CN220894554U

CN220894554U - Induction structure, direction control mechanism, touch detection system and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN220894554U
Application number: CN202322669272.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董林杰; 谢刚; 娄烨烽; 邓伟华
Original assignee: Shanghai Wanrou Automotive Electronics Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Wanrou Automotive Electronics Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-09-28
Filing date: 2023-09-28
Publication date: 2024-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2033-09-28

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of hand-off detection, in particular to an induction structure, a direction control mechanism, a touch detection system and a vehicle. This response structure is applied to the directional control body, includes: an insulating layer and a second conductive layer; the second conductive layer is positioned on one side of the insulating layer far away from the direction control body; the second conductive layer is configured to form a conductive relationship with the human body when in contact with the human body. According to the technical scheme, the induction capacitance between the induction structure and the human body can be improved, so that misjudgment during detection when hands are away is avoided, and the detection sensitivity is improved.

Description

Induction structure, direction control mechanism, touch detection system and vehicle

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of hand-off detection, in particular to an induction structure, a direction control mechanism, a touch detection system and a vehicle.

Background

In the related art, the steering wheel is detected by arranging a metal fabric serving as a detection electrode below an inner decorative surface of the steering wheel, and reducing coupling capacitance (adding a shielding layer) caused by a steering wheel hub by adopting special measures.

However, since the steering wheel off-hand detection adopts the metal fabric as the detection electrode, the metal fabric must be arranged below the steering wheel inner decorative surface, so that under the obstruction of the steering wheel inner decorative surface, the capacitance value of the coupling of the metal fabric to the human hand is lower, the distinction between the coupling capacitance value caused by the steering wheel hub and the coupling capacitance value after the human hand contacts the steering wheel is not obvious, and the off-hand detection is easy to be misjudged.

Disclosure of utility model

The application aims to provide an induction structure, a direction control mechanism, a touch detection system and a vehicle, which can improve the induction capacitance between the induction structure and a human body, further avoid misjudgment during detection when hands are away, and improve the detection sensitivity.

According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an induction structure applied to a directional control body, including:

the insulating layer is arranged on the outer side of the direction control body;

The second conductive layer is positioned on one side of the insulating layer away from the direction control body; the second conductive layer is configured to form a conductive relationship with a human body when in contact with the human body.

According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a direction control mechanism including:

A direction control body for receiving an applied force to control a direction;

The induction structure is positioned on the outer side of the direction control body, and the induction structure is exposed.

According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a touch detection system including: the processor, the capacitance detection device and the direction control mechanism;

The capacitance detection device comprises a positive input end, a negative input end and an output end, wherein the positive input end is electrically connected with the second conductive layer, the negative input end is grounded, and the output end is connected with the processor.

According to a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a vehicle including the above-described direction control mechanism or the above-described touch detection system.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:

Because the second conducting layer is located the surface of sensing structure, human body can direct contact second conducting layer, even though human body indirect contact second conducting layer, the distance between human body and the sensing structure is also less, like this, can improve the inductive capacity between sensing structure and the human body, and then avoid the erroneous judgement when leaving the hand detection, improve detection sensitivity.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of an induction structure according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of an induction structure according to another exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 2B is a schematic structural diagram of an induction structure according to another exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 2C is a schematic structural diagram of an induction structure according to another exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a touch detection system according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship of a second excitation signal to a first excitation signal according to an example embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a third excitation signal and a first excitation signal according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a driver's hand-held steering wheel in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an off-hand detection method according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an off-hand detection method according to another exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an off-hand detection method according to another exemplary embodiment.

Detailed Description

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used in the specification and claims should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the application pertains. In the following, specific embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings, and it should be noted that in the course of the detailed description of these embodiments, it is not possible in the present specification to describe all features of an actual embodiment in detail for the sake of brevity. Modifications and substitutions of embodiments of the application may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, and the resulting embodiments are also within the scope of the application.

In the related art, since the steering wheel is used as the detection electrode in the detection of the steering wheel from the hand, the detection electrode must be arranged below the steering wheel inner decorative skin, so that under the obstruction of the steering wheel inner decorative skin, the capacitance value of the coupling of the steering wheel from the hand by the metal fabric is lower, and the misjudgment is caused by the coupling capacitance caused by the steering wheel hub, so that the coupling capacitance caused by the steering wheel hub is reduced by adopting an excitation shielding method, but because the obstruction of the steering wheel inner decorative skin still exists, the coupling capacitance value generated when the hand contacts the steering wheel is still lower, and the detection sensitivity from the hand is still poor. Meanwhile, the shielding layer is excited to cause the isolation of the metal fabric serving as the detection electrode and the steering wheel hub, so that the reliability problems such as electrostatic discharge of human bodies are further caused.

In addition, the cost of the detection electrode adopting a metal film electrode is high and reaches about 60 RMB. The maximum capacitance detection range of a capacitance detection chip (AS 8579) adopted in the traditional steering wheel off-hand detection is only 2nF, and the detection requirement of generating larger capacitance when a human hand directly contacts with a detection electrode can not be met.

In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides an induction structure, a direction control mechanism, a touch detection system and a vehicle, which can improve the induction capacitance between the induction structure and a human body, further avoid misjudgment during detection when the user leaves hands, improve the detection sensitivity, and facilitate releasing static electricity of the human body and improve the reliability.

The application provides an induction structure which is characterized in that a conductive relation is formed when a human body is in direct or indirect contact with the surface of a product, and the change of an electric signal output by the product can be caused by the on-off of the conductive relation.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2A, an embodiment of the present application provides an induction structure. The sensing structure is applied to the directional control body 14, and includes: an insulating layer 12 and a second conductive layer 13.

The insulating layer 12 is disposed on the surface of the direction control body 14, the second conductive layer 13 is disposed on a side of the insulating layer 12 away from the direction control body 14, and the second conductive layer 13 is configured to form a conductive relationship with a human body when directly or indirectly contacting the human body. That is, the sensing structure is coated on the surface of the direction control body 14, and the sensing structure is exposed. Specifically, the insulating layer 12 is coated on the surface of the direction control body 14, the second conductive layer 13 is coated on the surface of the insulating layer 12, and the second conductive layer 13 is exposed.

Because the second conductive layer 13 is located on the surface of the sensing structure, a human body (such as a human hand) can directly contact the second conductive layer 13, and even if the human body indirectly contacts the second conductive layer 13, the distance between the human body and the sensing structure is smaller, so that the sensing capacitance between the sensing structure and the human body can be improved, misjudgment during detection of the human body away from the hand can be avoided, and the detection sensitivity can be improved.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2A, the sensing structure further includes a first conductive layer 11, a first conductive line 16, and a second conductive line 17.

Wherein the first conductive layer 11 is located between the direction control body 14 and the insulating layer 12.

The first conductive line 16 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 11, and the first conductive line 16 is grounded. The first wire 16 may be a metal wire.

The second conductive line 17 is electrically connected to the second conductive layer 13, and the second conductive line 17 is used for connecting to a capacitance detection device. The second wire 17 may be a metal wire.

Moreover, the first conductive layer 11 is grounded through the first conductive wire 16, the impedance between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13 is smaller than the impedance between the second conductive layer 13 and the circuit arranged on the outer side, for example, the impedance between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13 is about 300K ohms, the impedance between the second conductive layer 13 and the circuit arranged on the outer side is about 1M ohms, so that static electricity released by a human body can only move to the first conductive layer 11 arranged on the inner side, and further the static electricity can be released through the grounded first conductive layer 11, when the human body contacts the sensing structure, the static electricity of the human body can be released by the grounded first conductive layer 11, the damage of the sensing structure caused by the static electricity of the human body is avoided, and the reliability of the product is improved.

In one embodiment, the insulating layer 12 may be a flexible insulating layer, and the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13 may be flexible conductive layers.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the sensing structure may be located on a surface of the directional control body 14, wherein the directional control body 14 may be a steering wheel of a vehicle, but is not limited thereto. The first conductive layer 11 is located at a side facing the direction control body 14, and the second conductive layer 13 is located at a side facing away from the direction control body 14 and is exposed. The insulating layer 12 may be a decorative leather of the steering wheel. Since the second conductive layer 13 is exposed on the surface of the direction control body 14, the contact relationship between the human hand and the direction control body 14 can be detected, for example, the detection of the vehicle steering wheel from the hand can be realized.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a spacer layer 15 is further disposed between the sensing structure and the direction control body 14, specifically, the spacer layer 15 is located between the direction control body 14 and the first conductive layer 11, and the material of the spacer layer 15 may be an insulating material, for example, the material of the spacer layer 15 may be foam or insulating cloth.

In one embodiment, the sensing structure further comprises a fastening structure and a puncture preventing structure.

The fastening structure is electrically conductive, and can fixedly connect and electrically connect the first conductive wire 16 and the first conductive layer 11, and fixedly connect and electrically connect the second conductive wire 17 and the second conductive layer 13. That is, the fastening structure is used to fix the first conductive wire 16 on the first conductive layer 11 and fix the second conductive wire 17 on the second conductive layer 13, so that the first conductive wire 16 and the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive wire 17 and the second conductive layer 13 can conduct electricity.

Wherein the breakdown preventing structure is used for preventing the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13 from forming electrical connection. Since the second conductive layer 13 directly contacts the human body to detect the electrical signal, the first conductive layer 11 is grounded to discharge static electricity generated by the human body, and since the fastening structure generally penetrates the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13, electrical conduction between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13 is easily caused, thereby causing a short circuit. Therefore, the anti-breakdown structure is adopted to avoid that the fastening structure conducts electricity between the first conducting layer 11 and the second conducting layer 13, and further, the influence of circuit short circuit on the normal operation of the equipment is avoided.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the fastening structure includes a first fastener 18 and a second fastener 19.

Wherein the first fastener 18 fixedly connects and electrically connects the first wire 16 with the first conductive layer 11. The first fastener is electrically conductive. The first fastener 18 is a metal fastener.

A second fastener 19 fixedly and electrically connects the second wire 17 with the second conductive layer 13; the second fastener is electrically conductive. The second fastener 19 is a metal fastener.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2A, the breakdown preventing structure includes a first avoidance hole 111 and a second avoidance hole 131, where the first conductive layer 11 is provided with the first avoidance hole 111, and the second conductive layer 13 is provided with the second avoidance hole 131.

One end of the first fastener 18 is used for crimping the first wire 16 on the surface of the first conductive layer 11 far away from the insulating layer 12, and the other end sequentially passes through the first wire 16, the first conductive layer 11 and the insulating layer 12 and is located in the second avoiding hole 131. The projection of the first fastener 18 onto the insulating layer 12 is located in the projection of the second relief hole 131 onto the insulating layer 12. The second avoidance hole 131 is used for avoiding the contact between the first fastener 18 and the second conductive layer 13, so as to avoid the first fastener 18 from conducting between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13 to form electrical connection.

One end of the second fastener 19 is used for pressing the second wire 17 on the surface, far away from the insulating layer 12, of the second conductive layer 13, and the other end sequentially passes through the second wire 17, the second conductive layer 13 and the insulating layer 13 and is located in the first avoidance hole 111. The first avoidance hole 111 is used for avoiding the contact between the second fastening piece 19 and the first conductive layer 11, so as to avoid the electrical connection between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13 caused by the conduction of the second fastening piece 19.

The projection of the second fastener 19 onto the insulating layer 12 is located in the projection of the first relief hole 111 onto the insulating layer 12. The first relief hole 111 serves to prevent the second fastener 19 from contacting the first conductive layer 11.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the first fastener 18 includes a first bolt 181 and a first nut 182.

The head 1811 of the first bolt 181 presses the first conductive wire 16 against the surface of the first conductive layer 11 away from the insulating layer 12, the screw 1812 of the first bolt 181 penetrates the first conductive wire 16, the first conductive layer 11 and the insulating layer 12, and one end of the screw 1812 of the first bolt 181 away from the head 1811 is exposed from the insulating layer 12 and is located in the second avoiding hole 131.

The first nut 182 is located in the second avoiding hole 131, and is screwed on one end, far away from the head 1811, of the screw 1812 of the first bolt 181, and the first nut 182 is matched with the first bolt 181 to realize crimping of the first wire 16 on the first conductive layer 11.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the second fastener 19 includes a second bolt 191 and a second nut 192.

The head 1911 of the second bolt 191 presses the second conductive wire 17 against the surface of the second conductive layer 13 away from the insulating layer 12, the screw 191 of the second bolt 191 penetrates the second conductive wire 17, the second conductive layer 13 and the insulating layer 12, and one end of the screw 1911 of the second bolt 191 away from the head 1911 is exposed from the insulating layer 12 and is located in the first avoiding hole 111.

The second nut 192 is located in the first avoiding hole 111 and is screwed on one end, far away from the head 1911, of the screw rod 1912 of the second bolt 191, and the second nut 192 is matched with the second bolt 191 to achieve crimping of the second conducting wire 17 on the second conducting layer 13.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2B, the puncture preventing structure includes a first insulating sleeve 23 and a second insulating sleeve 24, where the first insulating sleeve 23 covers a side surface of the first fastener 18, and the second insulating sleeve 24 covers a side surface of the second fastener 19. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2B, the first relief hole 111 and the second relief hole 131 are absent.

As shown in fig. 2B, the head 1811 of the first bolt 181 presses the first conductive wire 16 against the surface of the first conductive layer 11 away from the insulating layer 12, and the screw 1812 of the first bolt 181 penetrates the first conductive wire 16, the first conductive layer 11, the insulating layer 12 and the second conductive layer 13, and the end of the screw 1812 of the first bolt 181 away from the head 1811 is exposed from the second conductive layer 13.

The first nut 182 is screwed on the end of the screw 1812 of the first bolt 181 far away from the head 1811, and cooperates with the first bolt 181 to realize crimping of the first wire 16 on the first conductive layer 11.

The first insulating bush 23 is coated on the screw of the first bolt 181, and the first nut 182 is screwed on the first insulating bush 23. Since the first insulating bush 23 is present between the first nut 182 and the first bolt 181, even if the first nut 182 contacts the second conductive layer 13, it is possible to avoid electrical connection between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13 by conduction.

The head 1911 of the second bolt 191 presses the second wire 17 against the surface of the second conductive layer 13 remote from the insulating layer 12, and the screw 1912 of the second bolt 191 penetrates the second wire 17, the second conductive layer 13, the insulating layer 12 and the first conductive layer 11, and the end of the screw 1912 of the second bolt 191 remote from the head 1911 is exposed from the first conductive layer 11.

The second nut 192 is screwed on one end of the screw 1912 of the second bolt 191 away from the head 1911, and cooperates with the second bolt 191 to realize crimping of the second wire 17 on the second conductive layer 13.

The second insulating sleeve 24 is coated on the screw 1912 of the second bolt 191, and the second nut 192 is screwed on the second insulating sleeve 24. Since the second insulating bush 24 is provided between the second nut 192 and the second bolt 191, even if the second nut 192 contacts the first conductive layer 11, it is possible to avoid electrical connection between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2C, the fastening structure includes a third fastener 20, where an end of the third fastener 20 near the first conductive layer 11 fixedly connects and electrically connects the first conductive wire 16 with the first conductive layer 11, and an end of the third fastener 20 near the second conductive layer 13 fixedly connects and electrically connects the second conductive wire 17 with the second conductive layer 13. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the fastening structure is provided with only one third fastening member 20, and the breakdown preventing structure prevents conduction between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13. One end of the third fastener 20 is fixed to the first conductive wire 16 and the first conductive layer 11, so that the first conductive wire 16 is electrically connected with the first conductive layer 11, and the other end is fixed to the second conductive wire 17 and the second conductive layer 13, so that the second conductive wire 17 is electrically connected with the second conductive layer 13. In this way, the number of fasteners can be reduced, and only one hole is needed to be punctured between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13 for the fasteners, so that the cost is reduced, and the manufacture of products is facilitated.

As shown in fig. 2C, the puncture preventing structure includes a third insulating sheath 25, and the third insulating sheath 25 is wrapped around a side surface of the third fastener 20.

The third fastener 20 includes a third bolt 201, a third nut 202, and a conductive member 203.

The head 2011 of the third bolt 201 presses the first conductive wire 16 against the surface of the first conductive layer 11 far from the insulating layer 12, the screw 2012 of the third bolt 201 penetrates the first conductive wire 16, the first conductive layer 11, the insulating layer 12 and the second conductive layer 13, and one end of the screw 2012 of the third bolt 201 far from the head 2011 is exposed from the second conductive layer 13.

The third nut 202 is screwed on the end of the screw 2012 of the third bolt 201 away from the head 2011, and cooperates with the third bolt 201 to realize crimping of the first wire 16 on the first conductive layer 11.

The third insulating sleeve 25 is coated on the screw 2011 of the third bolt 201, and the third nut 202 is screwed on the third insulating sleeve 25. Specifically, a third insulating sleeve 25 is disposed between the third nut 202 and the third bolt 201, and the third insulating sleeve 25 ensures that the threaded end of the third bolt 201 penetrating through the second conductive layer 13 does not contact the second conductive layer 13, and no electrical connection is formed between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13.

One side of the conductive member 203 is crimped between the third insulating sheath 25 and the second conductive layer 13 by the third nut 202, and the other side of the conductive member 203 is connected to the second wire 17. That is, the conductive member 203 is disposed outside the third insulating sleeve 25, the third insulating sleeve 25 isolates the conductive member 203 from the third bolt 201, the conductive member 203 does not contact the threaded end of the third bolt 201 penetrating the second conductive layer 13, and further the conductive member 203 does not form an electrical connection with the third bolt 201. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2C, the conductive member 203 does not contact the screw end of the third bolt 201 penetrating the second conductive layer 13. One end of the conductive member 203 is pressed between the third insulating sleeve 25 and the second conductive layer 13 after the third nut 202 is tightened, and the other end of the conductive member 203 is fixedly connected with the second conductive wire 17, so that the second conductive wire 17 is electrically connected with the second conductive layer 13. Meanwhile, the third insulating sleeve 25 isolates the conductive member 203 from the third bolt 201, so as to avoid conduction between the conductive member 203 and the third bolt 201. In this way, only one fastener (third fastener 20) is used, both to achieve the electrical connection between the first conductive layer 11 and the first conductive line 16, and between the second conductive line 17 and the second conductive layer 13, and to avoid the electrical connection between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13.

In one embodiment, the conductive member may have a bar shape, a round shape, a fork shape, or the like, and may be disposed outside the third insulating sheath 25 and connected between the second conductive wire 17 and the second conductive layer 13, so that the second conductive wire 17 and the second conductive layer 13 are electrically conductive.

In yet another embodiment, referring to fig. 2C, the third fastener 20 is turned over, the third nut 202 and the conductive member 203 are disposed on the side of the first conductive layer 11, the head 2011 of the third bolt 201 is disposed on the side of the second conductive layer 13, one side of the conductive member 203 is crimped between the third insulating sheath 25 and the first conductive layer 11 by the third nut 202, and the other side of the conductive member 203 is connected to the first conductive wire 16. The head 2011 of the third bolt 201 presses the first wire 17 against the second conductive layer 13.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2A, 2B and 2C, the sensing structure further includes a first conductive pad 21 and a second conductive pad 22.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2A, 2B and 2C, the first conductive pad 21 is located between the first conductive line 16 and the first conductive layer 11. The projection of the head 1811 of the first bolt 181 onto the first conductive layer 11 is located within the projection of the first conductive pad 21 onto the first conductive layer 11. The first conductive pad 21 may be a metal pad or other conductive material. Since the first conductive pad 21 is provided between the first wire 16 and the first conductive layer 11, the mounting can be stabilized and made compact.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2A and 2B, the second conductive pad 22 is located between the second conductive line 17 and the second conductive layer 13. The projection of the head 1911 of the second bolt 191 onto the second conductive layer 13 is located within the projection of the second conductive pad 22 onto the second conductive layer 13. The second conductive pad 22 has conductivity, and may be a metal pad or other conductive material. Since the second conductive pad 22 is provided between the second wire 17 and the second conductive layer 13, the mounting can be stabilized and made compact.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 2C, the second conductive pad 22 is located between the conductive member 203 and the second conductive layer 13. The projection of the conductive member 203 onto the second conductive layer 13 is located within the projection of the second conductive pad 22 onto the second conductive layer 13. The second conductive pad 22 has conductivity, and may be a metal pad or other conductive material. Since the second conductive pad 22 is provided between the conductive member 203 and the second conductive layer 13, the mounting can be stabilized and made compact.

The first conductive pad 21 is located between the first conductive layer 11 and the head 2011 of the third bolt 201 for fastening the first wire 16. The first conductive line 16 may be a metal pad or other conductive material. The first wire 16 can be stably and tightly mounted.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2A, the direction control body 14 and the spacer layer 15 are provided with a relief space for accommodating the first wire 16, the first conductive pad 21, the first fastener 18 and the second fastener 19.

In the embodiment of the application, since the second conductive layer 13 is located on the surface of the sensing structure, the human body can directly contact the second conductive layer 13, even if the human body indirectly contacts the second conductive layer 13, the distance between the human body and the sensing structure is smaller, so that the sensing capacitance between the sensing structure and the human body can be improved, further, misjudgment during detection from hands is avoided, the detection sensitivity is improved, and the first conductive layer 11 is grounded, thereby being beneficial to releasing static electricity of the human body and improving the reliability.

The embodiment of the application also provides a direction control mechanism. As shown in fig. 2A, the direction control mechanism includes a direction control body 14 and the sensing structure of any of the above embodiments.

Wherein the direction control body 14 is used to receive an applied force to control the direction. For example, the direction control body 14 is used to receive a force applied by a human body (e.g., a human hand) to control the direction.

The sensing structure is located on the surface of the direction control body 14, and the sensing structure is exposed.

In one embodiment, the sensing structure comprises: the insulating layer 12 and the second conductive layer 13, the insulating layer 12 is located on the direction control body 14, the second conductive layer 13 is located on one side of the insulating layer 12 away from the direction control body 14, wherein the second conductive layer 13 is used for directly or indirectly contacting with the hand and forming conductive relation with the human body.

Since the second conductive layer 13 is exposed on the surface of the direction control body 14, the contact relationship between the human body and the direction control body 14 can be detected, for example, the detection of the vehicle steering wheel from the hand can be realized.

In one embodiment, the sensing structure further comprises a first conductive layer 11. The first conductive layer is arranged between the direction control body and the insulating layer. The first conductive layer 11 is grounded for discharging static electricity of a human body.

In one embodiment, the steering control body 14 is a steering wheel, and the steering control body 14 may include a steering wheel hub of a vehicle, and the second conductive layer 13 is coated on a surface of the steering wheel hub. Wherein the steering wheel hub is grounded. I.e. the whole second conductive layer 13 is coated on the surface of the steering wheel hub. In this way, all areas of the steering wheel can be used to detect the contact relationship of the human body with the directional control body 14.

In another embodiment, the steering wheel hub may include a first operating region and a second operating region, the first operating region being opposite to the second operating region in position, and the number of sensing structures is two, wherein one sensing structure is located in the first operating region and the other sensing structure is located in the second operating region. Thus, one of the two sensing structures may be used to detect the contact relationship of the left human body region (e.g., left hand) of the driver with the steering wheel, and the other sensing structure may be used to detect the contact relationship of the right human body region (e.g., right hand) of the driver with the steering wheel.

Of course, in other embodiments, the steering wheel hub may include three or more operating regions. One sensing structure is disposed in each operating region. Thus, each sensing structure can be used for detecting the contact relation between a human body and the steering wheel, and is compatible with different habits of different drivers for using the steering wheel and different conditions of different areas for using the steering wheel under different conditions.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the directional control mechanism further includes a spacer layer 15. The spacer layer 15 is disposed between the sensing structure and the direction control body 14, specifically, the spacer layer 15 is disposed between the direction control body 14 and the first conductive layer 11, and the material of the spacer layer 15 is an insulating material. For example, the material of the spacer layer 15 may be foam or insulating cloth. The spacer layer 15 is arranged between the direction control body 14 and the first conductive layer 11, so that the first conductive layer 11 can be ensured to be grounded stably, and the reliability of products is improved.

In the application, the sensing structure is positioned on the surface of the steering wheel, and can be directly contacted with the hand of the driver, so that no obstruction exists between the sensing structure and the hand of the driver, the coupling capacitance generated when a human body is contacted with the sensing structure is increased, the difference between the coupling capacitance value of the hand of the driver contacting the sensing structure and the coupling capacitance value of the non-contact sensing structure is increased, further the judgment of the hand-off detection is convenient, the sensitivity of the hand-off detection is improved, the hand-off detection can be sensed when a single thumb and one other finger hook the steering wheel, and the sensitivity of the hand-off detection is improved.

In the application, the induction structure is simple, and the cost is far lower than that of a metal film electrode adopted in the traditional detection by hands.

In the application, the sensing structure capable of enabling hands to directly contact is adopted, so that the sensing structure can be conducted with human bodies, the human body capacitance value of a sitting posture which is directly sensed is as high as 4nF, is 20 times of the human body capacitance sensing value of 200pF in a state of not being directly contacted during traditional hand-off detection, is greatly higher than the interference coupling capacitance (about 150 pF) caused by a steering wheel hub, a wire harness and the like, is convenient to compare, is not easy to misjudge, and therefore, the situation of misjudgment is not worry, measures for exciting shielding are not needed, the structure is simplified, and the cost is reduced.

In the application, because the double-sided conductive induction structure is adopted, the first conductive layer 11 can be directly grounded, and static electricity generated by a human body can be discharged through the first conductive layer 11, so that the problem of static electricity damage caused by the insulation distance without static electricity climbing when hands directly contact the second conductive layer 13 is greatly solved. Compared with the traditional steering wheel off-hand detection, the steering wheel off-hand detection method has the advantages that the excitation shielding layer is used for isolating the coupling capacitance interference of the steering wheel hub, and the existence of the excitation shielding layer also prevents the discharge of human static electricity, so that the reliability of the steering wheel off-hand detection is improved compared with the traditional steering wheel off-hand detection.

The embodiment of the application also provides a touch detection system. As shown in fig. 3, the touch detection system includes: the direction control mechanism 31, the capacitance detection device 32 and the processor 33 of any of the above embodiments.

The capacitance detecting device 32 includes a positive input terminal IN1, a negative input terminal IN2, and an output terminal OUT, where the positive input terminal IN1 is electrically connected to the second conductive layer 13 through the second conductive line 17, the negative input terminal IN2 is grounded, and the output terminal OUT is connected to the processor 33.

The capacitance detecting means 32 is configured to detect a capacitance value, and compare the detected target capacitance value with a specified capacitance value to obtain a comparison result, and the processor 33 is configured to determine whether the human body contacts the direction control mechanism 31 according to the comparison result.

In one embodiment, the capacitance detecting device 32 may be a capacitance detecting chip with a model number of AFE102Q, and the detected capacitance range may reach 10nF, and may satisfy a human body capacitance value of up to 4nF when detecting a sitting posture state. In other embodiments, the capacitance detecting means 32 may be a capacitance detecting chip having a similar function as the capacitance detecting chip of the model AFE102Q, that is, a capacitance detecting chip that can detect a capacitance value of 4nF or higher.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the capacitance detection device 32 includes: a pre-amplifier 321, a signal generator 322, a signal converter 323, a first multiplier 324, a second multiplier 325, a divider 326, a data processing unit 327, and a comparison unit 328.

The positive pole of the pre-amplifier 321 is the positive input end IN1 of the capacitance detection device 32, the negative pole is the negative input end IN2 of the capacitance detection device 32, the output end of the pre-amplifier 321 is respectively connected with the first multiplier 324 and the second multiplier 325, the first multiplier 324 and the second multiplier 325 are respectively connected with the divider 326, the divider 326 is connected with the comparison unit 328 through the data processing unit 327, and the output end of the comparison unit 328 is the output end OUT of the capacitance detection device.

The output terminal of the signal generator 322 is electrically connected to the second conductive layer 13, the first multiplier 324, and the signal converter 323, respectively, and the signal converter 323 is also electrically connected to the second multiplier 325.

The signal generator 322 is configured to generate a first excitation signal and output the first excitation signal to the second conductive layer 13, the first multiplier 324, and the signal converter 323. The first excitation signal may be a sine signal of 125Hz to 16KHz or a cosine signal, but is not limited thereto.

The signal converter 323 is configured to convert the first excitation signal into a quadrature signal of the first excitation signal, and output the quadrature signal to the second multiplier 325. When the first excitation signal may be a sine signal, the quadrature signal of the first excitation signal is a cosine signal. When the first excitation signal may be a cosine signal, the quadrature signal of the first excitation signal is a sine signal.

When the human body does not contact the second conductive layer 13, a first coupling capacitance is formed between the second conductive layer 13 and the first grounded conductive structure, the first excitation signal 41 decays to a second excitation signal 42 under the action of the first coupling capacitance, as shown in fig. 4, the amplitude of the second excitation signal 42 is 1/k1 of the amplitude of the first excitation signal 41, and the phase of the second excitation signal 42 lagging with respect to the first excitation signal 41 is the first phase θ1. Wherein 1/k1 is the amplitude attenuation coefficient. The first grounding conductive structure comprises a direction control body.

In another embodiment, the first conductive layer 11 is disposed between the direction control body 14 and the insulating layer 12, and the first conductive layer 11 is grounded for discharging static electricity of human body, so that the first coupling capacitance is formed by the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13, and the direction control body 14 and the second conductive layer 13, and the first grounding conductive structure is the direction control body 14 and the first conductive layer 11.

When a human body contacts the second conductive layer 13, a second coupling capacitance is formed between the second conductive layer 13 and the second grounded conductive structure, the first excitation signal 41 decays to a third excitation signal 43 under the action of the second coupling capacitance, as shown in fig. 5, the amplitude of the third excitation signal 43 is 1/k2 of the amplitude of the first excitation signal 41, and the phase of the third excitation signal 43 lagging with respect to the first excitation signal is a second phase θ2. Wherein 1/k2 is the amplitude attenuation coefficient. The second ground conductive structure includes a directional control body 14 and a human body. That is, the second coupling capacitance is greater than the first coupling capacitance.

In another embodiment, the first conductive layer 11 is disposed between the direction control body 14 and the insulating layer 12, and the first conductive layer 11 is grounded for discharging static electricity of a human body, and then the second coupling capacitance is formed by the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13, the direction control body 14 and the second conductive layer 13, and the second conductive structure is formed by the second conductive layer 13 and the human body, and the second conductive structure includes the direction control body 14, the first conductive layer 11, and the human body.

The positive electrode of the pre-amplifier 321 inputs the sampling signal. Wherein, when the human body does not contact the second conductive layer 13, the sampling signal is a second excitation signal, and when the human body contacts the second conductive layer 13, the sampling signal is a third excitation signal. The pre-amplifier outputs the sampled signal to the first multiplier 324 and the second multiplier 325.

The first multiplier 324 multiplies the sampling signal with the first excitation signal to obtain a first product, the second multiplier 325 multiplies the sampling signal with the quadrature signal of the first excitation signal to obtain a second product, and the divider 326 obtains a ratio of the second product to the first product.

The data processing unit 327 is configured to convert the ratio into a target capacitance value, and the comparing unit 328 is configured to compare the target capacitance value with a specified capacitance value to obtain a comparison result. The processor 33 is configured to determine whether the human body contacts the direction control mechanism based on the comparison result.

In one embodiment, capacitance detection device 32 further includes a filter 329. One end of the filter 329 is connected to the output end of the pre-amplifier 321, and the other end is connected to the first multiplier 324 and the second multiplier 325, respectively, for filtering out the interference signals except the second excitation signal or the third excitation signal in the sampled signal.

In the present application, when the driver's hand does not hold the steering wheel, i.e., when the hand does not contact the second conductive layer 13, the first coupling capacitance is formed in common between the first conductive layer 11 and the second conductive layer 13, and between the direction control body 14 and the second conductive layer 13, resulting in that the amplitude of the second excitation signal 42 input to the positive electrode of the pre-amplifier 321 is attenuated by 1/k1 of the amplitude of the first excitation signal 41 with respect to the first excitation signal 41, and the phase of the second excitation signal 42 lagging with respect to the first excitation signal is the first phase θ1. After the second excitation signal 42 on the positive electrode of the pre-amplifier 321 is filtered by the filter 329 to remove noise except the second excitation signal 42, the first multiplier 324 multiplies the first excitation signal 41 (a×cos (wt)) with the second excitation signal 42 (1/k 1×a×cos (wt- θ1)) to obtain a first product (a ²/k 1×cos θ1), and the second multiplier 325 multiplies the second excitation signal 42 (1/k 1×a×cos (wt- θ1)) with the quadrature signal (a×cos (90 ° -wt)) of the first excitation signal 41 to obtain a second product (a ²/k 1×sin θ1). The divider 326 divides the second product by the first product to obtain a ratio of the second product to the first product (TAN θ1). The data processing unit 327 may query a mapping table of the values and the capacitance values pre-stored in the data processing unit 327 according to the ratio (TAN θ1) of the second product to the first product, and convert the ratio into the target capacitance value. The comparison unit 328 compares the target capacitance value with the specified capacitance value to obtain a comparison result. Wherein the target capacitance value is smaller than the specified capacitance value. When the target capacitance value is smaller than the designated capacitance value, the steering wheel is not held by the hand. Processor 33 may determine from the comparison that the hand is not holding the steering wheel.

When the driver holds the steering wheel, that is, when the hand contacts the second conductive layer 13, as shown in fig. 6, the amplitude of the third excitation signal 43 input at the positive electrode of the preamplifier 321 is attenuated to 1/k2 of the amplitude of the first excitation signal 41 with respect to the first excitation signal 41, and the phase of the third excitation signal 43 lagging with respect to the first excitation signal is the second phase θ2 by the larger second coupling capacitance formed in common between the human body 62 communicated by the second conductive layer 13 of the steering wheel 61 and the skeleton of the grounded seat 63 and between the second conductive layer 13 of the steering wheel 61 and the grounded steering wheel hub. After the third excitation signal 43 on the positive electrode of the preamplifier 321 is filtered by the filter 329 to remove noise except the second excitation signal 42, the first multiplier 324 multiplies the first excitation signal 41 (a×cos (wt)) with the third excitation signal 43 (1/k 2×a×cos (wt- θ2)) to obtain a second product (a ²/k 2×cos θ2), and the second multiplier 325 multiplies the third excitation signal 43 (1/k 2×a×cos (wt- θ2)) with the quadrature signal (a×cos (90 ° -wt)) of the first excitation signal 41 to obtain a second product (a ²/k 2×sinθ2). The divider 326 divides the second product by the first product to obtain a ratio of the second product to the first product (TAN θ2). The data processing unit 327 may query a mapping table of the ratio and the capacitance value pre-stored in the data processing unit 327 according to the ratio (TAN θ2) of the second product and the first product, and convert the ratio into the target capacitance value. The comparison unit 328 compares the target capacitance value with the specified capacitance value to obtain a comparison result. Wherein the target capacitance value is greater than the specified capacitance value. When the target capacitance value is larger than the designated capacitance value, the steering wheel is held by hand. The processor 33 may determine to hold the steering wheel based on the comparison.

It should be emphasized that since the amplitude attenuation coefficients (1/k 1 and 1/k 2) are caused by resistive loads, which are independent of capacitive detection, pertaining to the interference factor, the interference factors (1/k 1 and 1/k 2) can be directly cancelled out by dividing the second product by the first product by the divider 326, excluding the interference value. The ratio of the second product to the first product (TAN θ1 and TAN θ2) is determined by the capacitive load, and can be directly converted into a corresponding capacitance value.

The application further provides a touch detection system. In this embodiment, the touch detection system further includes an electrocardiograph detection device for electrocardiographic capture.

In this embodiment, the steering wheel hub includes a first operating area and a second operating area, the first operating area is opposite to the second operating area, and the number of sensing structures is two, where one sensing structure is located in the first operating area, and the other sensing structure is located in the second operating area.

IN this embodiment, the capacitance detecting device 32 may be a capacitance detecting chip with a model number AFE102Q, and may provide two positive input terminals IN1, one of which is connected to the second conductive layer 13 of the sensing structure IN the first operation area, and the other of which is connected to the second conductive layer 13 of the sensing structure IN the second operation area. Thus, the sensing structure of the steering wheel can be divided into two independent partitions which are not communicated with each other to be respectively and independently detected, and further the gesture judgment of one hand is realized, for example, the judgment of which hand leaves the steering wheel and which hand contacts the steering wheel can be realized. Of course, the first operation area and the second operation area may be simultaneously connected to the same positive input terminal IN1 of the capacitance detection device 32, so as to perform the detection of the left hand and the right hand without distinction, and only based on the driving habit of the driver, the second conductive layer 13 is provided on the portion of the surface of the steering wheel, which is easily touched by the hand frequently, so as to save the material of the second conductive layer 13.

The electrocardiograph detection device comprises a first input end and a second input end, wherein one of the first input end and the second input end is a positive electrode, and the other is a negative electrode. The first input end is electrically connected with the second conductive layer of one of the two sensing structures and used for collecting a first potential value, the second input end is electrically connected with the second conductive layer of the other of the two sensing structures and used for collecting a second potential value, and the electrocardiograph detection device is used for obtaining the change of a potential difference according to the first potential value and the second potential value and carrying out electrocardiograph capture according to the change of the potential difference.

As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, each capacitance detecting device 32 further includes a current-limiting constant current unit 320, where the current-limiting constant current unit 320 is connected in series between the second conductive layer 13 and the signal generator 322, for limiting the current of the first excitation signal 41 on the second conductive layer 13 within a specified range. For example, the current limiting constant current unit 320 is configured to limit the current of the first excitation signal 41 sent by the signal generator 322 to 1-200 μa, so as to prevent the first excitation signal 41 from interfering with other physiological detection functions (such as electrocardiographic detection).

The application also provides a vehicle comprising the direction control mechanism of any embodiment or the touch detection system of any embodiment.

The steering control mechanism of the vehicle may include a steering wheel or a handlebar. The number of wheels of the vehicle is not limited, and three-wheeled vehicles, four-wheeled vehicles (such as automobiles) and other vehicles with the number of wheels can be used; the power source of the vehicle is not limited, and the vehicle can be gasoline, diesel oil, electric power and hybrid power; the application scene of the vehicle is not limited, and people and cargo can be carried.

When the vehicle is an automobile, the steering mechanism of the vehicle may include a steering wheel.

When the vehicle is a tricycle, the directional control mechanism of the vehicle may include two handles. An induction structure is arranged on each handlebar.

The application also provides a hand-off detection method which is applied to the direction control mechanism of any embodiment and is used for detecting the contact state of the hand and the direction control mechanism. As shown in fig. 7, the method for detecting the separation of hands may include the following steps:

Step 701, loading a first excitation signal on a second conductive layer located on the surface of the direction control mechanism, wherein the second conductive layer is used for directly or indirectly contacting with a hand and forming a conductive relationship with a human body.

Specifically, the second conductive layer is coated on the surface of the direction control mechanism, is used for directly or indirectly contacting with the hand and forming a conductive relationship with the human body, and is exposed.

Step 702, obtaining a sampling signal on the second conductive layer, where the sampling signal changes due to different contact states between the hand and the direction control mechanism.

In step 703, a target capacitance value is calculated based on the sampling signal and the first excitation signal.

Step 704, determining the contact state of the hand and the direction control mechanism according to the comparison result of the target capacitance value and the designated capacitance value.

In this embodiment, the sampling signal is obtained by loading the first excitation signal 41 to the second conductive layer 13, then sampling the signal on the second conductive layer 13, wherein the sampling signal is different when the contact state of the hand and the direction control mechanism is different, then calculating the target capacitance value according to the sampling signal and the first excitation signal 41, and determining the contact state of the hand and the direction control mechanism according to the comparison result of the target capacitance value and the designated capacitance value. Because the second conductive layer 13 is located on the surface of the direction control mechanism, the hand can directly contact with the second conductive layer 13, and even if the hand indirectly contacts with the second conductive layer 13, the distance between the hand and the second conductive layer 13 is smaller, so that the induction capacitance between the direction control mechanism and the hand can be improved, misjudgment during hand detection can be avoided, and the detection sensitivity can be improved.

When the hand does not contact the direction control mechanism, the first excitation signal 41 is attenuated into the second excitation signal 42 by the first coupling capacitance, and the second excitation signal 42 is a sampling signal.

A first coupling capacitance is formed between the second conductive layer 13 and a first grounded conductive structure including a directional control body. Specifically, the second conductive layer 13 forms a coupling capacitance to any conductive structure that is directly and indirectly grounded, and thus, a first coupling capacitance is formed between the direction control body 14 and the second conductive layer 13, and the first grounded conductive structure is the direction control body 14.

The amplitude of the second excitation signal 42 is 1/k1 of the amplitude of the first excitation signal 41, and the phase of the second excitation signal 42 lagging with respect to the first excitation signal 41 is the first phase.

When the hand contacts the directional control mechanism, the first excitation signal 41 decays to a third excitation signal 43 under the action of the second coupling capacitance, and the third excitation signal 43 is a sampling signal.

A second coupling capacitor is formed between the second conductive layer 13 and a second grounded conductive structure, which includes a direction control body and a human body. Specifically, the second conductive layer 13 forms a coupling capacitance to any conductive structure that is directly and indirectly grounded, and thus, the second conductive layer 13 and the direction control body 14 and the second conductive layer 13 and the human body together form a second coupling capacitance, and the second grounded conductive structure includes the direction control body 14 and the human body.

The amplitude of the third excitation signal 43 is 1/k2 of the amplitude of the first excitation signal 41, and the phase of the third excitation signal 43 lagging with respect to the first excitation signal 41 is the second phase.

In one embodiment, the first excitation signal 41 is a sinusoidal signal. In another embodiment, the first excitation signal 41 is a cosine signal.

In one embodiment, prior to step 703, further comprising:

And filtering the sampling signal to remove interference signals in the sampling signal.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, step 703 may include the steps of:

In step 801, a product of the sampling signal and the first excitation signal is obtained, and a first product value is obtained.

In step 802, a quadrature signal of a first excitation signal is generated.

In step 803, a product of the sampling signal and the quadrature signal of the first excitation signal is obtained, and a second product value is obtained.

Step 804, a ratio of the second product value to the first product value is obtained.

Step 805, converting the ratio to a target capacitance value.

Step 802 may precede step 801, and steps 801 and 803 may be performed simultaneously.

In one embodiment, step 805 includes: and inquiring a mapping table according to the ratio to obtain a target capacitance value, wherein the mapping table stores the corresponding relation between the ratio and the capacitance value.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, step 704 may include the steps of:

Step 901, comparing the target capacitance value with the specified capacitance value.

Step 902, if the comparison result is that the target capacitance value is smaller than the designated capacitance value, determining that the hand is not in contact with the direction control mechanism; and if the comparison result is that the target capacitance value is larger than the appointed capacitance value, determining the hand contact direction control mechanism.

In the present application, the content of the method embodiment and the content of the device embodiment may be mutually complementary, and are not described herein again.

In the present application, the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

The embodiments are described above in order to facilitate the understanding and application of the present application by those of ordinary skill in the art. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments and that the general principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments herein, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, may make improvements and modifications within the scope and spirit of the present application without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application.

Claims

1. An induction structure, characterized by being applied to a directional control body, comprising:

A second conductive layer located on a side of the insulating layer remote from the direction control body, the second conductive layer configured to form a conductive relationship with a human body when in contact therewith;

A first conductive layer located between the direction control body and the insulating layer;

and the anti-breakdown structure is used for preventing the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer from forming electric connection.

2. The inductive structure of claim 1, further comprising:

The first conducting wire is electrically connected with the first conducting layer and is grounded;

And the second conducting wire is electrically connected with the second conducting layer.

3. The inductive structure of claim 2, further comprising:

The fastening structure is used for fixedly connecting and electrically connecting the first lead and the first conductive layer, and fixedly connecting and electrically connecting the second lead and the second conductive layer; the fastening structure is electrically conductive.

4. The sensing structure of claim 3, wherein the fastening structure comprises a first fastener and a second fastener;

The first fastener is used for fixedly connecting and electrically connecting the first wire with the first conductive layer;

The second fastener is used for fixedly connecting and electrically connecting the second wire with the second conductive layer.

5. The inductive structure of claim 4, wherein said breakdown preventing structure comprises a first insulating sleeve and a second insulating sleeve;

The first insulating sleeve is used for wrapping the side surface of the first fastening piece;

The second insulating sleeve is used for wrapping the side surface of the second fastening piece.

6. The inductive structure of claim 5, wherein said first fastener comprises:

The first lead is pressed on the surface, far away from the insulating layer, of the first conductive layer by the head of the first bolt, a screw rod of the first bolt penetrates through the first lead, the first conductive layer, the insulating layer and the second conductive layer, and one end, far away from the head, of the screw rod of the first bolt is exposed from the second conductive layer;

The first nut is screwed at one end, far away from the head, of the screw rod of the first bolt and is matched with the first bolt, so that the first lead is crimped on the first conductive layer;

The first insulating sleeve is coated on the screw rod of the first bolt, and the first nut is screwed on the first insulating sleeve;

the second fastener includes:

A second bolt, the head of which presses the second wire against the surface of the second conductive layer away from the insulating layer, the screw rod of the second bolt penetrates through the second lead, the second conductive layer, the insulating layer and the first conductive layer, and one end, far away from the head, of the screw rod of the second bolt is exposed out of the first conductive layer;

the second nut is screwed at one end of the screw rod of the second bolt, which is far away from the head, and is matched with the second bolt, so that the second lead is crimped on the second conductive layer;

The second insulating sleeve is coated on the screw rod of the second bolt, and the second nut is screwed on the second insulating sleeve.

7. The sensing structure of claim 4, wherein the breakdown preventing structure comprises a first relief hole and a second relief hole;

The first relief Kong Kaishe is on the first conductive layer and the second relief Kong Kaishe is on the second conductive layer;

One end of the first fastener is used for crimping the first wire on the surface, far away from the insulating layer, of the first conductive layer, and the other end of the first fastener sequentially penetrates through the first wire, the first conductive layer and the insulating layer and is positioned in the second avoidance hole;

One end of the second fastener is used for crimping the second wire on the surface, far away from the insulating layer, of the second conductive layer, and the other end of the second fastener sequentially penetrates through the second wire, the second conductive layer and the insulating layer and is located in the first avoidance hole.

8. The inductive structure of claim 7, wherein said first fastener comprises:

The first lead is pressed on the surface, far away from the insulating layer, of the first conducting layer by the head of the first bolt, a screw rod of the first bolt penetrates through the first lead, the first conducting layer and the insulating layer, and one end, far away from the head, of the screw rod of the first bolt is exposed out of the insulating layer and is positioned in the second avoidance hole;

the first nut is positioned in the second avoidance hole, is screwed at one end of the screw rod of the first bolt far away from the head and is matched with the first bolt, so that the first lead is crimped on the first conductive layer;

the second fastener includes:

The first lead is pressed on the surface, far away from the insulating layer, of the first conductive layer by the head of the first bolt, the screw rod of the first bolt penetrates through the first lead, the first conductive layer and the insulating layer, and one end, far away from the head, of the screw rod of the first bolt is exposed out of the insulating layer and is positioned in the first avoidance hole;

The second nut is positioned in the first avoiding hole, is screwed at one end of the screw rod of the second bolt far away from the head and is matched with the second bolt, so that the second lead is crimped on the second conductive layer.

9. The sensing structure of claim 3, wherein the fastening structure comprises a third fastener;

The third fastener is close to one end of the first conductive layer and fixedly connects and electrically connects the first lead with the first conductive layer, and the third fastener is close to one end of the second conductive layer and fixedly connects and electrically connects the second lead with the second conductive layer.

10. The inductive structure of claim 9, wherein said breakdown preventing structure comprises a third insulating sleeve;

and the third insulating sleeve is used for coating the side surface of the third fastening piece.

11. The inductive structure of claim 10, wherein said third fastener comprises:

The first conducting wire is pressed and connected to the surface, far away from the insulating layer, of the first conducting layer by the head of the third bolt, the screw rod of the third bolt penetrates through the first conducting wire, the first conducting layer, the insulating layer and the second conducting layer, and one end, far away from the head, of the screw rod of the third bolt is exposed from the second conducting layer;

the third nut is screwed at one end, far away from the head, of the screw rod of the third bolt and is matched with the third bolt, so that the first lead is crimped on the first conductive layer;

The third insulating sleeve is coated on the screw rod of the third bolt, and the third nut is screwed on the third insulating sleeve;

And one side of the conductive piece is pressed between the third insulating sleeve and the second conductive layer through the third nut, and the other side of the conductive piece is connected with the second wire.

12. The inductive structure of claim 2, further comprising:

A first conductive pad located between the first wire and the first conductive layer;

And the second conductive gasket is positioned between the second wire and the second conductive layer.

13. A directional control mechanism, comprising:

A direction control body for receiving an applied force to control a direction;

The sensing structure of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the sensing structure is located outside the directional control body and the sensing structure is exposed.

14. The directional control mechanism of claim 13 wherein the directional control body comprises a steering wheel hub, the sensing structure being coated on a surface of the steering wheel hub; or alternatively

The steering wheel hub comprises a first operation area and a second operation area, the first operation area is opposite to the second operation area in position, and the number of the sensing structures is two, wherein one sensing structure is located in the first operation area, and the other sensing structure is located in the second operation area.

15. The directional control mechanism of claim 13, further comprising:

and the spacer layer is positioned between the induction structure and the direction control body, and the spacer layer is made of insulating materials.

16. A touch detection system, comprising: a processor, a capacitance detection device and a directional control mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15;

17. The touch detection system of claim 16, wherein the capacitance detection device comprises: the device comprises a pre-amplifier, a signal generator, a signal converter, a first multiplier, a second multiplier, a divider, a data processing unit and a comparison unit;

The positive electrode of the pre-amplifier is the positive input end, the negative electrode of the pre-amplifier is the negative input end, the output end of the pre-amplifier is respectively connected with the first multiplier and the second multiplier, the first multiplier and the second multiplier are respectively connected with the divider, and the divider is connected with the comparison unit through the data processing unit; the output end of the comparison unit is the output end of the capacitance detection device;

The output end of the signal generator is respectively and electrically connected with the second conductive layer, the first multiplier and the signal converter; the signal converter is also electrically connected to the second multiplier;

the signal generator is used for generating a first excitation signal and outputting the first excitation signal to the second conductive layer, the first multiplier and the signal converter;

The signal converter is used for converting the first excitation signal into a quadrature signal of the first excitation signal and outputting the quadrature signal to the second multiplier;

When a human body does not contact the second conductive layer, a first coupling capacitor is formed between the second conductive layer and the first grounding conductive structure, the first excitation signal is attenuated into a second excitation signal under the action of the first coupling capacitor, the amplitude of the second excitation signal is 1/k1 of the amplitude of the first excitation signal, and the phase of the second excitation signal lagging relative to the first excitation signal is a first phase; the first grounding conductive structure comprises a direction control body of the direction control mechanism;

When a human body contacts the second conductive layer, a second coupling capacitor is formed between the second conductive layer and a second grounding conductive structure, the first excitation signal is attenuated into a third excitation signal under the action of the second coupling capacitor, the amplitude of the third excitation signal is 1/k2 of the amplitude of the first excitation signal, and the phase of the third excitation signal lagging relative to the first excitation signal is a second phase; the second grounding conductive structure comprises the direction control body and a human body;

The positive electrode of the pre-amplifier inputs a sampling signal, wherein the sampling signal is the second excitation signal or the third excitation signal, and the pre-amplifier outputs the sampling signal to the first multiplier and the second multiplier;

The first multiplier is used for multiplying the sampling signal with the first excitation signal to obtain a first product, the second multiplier is used for multiplying the sampling signal with the orthogonal signal to obtain a second product, and the divider is used for obtaining the ratio of the second product to the first product;

The data processing unit is used for converting the ratio into a target capacitance value, and the comparison unit is used for comparing the target capacitance value with a specified capacitance value to obtain a comparison result;

The processor is used for determining whether the human body contacts the direction control mechanism according to the comparison result.

18. The touch detection system of claim 17, wherein the capacitance detection device further comprises: a filter; one end of the filter is connected with the output end of the pre-amplifier, and the other end of the filter is respectively connected with the first multiplier and the second multiplier and is used for filtering interference signals except the second excitation signal or the third excitation signal in the sampling signal.

19. The touch detection system of claim 17, further comprising: an electrocardiograph detection device;

The steering wheel hub comprises a first operation area and a second operation area, the first operation area is opposite to the second operation area in position, the number of the sensing structures is two, one sensing structure is located in the first operation area, and the other sensing structure is located in the second operation area;

The capacitance detection device further includes: the current-limiting constant-current unit is connected in series between the second conductive layer and the signal generator and is used for limiting the current of a first excitation signal sent by the signal generator within a specified range;

The electrocardiograph detection device comprises a first input end and a second input end, wherein the first input end is electrically connected with the second conductive layer of one of the two induction structures, and the second input end is electrically connected with the second conductive layer of the other of the two induction structures.

20. A vehicle comprising a directional control mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 15 or a touch detection system as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 19.