatly. Therefore, during the operation of the endoscope, the light source 11 is turned on to illuminate the area in front of the probe 10, the light emitted by the light source 11 irradiates the detection area 60 and is reflected, the reflected light passes through the zoom superlens 121 to be imaged on the image sensor 122, and is transmitted to the image processing device 30 in the form of an electric signal to obtain a corresponding image, the observer or the image processor 30 can judge according to the quality and the range of the final imaging, give a feedback signal for adjusting the focal length, and control the zoom superlens 121 to zoom until the definition of the obtained image reaches the requirement, so that the conditions such as welding or defect of the detection area 60 can be accurately judged. In addition, the focal length can be adjusted according to the important areas to be detected so as to accurately image the important local areas.

As shown in fig. 8, in the embodiment of the present application and the alternative embodiments, the zoom superlens 121 changes the focal length under the action of the image processing apparatus 30. Specifically, the image processing apparatus 30 modulates the phase of each super-structural unit on the zoom super-lens 121Thereby changing the focal length of the zoom superlens 121. The image processing device 30 directly or indirectly applies excitation to the nanostructure elements of the zoom superlens 121, causing a change in phase change of the nanostructure elements. When the lens 12 takes the object at the object plane 1 as the detection area 60 and generates a clear image, the relationship between the distance l' ₁ from the object plane 1 to the zoom superlens 121, the distance l from the zoom superlens 121 to the image sensor 122, and the focal length f ₁ of the zoom superlens 121 can be expressed as:

When the detection area 60 is switched to the object plane 2, since the distance l from the zoom superlens 121 to the image sensor 122 is fixed, the focal length of the zoom superlens 121 can be adjusted to the focal length f ₂ to adapt to the distance l' ₂ from the object plane 1 to the zoom superlens 121, at this time:

In one embodiment thereof, optionally, the zoom superlens 121 includes: a first electrode layer 1211, a second electrode layer 1212, non-phase change nanostructures, and a liquid crystal layer 1235. As shown in fig. 9, the liquid crystal layer 1235 is filled between the non-phase-change nanostructures of the zoom superlens 121, and the height of the liquid crystal layer 1235 is greater than the height of the non-phase-change nanostructures along the height axis of the non-phase-change nanostructures. The first electrode layer 1211 is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer 1235 close to the substrate 1210, and the second electrode layer 1212 is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer 1235 away from the substrate 1210. The image processing device 30 regulates and controls the voltages applied to the liquid crystal layer 1235 by the first electrode layer 1211 and the second electrode layer 1212, so as to change the torsion angle of the liquid crystal structure in the liquid crystal layer 1235, and realize continuous zooming of the zoom superlens 121.

Ge _xSb_yTe_z (GST material for short) is a common phase change material, which is composed of three elements of germanium (Ge), antimony (Sb) and tellurium (Te), and is widely used in rewritable optical disk technology. Solid GST has two phases, crystalline and amorphous, and the dielectric constants of the two phases are greatly different.

When the amorphous GST temperature exceeds the crystallization temperature (at most 160 ℃ C.), the amorphous phase first changes to a metastable face-centered cubic crystal structure, similar to NaCl. If the temperature continues to rise, the metastable crystal structure will change to a stable hexagonal structure. The amorphous to crystalline phase change process can be accomplished by placing GST on a heated plate for heating, using laser pulse irradiation, applying voltage, etc.

In contrast, crystalline GST is heated to above its melting point (at about 640 ℃ C.) and liquefied, and then rapidly cooled to form amorphous GST. The whole cooling solidification process needs to be completed rapidly within 10ns, and if the solidification time is too long, the liquid GST has enough time to be recombined into a crystalline structure. In the case of laser applications, the phase transition of GST from crystalline to amorphous state often requires a short pulse (pulse width <10 ns) laser of relatively high power.

Once the phase change process of the GST crystalline or amorphous state is completed, the GST can remain in the crystalline or amorphous state after the phase change for a long time even if the external stimulus is removed and the ambient temperature is returned. The crystallization ratio of GST can be obtained by controlling physical parameters of the crystallization process, for example, amorphous GST is heated, and the crystallization ratio can be regulated by changing the heating temperature or heating time so as to obtain different refractive indexes.

In another embodiment, optionally, as shown in fig. 10, the zoom superlens 121 includes a phase-change nanostructure and a first electrode layer 1211 connected to the phase-change nanostructure. By applying a voltage to the first electrode layer 1211, an electrothermal effect is generated, so that the phase change of the connected phase change nano-units is changed, thereby regulating the zoom superlens 121 to achieve the required phase distribution, and further regulating the focal length of the zoom superlens 121.

In another embodiment, the zoom super lens 121 may optionally further include a laser device, and the laser device may directly provide pulsed laser to a specific phase change nano-unit on the zoom super lens 121, so as to regulate the zoom super lens 121 to achieve a desired phase distribution, and further adjust the focal length of the receiving zoom super lens 121.

In another embodiment, the tunable function of the zoom superlens 121 may also be implemented mechanically, for example by selecting a flexible substrate, and changing the period of the superlens by mechanical stretching to adjust and control the phase distribution, and in particular, the zoom superlens 121 is configured to: the substrate 1210 is made of stretchable material, the nano-structure is fixed on the substrate 1210, and the substrate 1210 is stretched or compressed by external mechanical equipment to change the interval between the nano-structures on the zoom super-lens 121, so as to change the phase of the zoom super-lens 121 and further adjust the focal length of the zoom super-lens 121.

It is to be understood that both the first electrode layer 1211 and the second electrode layer 1212 may be ITO layers, i.e., indium tin oxide layers. This is because ITO has good transmittance in the working band of the endoscope provided by the embodiment of the present application.

In the above embodiment and the preferred embodiment, the probe 10 of the endoscope adopts the superlens for imaging and focusing, so as to realize the detection function of the endoscope and reduce the volume of the probe and the complexity of the structure thereof.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about variations or alternatives within the scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An endoscope, the endoscope comprising:

a probe (10), a cable (20) and an image processing device (30);

the probe (10) comprises a light source (11) and a lens (12);

The light source (11) is used for illumination of a detection area;

The lens (12) comprises a zoom superlens (121) and an image sensor (122), wherein

The zoom superlens (121) is positioned between the image sensor (122) and the detection area and is used for receiving light rays reflected by an object and converging the light rays to a photosensitive surface of the image sensor (122);

-the image sensor (122) configured to receive the light rays converged by the zoom superlens (121) and to convert them into electrical signals;

Both ends of the cable (20) are respectively electrically connected with the probe (10) and the image processing device (30), and the electric signal is transmitted from the image sensor (122) to the image processing device (30) through the cable (20);

The image processing device (30) processes the electrical signals, reconstructs an image of the detection region, and sends a feedback signal to the zoom superlens (121) based on imaging quality, the feedback signal being used at least for adjusting the focal length of the zoom superlens (121).

2. The endoscope of claim 1, wherein the zoom superlens (121) comprises a substrate (1210), phase-change nanostructures, and a first electrode layer (1211);

The first electrode layer is arranged on one side of the substrate (1210); the phase change nanostructures are disposed on a side of the first electrode layer (1211) remote from the substrate (1210).

3. The endoscope of claim 1, wherein the zoom superlens (121) comprises a substrate (1210), non-phase-change nanostructures, a first electrode layer (1211), a liquid crystal layer (1235), and a second electrode layer (1212);

The first electrode layer (1211) is disposed on one side of the substrate (1210);

The non-phase change nanostructures are disposed on a side of the first electrode layer (1211) remote from the substrate (1210);

The liquid crystal layer (1235) is filled between the non-phase-change nanostructures and has a height along a height axis of the non-phase-change nanostructures that is greater than the height of the non-phase-change nanostructures;

the second electrode layer (1212) is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer (1235) remote from the substrate (1210).

4. An endoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the light source (11) is a fiber optic conductive light source;

The cable (20) includes a conductive optical fiber.

5. The endoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the image sensor (122) is a charge coupled device sensor or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor.

6. An endoscope as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the image processing device (30) is configured to reconstruct an image of the detection region by means of noise reduction or edge enhancement.

7. An endoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the light source (11) further comprises point cloud generating means;

The point cloud generating device is arranged on the light emitting side of the light source and is used for diffracting the light beam emitted by the light source to generate point cloud;

-the image sensor (122) configured to receive a point cloud signal transmitted through the zoom superlens (121) and to convert the point cloud signal into an electrical signal;

the image processing device (30) is configured to process the electrical signals and reconstruct a three-dimensional image of the detection region.

8. The endoscope of claim 7, wherein the point cloud generating device comprises a diffractive optical element or a super surface.

9. An endoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the light source (11) is arranged in parallel with the lens (12) or that the light source (11) is arranged around the lens (12).

10. The endoscope of claim 1, characterized in that the zoom superlens (121) comprises nanostructures (1213); the nanostructure (1213) has a characteristic dimension greater than or equal to 0.2λ _c and less than or equal to 0.8λ _c;λ_c that is the central wavelength of the incident radiation.