CN2208593Y - Hydraulic dredge ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a hydraulic dredge ship used for dredging a fairway and regulating a bad river. The bottom of the ship is provided with a pelvic fin. The broad side of the ship is provided with a lumbar fin. The tail part of the ship is provided with a large-scale dragging plow. The hydraulic dredge ship drifts along the water stream to dig the river, huge impact force of water is captured by the two fins, the ship is forcedly driven to travel, the plow is dragged, and the river is dug. The utility model has the advantages of low technology, simple structure, easy fabrication, labor saving and high efficiency. The hydraulic dredge ship is used for dredging a riverway in a maintenance mode to eliminate movable sand heaps, sand waves and shallow bulges which hinder the navigation. The hydraulic dredge ship is used for dredging an estuary to enhance the ability of navigable fairway for a river and a sea. The hydraulic dredge ship is used for digging a river in a rectification mode for midstream and downstream to recover and deepen a main channel, enlarge the sectional area and the inflow rate of water turbine of a river bed to ensure that a catastrophic flood can safely enter a sea.

Description

Hydraulic dredge ship

The technical program belongs to hydraulic engineering, relates to a kind of structure and use of novel hydropower dredge ship.

Various modern large-scale dredge boats, technical sophistication equipment precision, thereby investment is big, power consumption is huge, cost is high, the still difficult people's will to the greatest extent of effect; China initiates successfully " waterpower along rake ship " (seeing the 136th page of " mountainous waterway regulation " volume two) but still has defective more (seeing the contrast of the new and old technology of this paper the 5th joint for details) general knowledge as can be known before 1 year: if gravel pebbles is broken into its total surface area of sand thousand times of increases, sand and sand milling are wiped resistance also greater than thousand times of frictional resistances between the cobble during raking, so suitable rake ship can be harrowed and be dug ovum gravel riverbed, may not dig dark middle and lower reaches silt alluvial riverbed.

The purpose of the technical program: a kind of simple equipment of packing technique that adds on hull is provided, opens this equipment when digging the river and can intercept and capture huge impact of water and realize pushing boat by force row, drag plough to dig the river.

Its objective is such realization: install abdomeinal fin at the bottom of the dredge ship additional, two shipboard loaded waist fins and spiral arm, the arm end is adorned large-scale drag plough and outstanding dried up: floating downstream and makes the capstan winch counter-rotating amplify plough when boat is dug the river to sink to the bottom, simultaneously two fins open by being close to hull and are head-on vertical with current, can be used to dig the river than the impact of water that highly faired hull is intercepted and captured big manyfold.

This programme beneficial effect compared with prior art:

1, hull can not collided, be damaged to the plow harrow lifting of this dredge ship; 2, it is bow suitable boat operation forward, is easy to handle than the existing operation that falls back; 3, changing by beach segmentation operation is long distance, works continuously; 4, no matter but the shallow even clean ship of depth of water water can also operation of reeve; 5, can slide automatically and skip various obstructions and work continuously; But no matter 6 ovum, gravel or all operations of silt alluvial river bed; But 7, no matter fast, the slow all operations of flow velocity needn't " wait that water level raises, flow velocity is accelerated ... " and more need not to increase the many ships of tugboat and drive to drag by force plow harrow at full speed; 8, the still planing wood of planing tool is dug in the big ploughing of Yin Benfa, only make the plough face and the sand bed that reclines between rub, resistance naturally very Xiao Yi cut by colter and dig into plate and broken up by river.9, in the middle of the bigger and ploughshare mouth of ploughshare weight obtuse angle (30) is arranged, most advanced and sophisticated ovum, the riverbed that gravel density is big broken through earlier, the whole ploughshare incision of strong band riverbed again, and need not " doing loosening blasting with explosive earlier "; 10, it both can make maintenance dredging, can make middle and lower reaches regulation property again and dig the river; 11, the operator is few, and labour intensity is little, saves energy consumption and cost, and each point to sum up makes and digs the river effect and be expected to improve nearly ten times.

In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the technical program is described further:

Fig. 1, waterpower dredge ship lateral view Fig. 2, dig the river principle and the operation vertical view

Fig. 3, hull optional equipment rear elevation Fig. 4, evil river river bed cross section and regulation method schematic diagram

As Fig. 1,2 for the investment-saving can with the clean ship operation of eliminating can be not run-down obsolete vessel, two sides of a ship install waist fin (5) shape such as door-plate appearance side of a ship height under water additional, wide be the beam half, usefulness hinge (1) links to each other with side of a ship wall with pivot (2).Abdomeinal fin (7) is wide as horizontal vertical door-plate to be one times of the beam with side of a ship height is long under water, and horizontal axis capstan (11) being arranged and drag cable (6) topside dress spiral arm (8) end has large-scale plough (16) shape such as the bulldozer cleaning shoe of dragging.Stern tower seat (13) has the lifting of little capstan (12) with hinge cable (14) control plough.Fig. 2 F cable Y cable that links to each other with the waist fin links to each other with abdomeinal fin, and the short cable of X makes F and Y cable with linking to each other with the horizontal axis capstan again, and capstan is just being changeed and shunk two fins and be close to hull to subtract the contrary resistance that navigates; Counter-rotating is then loosened two fins and is opened to dig the river.Ship drags the same beam of the wide drinking water length together of big plough, and its bolt V that continues to use a row and pocket knife disjunctor down installs the new ploughshare that changes the outfit after hard thick Hua Kou (17) is convenient to wear and tear; Pocket knife breaks up and in small, broken bits being beneficial to of the clod turned over cutting with flowing into the sea.

Ship drags big plough to play watertight shutter again and strengthens the intercepting and capturing impact of water.The impact of water that two fins and big plough are intercepted and captured all concentrates on the joint portion of rotary arm shaft A and two fin hinges and hull (18), easily makes the impaired event of local hull should add weldering and assists steel plate B, guarantees safety to enlarge stress surface.Fin, plough are sheet metal component.Two fins are installed and area such as Fig. 3 U solid line.The spiral arm end have sleeve spring (15) preceding with can movable base link with plough top O behind the N, and have leading screw L to link to each other with fixed pedestal G foremost.Flood just rises or the flood fall phase is dug the river, sinks lowlyer because of water deepens big plough, and ploughshare inserts the too small and cultivated difficulty of digging of angle in riverbed; But the turn screw mandrel was transferred movable base and was moved to fixed pedestal this moment, and Hua Kou is also moved to the Q direction by P and can add mitre, was convenient to do deep water and ploughed and dig.Be that imaginary leakage removes Da Shi on the I.

As Fig. 4, selecting a desirable major trough line earlier is the little concrete body of ditch dug with a plow (24) the high 20CM that equidistantly jettisonings along the line, the pinnacle have the ring system rope drag an extreme high water (20) still the red buoy (22) of floatation surface (19) again with in the selected major trough scope, the various obstructions that are sunken to the riverbed are salvaged unloading ashore, ship sails torrent earlier into and the float downstream of stopping when digging the river, amplifies the heavy water cutting of plough again and goes into riverbed (25) and plough the powerful resistance that digs and make ship promptly stop float.At this moment, river is flow backwards by the stern-on bow, three cables are loosened in automatically controlled horizontal axis capstan counter-rotating makes two fins loosening, automatically controlled again automatic coupling (3) is broken off relations, waist fin inboard is subjected to side of a ship wall brute spring (4) pushing tow and parts a little, make port and starboard all form HK crack as Fig. 2, the high current of scurrying into crack pushes away the waist fin and revolves and move on to DE and HJ.Abdomeinal fin is former be close to hull bottom at ST because of the cable pine, gravity and water dash and revolve and move on to the SR position; Such two fins are promptly dragged fixed and head-on vertical with current; Waterpower is big, can dash and turns over and its vertical Da Shi that heads on, bridge, railway, dykes and dams ... so the powerful impact of water that two fins the are intercepted and captured row of can pushing boat by force fully drags plough to dig the river.

When digging the river if meet to leak the dead-wood that removes again, dead anchor, Da Shi, Hua Kou are stumbled by resistance and move on to Q by P and become to lean forward shape and be easy to sliding skipping, the plough top then moving on to N and compression sleeve spring by O, the sliding rear spring of skipping pushes away it again and keeps in the center.Abdomeinal fin is met obstacle or shoal and is also revolved to T by R because of being stumbled by resistance and move, sliding skip obstruction after waterpower again with its refunds SR original position.Begin to dig the river and need not shrink two fins again, the short cable-end of X portion cleek can be taken down from little ring Z, F and Y cable can be moved by action need.Float dredge ship speed lost efficacy a little less than the flow velocity rudder downstream, and second effect of waist fin is to grasp the course for rudder; The waist fin was at DE and HJ when straight line dug the river, if need the rotation of the left-hand rotation then automatically controlled vertical axis capstan in course (10) inhour, the short driving-chain M of its gear interlock moves right, a left side that links to each other is dragged cable and is shortened, be folded to through truckle (9) and drag left waist fin and revolve and move on to HK, right fin is dragged cable because of the right side and is prolonged by the water detrusion to DC, just makes right fin be subjected to impact of water greater than left fin, the dredge ship course of turning left naturally.Otherwise, the course of then turning right, and can handle flexibly.

Dredge ship makes the river bed dig out especially big ditch dug with a plow along being scheduled to cultivated repeatedly the digging of navigation mark line, again every year by peach. volt. and autumn flood is constantly towards the wide new riverbed in dark formation dry season that dashes; Because of plough to dig throughout the year new bottom land is constantly reduced again, the dark more slide gesture of major trough is violent more; More because of bottom land is lower than the shifting bed string ditch in dry season, Cha He makes in the low water complete set and goes into groove.So, then water is more poly-, and gesture heals violent, and water is more anxious, and husky healing slips, even also can bring into play souring dry season; There is this quadruple effect that silt easily is flushed away, more makes the sand of newly arriving be difficult to alluvial and with flowing into the sea.

The riverbed by in. low water dashes dark. the river shoal the scope of washing away (26) of flood constantly washed away just like the silt of the continuous avalanche in loess plateau by flood, beach face (25) is dashed washes in a pan the cutting established practice along neat inclined-plane, constantly be reduced to below the ground line (29) with the riverbed again, aboveground river returned heavily again be subterranean stream; Equaling to have reinforced greatly embankment (28) has again increased levee crown (27) and has enlarged the long-pending and inflow-rate of water turbine of river bed cross section, make perennial flood period drop to the extraodinary flood that middle water level (21) thousand years is met, become that perennial flood period position (20) nature can hold and safe wash with watercolours leaks into the sea.

Few and shallow as the full withered phase river width water of Jingjiang major trough silt, more slow the alluvial more of the wide flat rubbing surface increase current in riverbed; Dredge ship can recover and deepen major trough, and not only big the and withered phase afflux of scouring force in flood season is returned groove, dwindles rubbing surface and accelerates flow velocity, the withered phase is not become silted up can wash away on the contrary, is expected to remove the secret worry of Jingjiang flood trouble.The slow alluvial of rivers middle and lower reaches river width water is heavier and the wideer flow velocity of estuary river surface is more slow, adds that to be subjected to the tidal lockup river not flow alluvial heavier again; So waist, abdomeinal fin area can be enlarged one to several times again, as Fig. 3 W dotted line, (the extremely wide boat that never hinders of river surface) is convenient in low flow velocity section intercept and capture equally powerful impact of water also can dig the river.(23) be low water level.

General silt that the river is taken has carefully. in. thick branch is expected middle fine sand with said method and is gone into the sea by desilting; Owing to the torrent impulse still bed material stirred and washed in a pan formations that the suspends phenomenon of " taking off the river bed ", rough sand still might part be washed away into the sea, will batture but amass extraordinarily thick sand or gravel year day of a specified duration.So can imitate the dragon-bone water lift principle, ten dredge ships are weaved into the every ship of column just as joint keel, two fins and big plough are just like bailing plate, the sand that big plough has dug. and gravel mixes before every plate in the water; And for example " chain type tandem cleaning shoe " is general, borrows powerful drag force row grit to go into the sea.

The downstream, river emptying into the sea is the alluvial plain, water surface gradient unexpectedly low to 100,000/, the alluviation continuity is extended the river mouth, thereby river course lengthening water surface gradient is more subtracted, make the more slow alluvial of current more heavily form vicious circle again, more can cause also that because of the river mouth severe siltation " alluvial of tracing to the source " is as above serious threat Wuhan to Jiujiang of depositing of having traced to the source, the Changjiang river; The shoal big day high boat that seriously hinders that increases day by day day." the Changjiang river is in decline for people's lamentation! " be expected to slow down the river mouth extension speed with above-mentioned each method, but will deal with problems as early as possible and at all, the method for following " strengthening the major trough gradient " can be tried.

Suppose that with Wusong mouth be starting point, upstream whenever divide a job step into, to about 11 job steps in Wuhan apart from 100KM; Carry out segmentation and plough and to dig, it is homeward to Wusong mouth promptly to dig 100KM from the downward shifting cultivation in the first job step upstream, connects that to dig two sections 200KM homeward again for second time downwards from second section, increases for every time to dig one section and dig altogether 11 times to Wuhan backward again.Suppose that each ship of column only digs dark half meter for every time altogether, Wusong mouth falls 5.5 meters under having dug and having made ditch dug with a plow for 11 times, because of each section backward successively decreases time time and the degree of depth; Only dig to the Wuhan latter end and only to have descended for one time half meter.This method may extend to Yichang, to strengthen the major trough gradient completely.Current are accelerated real realization the " silt beach brush groove " naturally also stops the vicious circle of estuary sedimentation disappearance " alluvial of tracing to the source "." headcut scour " is all the objective law of river load motion, and the maintainability that backward or else breaks is ploughed to dig and made channel gradient keep evenly can becoming the benign cycle of " headcut scour " naturally again, makes water day dark, and boat day is smooth, is expected to reverse " decline in the Changjiang river ".Cooperate the comprehensive regulations such as " water and soil conservations ", or be expected to solve a mortal malady of the Yellow River.

The engineering of " curving cut-off " is to be used to shorten the river course, the method " exhibition is curved near straight " that strengthens channel gradient also in like manner, promptly when selecting desirable major trough line, the choosing in the middle of the riverbed of all straight lines river course, tortuous channel is not then searched the root scour for degree from the nearlyer convex bank that makes of convex bank, and is then farther from concave bank.So both be beneficial to and shortened the river course and improve, and also reduced the dangerous section and be beneficial to flood safety wash with watercolours and leak into the sea than falling.Be hidden in sand hill under water. bed ripples and shoal, and the shoal that the withered phase of the middle of the river that lies across surfaces all hinders boat, THE LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY promptly has the Yellow River, 70 many places more; When opening up curved nearly directly necessary process or crosscut shoal, should utilize and take advantage of flood season dredge ship to float on middle high water level, cross over to plough on the shoal and dig, cut shoal by force and dig out ditch dug with a plow and realize it for realization.

The riverbed undulating injustice, during primary excavation before the column ship meet shoal etc., plough that to dig resistance especially big and make float deceleration or all standing, but do not dig follow-up ship on earth, because of speed comparatively fast must with preceding foul; The big plough of the first ship of column only is deposited on the highest shoal top of protuberance, and each ship heavy plough degree of depth 5CM that falls progressively can avoid backward.Also can try other method: promptly each bow tail is all adorned the automatic coupling of similar train, each ship of column is connected be barricaded as integral body, can be with each ship fin. and the impact of water that plough is intercepted and captured also becomes to make a concerted effort, and makes to plough to dig the ship that the is obstructed ground, top of delaying before by each ship of tandem and force to advance.

Dig distributary in the Xinhe River in order on the alluvial plain, to realize curving cut-off or opening fast.Elder generation's size fractionation is built serial dredge ship, the first order is " model ship " long 1 meter wide 0.3 meter, same by selected circuit, dig wide 1 meter ditch and diversion in advance and go into ditch, model ship is ploughed with the specimen page fin is heavy in ditch, bow is that the bamboo pole people holds pole along ditch walking manipulation, and it is 3 meters dark half meter that cultivated repeatedly ditching cunette side is widened ditch; Change long 3 meters wide 1 meter of the second level " miniature ship " again, the people just can go up by ship and handle, and continues to plough to dig and expands dark broadening ditch, changes big dredge ship more step by step, up to finishing.

China's modern age, famous hydraulic expert Li Yi happiness was once placed hope on invention " machinery of greatness " in the future ... and point out to utilize waterpower to dig four conditions in river: 1, labor cost is economic; 2, tool retractility is not lost its usefulness with the transition in riverbed; 3, do not hinder the natural work of riverbed degradation; 4, can need by environment at any time and gain.Perhaps, this case meets above-mentioned condition.

Solve the river mouth entrance bar and belonged to difficult problem, and with after waterpower dredge ship and the artificial increasing " headcut scour ", cause very large amount silt that enters boundary, sea, river scope, the entrance bar problem more will be difficult to resolve determines, even stop up the sea, river and open the navigation or air flight, though the simple device and the method for solution are arranged in addition,, have to narrate in a separate paper because of belonging to another technology category.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of dredge ship that utilizes waterpower to wash in a pan beach, desilting, form by power ship, spiral arm (8) watertight shutter (16) capstan winch (12) chain cable (6) (14), the technical program is characterised in that: two sides of a ship of dredge ship install additional and can need open and close flexibly by operation, can change the waist fin (5) of vertical angle not only and install the abdomeinal fin (7) that can open and close but also can jump over automatically the riverbed obstacle flexibly alow again additional; Install Hua Kou (17) additional in the watertight shutter lower edge.

2, waterpower dredge ship according to claim 1, its feature also has: the horizontal axis capstan winch (11) that has control waist fin, abdomeinal fin to open and close on the dredge ship deck; Other has can control waist fin and side of a ship wall angle flexibly, with the vertical axis capstan (10) of management of a ship line direction.

3, waterpower dredge ship according to claim 1 and 2, its feature has again: the spiral arm afterbody of dredge ship has movable base N to connect sleeved spring (15) and is connected with watertight shutter top O; Also have fixed pedestal G to connect dress leading screw L again on the left side of movable base and be connected with movable base.

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