CN220821629U

CN220821629U - Fuel cell polar plate structure

Info

Publication number: CN220821629U
Application number: CN202322551692.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁东红
Original assignee: Shenzhen Center Power Tech Co Ltd; Shenzhen Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Center Power Tech Co Ltd; Shenzhen Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-09-20
Filing date: 2023-09-20
Publication date: 2024-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2033-09-20

Abstract

The application provides a fuel cell polar plate structure, which is suitable for a fuel cell and comprises a polar plate body, wherein one side surface of the polar plate body is provided with a plurality of linear flow channels, and each linear flow channel is mutually parallel; each linear flow channel comprises a first port, a flow channel body and a second port which are sequentially connected; the flow channel body is provided with a plurality of mutually independent through holes, each through hole is communicated with the corresponding flow channel body, and an included angle formed by intersecting each through hole with the flow channel body is an acute angle. According to the application, through holes are arranged on the flow channel body, so that the flow field of the fuel cell polar plate forms a semi-open flow field, and meanwhile, the heat dissipation surface area of the polar plate is effectively increased; the contained angle that crossing formation of through-hole and runner body is the acute angle, can make the water of membrane electrode reaction production take away from the through-hole fast for polar plate flow field has certain ability of moisturizing, can prevent effectively that the membrane electrode from excessively drying leads to the problem that performance decline and life-span decay fast.

Description

Fuel cell polar plate structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell polar plate structure.

Background

The hydrogen fuel cell has the advantages of cleanness, environmental protection, simple structure and the like. With the continuous and deep research of hydrogen fuel cells, the fuel cells are integrated into our daily lives, such as various vehicle systems (hydrogen fuel cell buses, logistics vehicles, heavy trucks, sanitation vehicles and the like), standby power sources, household energy storage devices and the like. The single battery of the fuel cell is generally composed of a polar plate and a membrane electrode, and a plurality of single batteries are connected in series to form the fuel cell, so that high-voltage output can be realized, and the required voltage and power can be output, namely the fuel cell stack.

Fuel cells are generally classified into liquid-cooled fuel cells and air-cooled fuel cells. The prior liquid cooling type fuel cell has more auxiliary parts, large volume, heavy weight and great limitation on application. The air-cooled fuel cell has more applications in small-power application scenes such as small-sized two-wheelers, tricycles, unmanned aerial vehicles, emergency power supplies and the like due to the advantages of few auxiliary devices, simple structure, simple control and the like. However, as the cathode of the air-cooled fuel cell adopts a fully-opened runner, the temperature and humidity are difficult to couple; when the rotating speed of the fan is high, the temperature of the electric pile can be reduced, but the membrane electrode is dried; when the fan rotation speed is slow, it is difficult to maintain the stack temperature in an ideal range although the humidity of the membrane electrode can be maintained. Therefore, the air-cooled fuel cell has problems such as uneven heat dissipation and difficulty in temperature-humidity coupling.

Disclosure of utility model

Based on the above, the embodiment of the utility model provides a fuel cell polar plate structure, which aims to solve the problems of uneven heat dissipation, difficult temperature and humidity coupling and the like of the conventional air-cooled fuel cell. The utility model has simple structure, and the design of the through holes is arranged on the parallel straight flow channels, so that the cathodes of the fuel cell polar plates form a semi-open flow field, and the temperature and the humidity of the electric pile can be effectively regulated and controlled.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a fuel cell plate structure, which is suitable for a fuel cell, and includes a plate body, wherein a side surface of the plate body is provided with a plurality of linear flow channels, and each linear flow channel is arranged in parallel with each other;

each linear flow channel comprises a first port, a flow channel body and a second port which are sequentially connected; the flow channel body is provided with a plurality of mutually independent through holes, each through hole is communicated with the corresponding flow channel body, and an included angle formed by intersecting each through hole with the flow channel body is an acute angle.

In the embodiment of the application, the flow field of the fuel cell polar plate forms a semi-open flow field by arranging the through holes on the flow channel body, and the heat dissipation surface area of the polar plate is effectively increased; the contained angle that crossing formation of through-hole and runner body is the acute angle, even makes through-hole and runner body form the slope, can make the water of membrane electrode reaction production take away from the through-hole fast for polar plate flow field has certain moisturizing ability, can prevent effectively that the membrane electrode from excessively drying leads to performance decline and life-span quick decay's problem. The number and the positions of the through holes can be set according to the actual use requirement, so that the heat dissipation surface area of the whole polar plate runner can be freely regulated and controlled, the polar plate is prevented from being locally overheated, and the whole use performance of the fuel cell is effectively improved.

As a preferred embodiment, the aperture of each through hole is adapted to the width of the corresponding runner body.

As a preferred embodiment, the aperture of each through hole is the same as the width of the corresponding flow channel body.

As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of the through holes on the same flow channel body are arranged at equal intervals.

As a preferred embodiment, a NiTi memory alloy sheet is arranged in each through hole; the NiTi memory alloy sheet is arranged in a matching way with the fuel cell. The phase adaptation means that the NiTi memory alloy sheet can adapt to the working temperature of the fuel cell. The NiTi memory alloy sheets have different crystal structures at different temperatures through different local temperatures of the fuel cell, and the NiTi memory alloy sheets can shrink or expand and deform when the temperature changes, so that the temperature control purpose is achieved.

As a preferable implementation mode, the included angle formed by the intersection of each through hole and the runner body is 10-60 degrees. Through the included angle formed and the degree of the included angle controlled, the through hole and the runner body form a gradient, so that water produced by membrane electrode reaction can be taken away from the through hole rapidly, the polar plate flow field has certain moisturizing capability, and the problems of performance degradation and rapid service life attenuation caused by overdrying of the membrane electrode can be effectively prevented.

As a preferred embodiment, each of the through holes is a bevel-mouth through hole or a straight-mouth through hole.

As a preferred embodiment, the through hole and the runner body are integrally formed; the first port, the runner body and the second port are integrally formed.

In a preferred embodiment, the through holes at the same position on the plurality of runner bodies are arranged in a straight line.

As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of the linear flow channels are arranged at equal intervals; each linear flow channel is arranged in parallel with the polar plate body.

As a preferred embodiment, the other side surface of the polar plate body is provided with a serpentine or bionic structure runner.

As a preferred embodiment, when the other side surface of the polar plate body is provided with a serpentine flow channel, the flow direction of the serpentine flow channel is perpendicular to the flow direction of the linear flow channel.

The structure of the application has the following technical effects:

(1) According to the utility model, through holes are arranged on the flow channel body, so that the flow field of the fuel cell polar plate forms a semi-open flow field, and meanwhile, the heat dissipation surface area of the polar plate is effectively increased; the contained angle that crossing formation of through-hole and runner body is the acute angle, even makes through-hole and runner body form the slope, can make the water of membrane electrode reaction production take away from the through-hole fast for polar plate flow field has certain moisturizing ability, can prevent effectively that the membrane electrode from excessively drying leads to performance decline and life-span quick decay's problem.

(2) The intervals of the through holes can also be unevenly distributed so as to achieve the purpose of balancing the uneven temperature of the reactor core of the air-cooled fuel cell and balancing the potential difference of each part.

(3) The Ni Ti memory alloy sheets are arranged at the through holes, so that the purpose of automatically controlling the temperature difference of each part of the temperature balance fuel cell can be achieved, and the temperature uniformity of each section and the middle and two ends of the single sheet of the fuel cell is better.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a fuel cell plate structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the partial structure of FIG. 1 at A;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 at BB;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the partial structure of fig. 3 at C.

The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom … …) are included in the embodiments of the present utility model, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.

In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.

In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present utility model, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present utility model.

According to the application, through the through holes are formed in the linear flow channels and are communicated with the linear flow channels, when the polar plate is tightly attached to the membrane electrode, the air duct formed by the heat dissipation fan can be used for taking away heat generated by the fuel cell, and the through holes have certain moisture retention capacity, so that the membrane electrode of the galvanic pile can be effectively prevented from being too low in humidity.

When the temperature near the through hole of the fuel cell polar plate is too high, the shape memory alloy sheet is in an expansion and relaxation form, the wind resistance of air circulation at the through hole is reduced, the air flow is increased, and the temperature of a galvanic pile is reduced; when the temperature near the through hole of the fuel cell is low, the shape memory alloy sheet is in a contracted state, the wind resistance of the air at the through hole is increased, the air flow is reduced, and the temperature of the electric pile is increased. By means of expansion and contraction of the shape memory alloy sheet, local wind resistance of the polar plate can be effectively controlled, and the purpose of temperature equalization is achieved. That is, by providing the through-hole and providing the shape memory alloy sheet at the through-hole, automatic adjustment of the humidity and temperature of the air-cooled fuel cell plate can be achieved.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a fuel cell plate structure, which is suitable for a fuel cell, and includes a plate body 10, wherein a side surface of the plate body 10 is provided with a plurality of linear flow channels 11, and each linear flow channel 11 is arranged in parallel with each other;

Each linear flow channel 11 comprises a first port 111, a flow channel body 112 and a second port 113 which are sequentially connected; the flow channel body 112 is provided with a plurality of mutually independent through holes 20, each through hole 20 is communicated with the corresponding flow channel body 112, and an included angle formed by intersecting each through hole 20 with the flow channel body 112 is an acute angle.

In the embodiment of the application, the through holes 20 are arranged on the flow channel body 112, so that the flow field of the fuel cell polar plate forms a semi-open flow field, and the heat dissipation surface area of the polar plate is effectively increased; the intersection angle formed by the through holes 20 and the runner body 112 is an acute angle, namely the through holes 20 and the runner body 112 form a gradient, so that water produced by membrane electrode reaction can be taken away from the through holes 20 rapidly, the polar plate flow field has certain moisture retention capacity, and the problems of performance degradation and rapid service life attenuation caused by overdry of the membrane electrode can be effectively prevented.

The number and the positions of the through holes 20 can be set according to the actual use requirement, so that the heat dissipation surface area of the whole polar plate runner can be freely regulated and controlled, and further the local overheating of the polar plate is avoided, and the whole use performance of the fuel cell is effectively improved. Specifically, in this embodiment, eight through holes 20 are generally disposed on the same flow channel body, and eight through holes 20 are disposed at equal intervals. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, seven, nine, ten, etc. through holes 20 may be provided in the same flow channel body.

As a preferred embodiment, the aperture of each through hole 20 is adapted to the width of the corresponding runner body 112.

As a preferred embodiment, the aperture of each through hole 20 is the same as the width of the corresponding flow channel body 112.

In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of through holes 20 are disposed at equal intervals on the same flow channel body 112.

As a preferred embodiment, a Ni ti-type memory alloy sheet 30 is disposed in each of the through holes 20; the N iTi memory alloy sheets 30 are arranged in a matching way with the fuel cell. The adaptation means that the Ni Ti-based memory alloy sheet 30 can adapt to the operating temperature of the fuel cell. The Ni T i memory alloy sheet 30 has different crystal structures at different temperatures through different local temperatures of the fuel cell, and the Ni Ti memory alloy sheet 30 can shrink or expand and deform when the temperature changes, so that the temperature control purpose is achieved.

In a preferred embodiment, the angle formed by each through hole 20 intersecting the flow channel body 112 is between 10 ° and 60 °. That is, the degree of the angle formed between the bottom surface of the through hole 20 and the bottom surface of the flow path body 112 is 10 ° to 60 ° with the bottom surface of the flow path body 112 as the bottom. Through the included angle formed and the degree of the included angle controlled, the through hole 20 and the runner body 112 form a gradient, so that water produced by membrane electrode reaction can be taken away from the through hole rapidly, the polar plate flow field has certain moisturizing capability, and the problems of performance degradation and rapid service life attenuation caused by overdrying of the membrane electrode can be effectively prevented.

The degree of the included angle can be set according to the actual use requirement, and can be set to 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees or the like.

For the same polar plate body, the degrees of the included angles of the through holes arranged on all the runner bodies are generally set to be the same, so that the overall gas flow velocity of the polar plate can be well parallel, the consistency of the overall gas flow velocity of the polar plate is ensured, the drainage of the runner is effectively promoted, and the overall consistency of the polar plate performance is ensured.

As a preferred embodiment, each of the through holes 20 is a bevel-mouth through hole or a straight-mouth through hole.

As a preferred embodiment, the through hole 20 is integrally formed with the flow channel body 112; the first port 111, the flow channel body 112, and the second port 113 are integrally formed.

In a preferred embodiment, the through holes 20 at the same position on the plurality of runner bodies 112 are arranged in a straight line. Therefore, the whole gas flow velocity of the polar plate can be well parallel, so that the consistency of the whole gas flow velocity of the polar plate is ensured, and the drainage of the flow channel is effectively promoted.

As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of the linear runners 11 are arranged at equal intervals; each linear runner 11 is disposed parallel to the electrode plate body 10.

As a preferred embodiment, the other side surface of the polar plate body 10 is provided with a serpentine flow channel 12 or a flow channel with a bionic structure. Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the other side surface of the plate body 10 is provided with a serpentine flow channel 12.

As a preferred embodiment, when the other side surface of the plate body 10 is provided with a serpentine flow channel 12, the flow direction of the serpentine flow channel 12 is perpendicular to the flow direction of the linear flow channel 11.

According to the utility model, through holes are arranged on the flow channel body, so that the flow field of the fuel cell polar plate forms a semi-open flow field, and meanwhile, the heat dissipation surface area of the polar plate is effectively increased; the contained angle that crossing formation of through-hole and runner body is the acute angle, even makes through-hole and runner body form the slope, can make the water of membrane electrode reaction production take away from the through-hole fast for polar plate flow field has certain moisturizing ability, can prevent effectively that the membrane electrode from excessively drying leads to performance decline and life-span quick decay's problem.

In the structure of the application, the intervals of the through holes can also be unevenly distributed so as to achieve the purpose of balancing the uneven temperature of the core of the air-cooled fuel cell and balancing the potential difference of each part.

The structure of the application is provided with the NiTi memory alloy sheets 30 at each through hole, thereby achieving the purpose of automatically controlling the temperature difference of each part of the temperature balance fuel cell and leading the temperature uniformity of each section and the middle and two ends of the single sheet of the fuel cell to be better.

The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present utility model and the accompanying drawings or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. The fuel cell polar plate structure is characterized by being suitable for a fuel cell and comprising a polar plate body, wherein one side surface of the polar plate body is provided with a plurality of linear flow channels, and each linear flow channel is mutually parallel;

2. The fuel cell plate structure according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of each through hole is adapted to the width of the corresponding flow channel body.

3. The fuel cell plate structure according to claim 2, wherein the aperture of each through-hole is the same as the width of the corresponding flow channel body.

4. The fuel cell plate structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the through holes located on the same flow channel body are arranged at equal intervals.

5. The fuel cell plate structure according to claim 1, wherein a NiTi-based memory alloy sheet is provided in each of the through holes; the NiTi memory alloy sheet is arranged in a matching way with the fuel cell.

6. The fuel cell plate structure according to claim 1, wherein the angle formed by each through hole intersecting the flow channel body is 10 ° to 60 ° in degrees of an acute angle.

7. The fuel cell plate structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the through holes is a bevel-mouth through hole or a straight-mouth through hole;

The through hole and the runner body are integrally formed; the first port, the runner body and the second port are integrally formed.

8. The fuel cell plate structure according to claim 1, wherein the through holes at the same positions on the plurality of flow channel bodies are arranged in a straight line.

9. The fuel cell plate structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the linear flow channels are arranged at equal intervals; each linear flow channel is arranged in parallel with the polar plate body;

the other side surface of the polar plate body is provided with a flow passage with a snake-shaped or bionic structure.

10. The fuel cell plate structure according to claim 9, wherein when the other side face of the plate body is provided with a serpentine flow channel, the flow direction of the serpentine flow channel is arranged perpendicularly to the flow direction of the linear flow channel.