CN220884770U

CN220884770U - Fuel cell power system for ship

Info

Publication number: CN220884770U
Application number: CN202322700868.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖森林; 黄朝俊; 吴镇波; 刘刚; 董芳; 肖耀华; 刘建成; 李磊
Original assignee: China Merchants Deep Sea Equipment Research Institute Sanya Co ltd; China Merchants Marine Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
Current assignee: China Merchants Deep Sea Equipment Research Institute Sanya Co ltd; China Merchants Marine Equipment Research Institute Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-10-09
Filing date: 2023-10-09
Publication date: 2024-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2033-10-09

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fuel cell power system for ships, which comprises a first hydrogen storage device and two groups of fuel power modules which are mutually connected in parallel; the two groups of fuel power modules are respectively connected with the first hydrogen storage device; the ship comprises a cabin, a main deck, a driving deck and a compass deck; the cabin is arranged at the lower end of the main deck and is provided with a fuel cell cabin; the drive deck is higher than the main deck; the compass deck is higher than the driving deck; the first hydrogen storage device is arranged on the compass deck and is connected with the fuel cell through a hydrogen storage pipeline; the fuel power module comprises a fuel cell, and a cathode exhaust port and an anode exhaust port which are connected with the fuel cell through pipelines; the fuel cell is arranged in the fuel cell cabin; the cathode exhaust port is arranged on one side of the main deck; the anode exhaust port is arranged on the compass deck. The integrated architecture with one spare is adopted, the two sets of fuel cell power systems are not mutually affected, and the safety is high.

Description

Fuel cell power system for ship

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of ship fuel supply, in particular to a fuel cell power system for a ship.

Background

With the increasing strictness of environmental regulations, the marine industry is facing strict "carbon reduction" and "zero carbon" pressures, and fuel cells are receiving increasing attention as a power model for ships to achieve "zero carbon" emissions. However, hydrogen used as fuel of the fuel cell has special physical and chemical properties, so that the fuel cell is severely limited in safety, reliability and the like when being applied to ships, and the hydrogen also becomes a great difficulty in the popularization process of the fuel cell in the ship industry.

Disclosure of utility model

The utility model aims to overcome at least one defect of the prior art, and provides a fuel cell power system for a ship, which has reasonable structural layout, redundant structural design and high safety.

The utility model protects a fuel cell power system for a ship, which comprises a first hydrogen storage device and two groups of fuel power modules which are mutually connected in parallel; the two groups of fuel power modules are respectively connected with the first hydrogen storage device; the ship comprises a cabin, a main deck, a pilot deck and a compass deck; the cabin is arranged at the lower end of the main deck and is provided with a fuel cell cabin; the drive deck is higher than the main deck; the compass deck is higher than the driving deck; the first hydrogen storage device is arranged on the compass deck and is connected with the fuel cell through a hydrogen storage pipeline; the fuel power module comprises a fuel cell, and a cathode exhaust port and an anode exhaust port which are connected with the fuel cell through pipelines; the fuel cell is arranged in the fuel cell cabin; the cathode exhaust port is arranged on one side of the main deck; the anode exhaust port is arranged on the compass deck.

The two groups of fuel power modules are connected in parallel, so that the redundant design is adopted, and when one side fails or overhauls, the standby fuel power module can be started. The first hydrogen storage device mainly provides a hydrogen source for the fuel power module; since the diffusivity and volatility of hydrogen are the strongest of almost all gases, the solution to prevent hydrogen leakage is an important consideration for a marine fuel cell power system provided by the present utility model. In the utility model, the exhaust scheme and the exhaust positions of the cathode exhaust port and the anode exhaust port are scientifically demonstrated and laid out, and the characteristics of the ship structural design are combined, so that the overall safety of the ship can be improved. The first hydrogen storage device is positioned on the compass deck, and the compass deck is positioned at the top of the whole ship, so that ventilation is good, and the first hydrogen storage device can be effectively protected only by a proper covering device; meanwhile, due to the special property of hydrogen, once the hydrogen storage device leaks or is in other danger, the hydrogen can escape upwards or explode upwards, and the influence on ship personnel can be avoided.

The anode exhaust port is connected with the anode outlet of the fuel cell through a hydrogen exhaust pipeline, is arranged on a compass deck and is arranged at a certain height, and also keeps a certain safety distance from the first hydrogen storage device, so that the anode exhaust port and the first hydrogen storage device are not mutually influenced.

The marine fuel cell power system provided by the utility model is an innovation in both the whole framework and the whole layout, lays a good foundation for large-area application of the fuel cell in a ship, and is worthy of important protection.

Further, the fuel power module further comprises a fuel cell cabin exhaust fan, wherein the fuel cell cabin exhaust fan is arranged on one side of the main deck and is used for exhausting gas in a fuel cell position out of the fuel cell cabin; the cathode exhaust port is juxtaposed with the fuel cell compartment exhaust fan.

The power generation module represented by the fuel cell is generally limited to a fuel cell place, the forced ventilation principle is adopted for the fuel cell place, the exhaust fan of the fuel cell compartment is used as a driving force to forcedly exhaust the gas in the fuel cell place out of the fuel cell compartment, the exhaust fan of the fuel cell compartment is arranged at a position close to a main deck in consideration of the structural design of the ship, and in order to avoid the influence on personnel of the ship, the position of the exhaust fan of the fuel cell compartment is avoided from a fence on the main deck, which can possibly walk by people.

And the exhaust gas after the cathode reaction of the fuel cell is discharged out of the fuel cell cabin through the cathode exhaust port, the arrangement principle is similar to that of an exhaust fan of the fuel cell cabin, and the exhaust fan is arranged in parallel and close to the exhaust fan of the fuel cell cabin.

Further, the fuel power module further comprises a fuel cell cabin air inlet, the fuel cell cabin air inlet comprises a ventilation cap and a fuel cell cabin air inlet pipeline, the lower end of the fuel cell cabin air inlet pipeline is connected with the fuel cell, the upper end of the fuel cell cabin air inlet pipeline is connected with the ventilation cap, and the ventilation cap is communicated with the outside air.

Further, the ventilator cap is arranged on the main deck, the driving deck or the compass deck.

Because the air filter, the air compressor and other air inlet systems of the fuel cell 1 need to absorb air, the utility model also designs an air inlet of the fuel cell cabin; the air inlet system of the fuel cell directly sucks air from the fuel cell cabin, fresh air is supplemented by the air inlet of the fuel cell cabin arranged on the driving deck, noise caused by the operation of the fuel cell and the like is limited or isolated in the fuel cell cabin, influence on the comfort of the fuel cell power ship is reduced, ventilation of the fuel cell cabin and the fuel cell is enhanced, and accumulation of possible leaked hydrogen is reduced.

In embodiments of the utility model where the fuel cell compartment intake is located on the drive deck, it is within the scope of the utility model that the location of the intake may be located in a variety of alternative ways, such as on the port or starboard side similar to the fuel cell compartment exhaust fan, on the main deck, and even above the compass deck, as the location of the intake has less impact on the fuel cell power system.

Preferably, the two groups of fuel power modules are respectively arranged on the port side and the starboard side of the ship and symmetrically arranged.

Further, the fuel power module further comprises a heat exchanger connected with the fuel cell; the keel heat exchanger is arranged at the bottom of the ship and immersed in the environmental water; the environmental water realizes the cooling of the heat generated by the fuel cell through heat exchange of the heat exchanger.

Further, the heat exchanger is a keel heat exchanger.

The heat generated by the electrochemical reaction of the power generation module represented by the fuel cell is transferred to the keel heat exchanger by the cooling liquid, the keel heat exchanger is positioned at the bottom of the ship and immersed in the environmental water, the environmental water cools the cooling liquid in the fuel cell through the keel heat exchanger, the internal cooling of the fuel cell is realized, the contact area between the heat exchanger and the environmental water is increased by the keel structure, and the cooling effect is better.

Further, the height of the anode exhaust port is higher than that of the first hydrogen storage device; the distance between the anode exhaust port and the first hydrogen storage device is more than or equal to 1 meter.

Further, the fuel cell power system for a ship according to the present utility model further comprises a second hydrogen storage device connected in parallel with the first hydrogen storage device.

Preferably, the hydrogen storage device is provided with two sets, and the two sets of hydrogen storage devices are connected in parallel, so that better redundancy is provided, and hydrogen can be provided for two independent fuel power modules. In addition, the types of the first hydrogen storage device and the second hydrogen storage device can be the same or different, namely, the first hydrogen storage device and the second hydrogen storage device can be high-pressure hydrogen storage, can be the combination of high-pressure hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage, can be the combination of liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage, and in a word, the two sets of hydrogen storage devices are connected in parallel, so that the hydrogen storage mode or the type has certain flexibility or diversity.

Furthermore, the ship is also provided with a lithium battery cabin, an electromechanical equipment cabin and a rudder propeller cabin; the fuel power module further comprises a lithium battery pack, a power distribution device and a propulsion device; the lithium battery pack is arranged in the lithium battery compartment; the power distribution device is arranged in the electromechanical equipment cabin; the propulsion device is arranged in the rudder propeller; the propulsion device is electrically connected with the power distribution device; the lithium battery pack is electrically connected with the fuel cell; the lithium battery and the fuel battery are respectively and electrically connected with the power distribution device.

The utility model adopts a standby principle, does not affect each other, the power generation module represented by each set of fuel cell is matched with a group of lithium batteries to carry out electric and electric mixing, each group of lithium batteries respectively uses independent shore power interfaces for charging the lithium batteries, and each group of lithium batteries is also provided with independent DC/DC.

The two sets of fuel power modules share the first hydrogen storage device and the second hydrogen storage device, and each set of fuel power module is provided with independent DC/DC to realize independent voltage modulation; each group of lithium batteries, fuel batteries and direct current busbar in the power distribution device form an independent power distribution network, two sets of power distribution networks share a daily distribution board, and separation of two sets of fuel power modules is realized at a physical end. In terms of functions, power required by the propulsion system is provided by the cooperation of the fuel cell and the lithium battery, and meanwhile, the fuel cell can reversely charge the lithium battery to maintain the SOC of the lithium battery in a reasonable range based on a design rule when the SOC of the lithium battery is smaller than a certain threshold value and meets charging conditions. In order to further ensure the safety of the whole ship and prevent any set of fuel cells or lithium batteries from losing efficacy, the utility model is provided with a controllable switch in the power distribution device, and when the power on one side loses efficacy, the power on the other side can be timely supplemented through a power distribution network.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

The marine fuel cell power system provided by the utility model adopts a standby integral framework, two sets of fuel cell power systems are not affected each other, two sets of fuel power modules share two sets of hydrogen storage devices which are connected in parallel, the redundancy and reliability of a ship are greatly improved, the arrangement positions of the hydrogen storage devices are safe, and the influence degree on the ship is reduced to the minimum; the cost is controllable, and the overall safety is improved.

The marine fuel cell power system provided by the utility model effectively utilizes the space of the ship, and the fuel power modules are ingeniously arranged in each cabin, so that the modules are safely isolated on one hand, and a safe and reliable solution is provided for the material and energy exchange of the fuel cell on the other hand.

The utility model adopts independent exhaust scheme for cathode exhaust and anode exhaust of the fuel cell, directly communicates the exhaust outlet with the atmosphere, reduces the exhaust leakage of the cathode and anode sides, simultaneously, the positions of the cathode exhaust port and the anode exhaust port are ingenious, reduces the influence on ships and ship personnel, and improves the safety of the whole ship design.

The air inlet system of the fuel cell directly sucks air from the fuel cell cabin, and fresh air is supplemented by the air inlet of the fuel cell cabin arranged on the driving deck, so that noise caused by the operation of the fuel cell and the like is limited or isolated in the fuel cell cabin, the influence on the comfort of the fuel cell power ship is reduced, ventilation of the fuel cell cabin and the fuel cell is enhanced, and the risk of hydrogen leakage and accumulation is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall layout of a marine fuel cell power system of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a marine fuel cell power system architecture according to the present utility model.

Detailed Description

The drawings in the embodiments are used for describing the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model in more detail. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the utility model. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present utility model and should not be construed as limiting the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model. Embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present application, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.

In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

Examples

The present embodiment provides a marine fuel cell power system, which is arranged as shown in fig. 1, and adopts a redundant arrangement of two sets of fuel cell power systems, wherein only the arrangement on the starboard side is shown, the arrangement on the port side is similar to that on the starboard side, the propulsion device 8 is located in the rudder propeller shaft 108, and is electrically connected with the power distribution device 7 in the electromechanical equipment shaft 107 as indicated by a dashed arrow, the lithium battery pack 6 is placed in the lithium battery shaft 106, and the power generation module represented by the fuel cell 2 is located in the fuel cell shaft 105.

Specifically, the fuel cell power system for a ship of the present embodiment includes a first hydrogen storage device 1 and two sets of fuel power modules connected in parallel with each other; the two groups of fuel power modules are respectively connected with the first hydrogen storage device 1; the vessel comprises a cabin 101, a main deck 102, a pilot deck 103 and a compass deck 104; the cabin 101 is arranged at the lower end of the main deck 102 and is provided with a fuel cell cabin 105; the driver deck 103 is higher than the main deck 102; the compass deck 104 is higher than the driver deck 103; the fuel power module includes a fuel cell 2, a cathode exhaust port 10 and an anode exhaust port 20 connected to the fuel cell 2 through pipes; the fuel cell 2 is provided in the fuel cell compartment 105; the cathode exhaust port 10 is arranged on one side of the main deck 102; the anode exhaust port 20 is arranged on the compass deck 104, and the first hydrogen storage device 1 is arranged on the compass deck 104 and is connected with the fuel cell 2 through a hydrogen storage pipeline 11.

The fuel power module further comprises a fuel cell compartment exhaust fan 3, wherein the fuel cell compartment exhaust fan 3 is arranged on one side of the main deck 102 and is used for exhausting gas in the fuel cell 2 out of the fuel cell compartment 105; the cathode exhaust 10 is juxtaposed with the fuel cell compartment exhaust fan 3.

The fuel power module further comprises a fuel cell cabin air inlet 4, the fuel cell cabin air inlet 4 comprises a ventilation cap 41 and a fuel cell cabin air inlet pipeline 42, the lower end of the fuel cell cabin air inlet pipeline 42 is connected with the fuel cell 2, the upper end of the fuel cell cabin air inlet pipeline is connected with the ventilation cap 41, and the ventilation cap 41 is communicated with the outside air.

The ventilator cap 41 is in this embodiment provided on the driver deck 103.

In another embodiment of the utility model the ventilator cap 41 is provided on the main deck 102.

In another embodiment of the present utility model, the ventilator cap 41 is disposed on the compass deck 104.

Preferably, the two groups of fuel power modules are respectively arranged on the port side and the starboard side of the ship, and are symmetrically arranged, and the drawing of the embodiment only shows one side.

The fuel power module further comprises a heat exchanger 5 connected to the fuel cell 2; the keel heat exchanger 5 is arranged at the bottom of the ship and is immersed in the environmental water; the ambient water realizes the temperature reduction of the heat generated by the fuel cell 2 through the heat exchange of the heat exchanger 5.

The heat exchanger 5 in this embodiment is a keel heat exchanger 5.

The anode exhaust port 20 in this embodiment is higher than the first hydrogen storage device 1; the distance between the anode exhaust port 20 and the first hydrogen storage device 1 is more than or equal to 1 meter.

The fuel cell power system for a ship according to the present utility model further includes a second hydrogen storage device connected in parallel with the first hydrogen storage device 1, which is not shown in the figure.

The ship is also provided with a lithium battery cabin 106, an electromechanical equipment cabin 107 and a rudder propeller cabin 108; the fuel power module further comprises a lithium battery pack 6, a power distribution device 7 and a propulsion device 8; the lithium battery pack 6 is arranged in the lithium battery compartment 106; the power distribution device 7 is arranged in the electromechanical equipment compartment 107; the propulsion device 8 is arranged in the rudder propeller device 108; the propulsion device 8 is electrically connected with the power distribution device 7; the lithium battery pack 6 is electrically connected to the fuel cell 2; the lithium battery and the fuel cell 2 are electrically connected to the power distribution device 7, respectively.

In this embodiment, only the starboard side of the ship is described, and the other arrangement of the port part of the cabin 101 and the deck is the same as described above, and will not be described again.

As illustrated in fig. 2, the power system including two sets of marine fuel cells 2 is implemented by using a standby principle, the power generation modules represented by each set of fuel cells 2 are matched with a set of lithium batteries for electric power mixing, and each set of lithium batteries respectively uses independent shore power interfaces for charging the lithium batteries, and each set of lithium batteries is also provided with independent DC/DC. The implementation arrows in fig. 2 are electrical connections and the dashed arrows are plumbing connections.

As shown in fig. 2, two sets of fuel cell 2 systems share a hydrogen storage device, and each set of fuel cell 2 is provided with independent DC/DC to realize independent voltage modulation; each group of lithium batteries, fuel batteries 2 and direct current busbar form an independent power distribution network, two sets of power distribution networks share a daily distribution board, and separation of two sets of fuel battery power systems is realized at a physical end. In terms of functions, power required by the propulsion system is provided by the fuel cell 2 and the lithium battery in a coordinated manner, and meanwhile, the fuel cell 2 can reversely charge the lithium battery to maintain the lithium battery SOC within a reasonable range based on design rules when the lithium battery SOC is smaller than a certain threshold value and meets charging conditions.

As shown in fig. 2, there are two sets of hydrogen storage devices, and the two sets of hydrogen storage devices are connected in parallel, so that better redundancy is provided, and hydrogen can be provided for the two independent sets of fuel cells 2. In order to further ensure the safety of the whole ship and prevent any set of lithium battery or fuel battery 2 from losing efficacy, a controllable switch is arranged in the power distribution device 7, and when the power on one side loses efficacy, the power on the other side can be timely supplemented through a power distribution network. In addition, the two sets of hydrogen storage devices can be the same or different in type, namely the hydrogen storage devices can be high-pressure hydrogen storage, can be the combination of high-pressure hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage, can be the combination of liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage, and have certain flexibility or diversity in hydrogen storage modes or types by adopting a mode of parallel connection of the two sets of hydrogen storage devices.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model and not for limiting the same, and although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make other changes and modifications within the spirit of the utility model, which are intended to be within the scope of the utility model, without departing from the technical spirit of the utility model. Such variations, which are in accordance with the spirit of the utility model, are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model as claimed.

Claims

1. The fuel cell power system for the ship is characterized by comprising a first hydrogen storage device (1) and two groups of fuel power modules which are mutually connected in parallel; the two groups of fuel power modules are respectively connected with the first hydrogen storage device (1);

The ship comprises a cabin (101), a main deck (102), a pilot deck (103) and a compass deck (104); the cabin (101) is arranged at the lower end of the main deck (102) and is provided with a fuel cell cabin (105); -the driving deck (103) is higher than the main deck (102); -the compass deck (104) is higher than the driving deck (103);

The fuel power module comprises a fuel cell (2), a cathode exhaust port (10) and an anode exhaust port (20) which are connected with the fuel cell (2) through pipelines;

The fuel cell (2) is arranged in the fuel cell cabin (105); the cathode exhaust port (10) is arranged on one side of the main deck (102); the anode exhaust port (20) is arranged on the compass deck (104), and the first hydrogen storage device (1) is arranged on the compass deck (104) and is connected with the fuel cell (2) through a hydrogen storage pipeline (11).

2. The marine fuel cell power system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel power module further comprises a fuel cell compartment exhaust fan (3), the fuel cell compartment exhaust fan (3) being provided on one side of the main deck (102) for exhausting gas in the fuel cell (2) location out of the fuel cell compartment (105); the cathode exhaust port (10) is arranged in parallel with the fuel cell compartment exhaust fan (3).

3. The marine fuel cell power system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fuel power module further comprises a fuel cell compartment intake port (4), the fuel cell compartment intake port (4) comprises a ventilation cap (41) and a fuel cell compartment intake duct (42), a lower end of the fuel cell compartment intake duct (42) is connected to the fuel cell (2), an upper end is connected to the ventilation cap (41), and the ventilation cap (41) communicates with the outside air.

4. A fuel cell power system for a ship according to claim 3, wherein the ventilator cap (41) is provided on a main deck (102), a pilot deck (103) or a compass deck (104).

5. The fuel cell power system for a ship according to claim 1, wherein the two sets of the fuel power modules are provided on a port side and a starboard side of the ship, respectively, and are symmetrically arranged.

6. The marine fuel cell power system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel power module further comprises a heat exchanger (5) connected to the fuel cell (2); the keel heat exchanger (5) is arranged at the bottom of the ship and immersed in the environmental water; the environmental water realizes the temperature reduction of heat generated by the fuel cell (2) through heat exchange of the heat exchanger (5).

7. The marine fuel cell power system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the heat exchanger (5) is a keel heat exchanger (5).

8. The fuel cell power system for a ship according to claim 1, wherein the anode exhaust port (20) is higher in height than the first hydrogen storage device (1); the distance between the anode exhaust port (20) and the first hydrogen storage device (1) is more than or equal to 1 meter.

9. The marine fuel cell power system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a second hydrogen storage device connected in parallel with the first hydrogen storage device (1).

10. The marine fuel cell power system of claim 1, wherein the marine vessel further comprises a lithium battery compartment (106), an electromechanical device compartment (107), and a rudder blade compartment (108); the fuel power module further comprises a lithium battery pack (6), a power distribution device (7) and a propulsion device (8); the lithium battery pack (6) is arranged in the lithium battery compartment (106); the power distribution device (7) is arranged in the electromechanical equipment cabin (107); the propulsion device (8) is arranged in the rudder propeller module (108);

The propulsion device (8) is electrically connected with the power distribution device (7); the lithium battery pack (6) is electrically connected with the fuel cell (2); the lithium battery and the fuel cell (2) are respectively electrically connected with the power distribution device (7).