CN220815648U - Cutter head with plasma torch - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of tunnel excavation equipment, in particular to a cutterhead with a plasma torch, which comprises a cutterhead and a rotary conveying device, wherein the cutterhead is provided with the plasma torch and a liquid nitrogen nozzle, the plasma torch is arranged at the front side of the running direction of a hob, and the liquid nitrogen nozzle is arranged between the plasma torch and the hob; the rotary conveying device comprises a rotary part assembly and a fixed part assembly which rotate relatively, the rotary part assembly rotates along with the cutterhead, and channels for conveying ion gas, liquid nitrogen, current and cooling water to the cutterhead are respectively arranged in the rotary conveying device at different distances from the axis. The high-energy density and high-temperature characteristics of the plasma jet are applied to the weakening direction of the rock, and the plasma torch is combined with the TBM cutterhead to realize pretreatment weakening before rock rolling; the liquid nitrogen nozzle is arranged behind the plasma torch by utilizing the characteristic that the rock is easy to damage due to the heat and the cold impact, so that the rock is weakened again.

Description

Cutter head with plasma torch

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of tunnel excavation equipment, in particular to a cutterhead with a plasma torch.

Background

Full face tunnel boring machine (Tunnel Boring Machine, TBM) is the main equipment for tunnel excavation. Rock with extremely high hardness and extremely high abrasiveness is frequently encountered in the tunnel excavation and tunneling process, so that the rock breaking efficiency is low and the cutter abrasion is serious. Project experience in the Norway hydroelectric age (the 80 th 20 th century) with TBM tunneling has shown that the wear characteristics of rock can have a + -30% impact on the cost of tunneling. With respect to the research of hard rock breaking, the traditional mechanical energy rock breaking method has a plurality of applications, including a mechanical rock breaking method, a blasting method and the like. Researchers have proposed novel rock breaking methods, such as particle impact rock breaking technology, laser rock breaking technology, microwave rock breaking technology, plasma pulse rock breaking technology, supercritical water rock breaking technology, electron beam rock breaking technology, etc., which are all in the research stage and are at a certain distance from wide-range application. The plasma is a fourth state substance different from solid, liquid and gas, is ionized gas and is in a highly excited state, the flame core temperature can reach 10000K, and the plasma has the characteristics of high heat flow density and high heat conduction. Arc thermal plasmas are also widely used in the fields of spraying, cutting, welding, waste treatment, metallurgy, chemical industry and the like.

Disclosure of utility model

The utility model aims to solve the problems and provides a cutterhead with a plasma torch, which adopts the following technical scheme:

The cutter head with the plasma torch comprises the cutter head and a rotary conveying device, wherein the cutter head is provided with the plasma torch and a liquid nitrogen nozzle, the plasma torch is arranged at the front side of the hob in the advancing direction, and the liquid nitrogen nozzle is arranged between the plasma torch and the hob; the number of the plasma torches is a plurality; the rotary conveying device comprises a rotary part assembly and a fixed part assembly which rotate relatively, the rotary part assembly rotates along with the cutterhead, and channels for conveying ion gas, liquid nitrogen, current and cooling water to the cutterhead are respectively arranged in the rotary conveying device at different distances from the axis.

On the basis of the scheme, the rotary part assembly is provided with an annular ion gas conveying channel and a liquid nitrogen conveying channel, the opposite sides of the ion gas conveying channel are respectively provided with an ion gas inflow interface and an ion gas outflow interface, the opposite sides of the liquid nitrogen conveying channel are respectively provided with a liquid nitrogen inflow interface and a liquid nitrogen outflow interface, the cooling water channel comprises a cooling water inflow interface and a cooling water outflow interface which are coaxially arranged with the rotary conveying device, the ion gas inflow interface, the liquid nitrogen inflow interface and the cooling water inflow interface are fixedly connected to the fixed part assembly, and the ion gas outflow interface, the liquid nitrogen outflow interface and the cooling water outflow interface are fixedly connected to the rotary part assembly and rotate along with the rotary part assembly; the fixed part assembly is also fixedly provided with a positive electrode input binding post and a negative electrode input binding post, the rotating part assembly is also fixedly provided with a positive electrode output binding post and a negative electrode output binding post, the positive electrode input binding post and the positive electrode output binding post are coaxially arranged, a positive electrode input slip ring and a positive electrode output slip ring are arranged between the positive electrode input binding post and the positive electrode output binding post, the negative electrode input binding post and the negative electrode output binding post are coaxially arranged, and a negative electrode input slip ring and a negative electrode output slip ring are arranged between the negative electrode input binding post and the negative electrode output binding post; the positive electrode input binding post, the positive electrode input slip ring, the positive electrode output slip ring and the positive electrode output binding post are electrically connected, and the negative electrode input binding post, the negative electrode input slip ring, the negative electrode output slip ring and the negative electrode output binding post are electrically connected.

On the basis of the scheme, an end face sealing ring is arranged at the contact surface of the rotating part assembly and the fixed part assembly; the fixed part assembly extends to the positions of the ion gas conveying channel and the liquid nitrogen conveying channel respectively to form a protruding part, and an axial surface sealing ring is arranged between the protruding part and the rotating part assembly; the side surface of the cooling water inflow interface and the side surface of the cooling water outflow interface are provided with a central sealing ring at the contact part of the rotating part assembly and the fixed part assembly.

Preferably, a positive electrode insulating layer is arranged between the positive electrode input slip ring and the positive electrode output slip ring and the rotating part assembly and between the negative electrode input slip ring and the negative electrode output slip ring and the fixed part assembly.

Preferably, the number of the ion gas inflow interface, the ion gas outflow interface, the liquid nitrogen inflow interface and the liquid nitrogen outflow interface is multiple, and the ion gas inflow interface, the ion gas outflow interface, the liquid nitrogen inflow interface and the liquid nitrogen outflow interface are arranged along the circumference of the rotary conveying device.

On the basis of the scheme, gaps are respectively arranged between the ion gas inflow interface and the ion gas outflow interface and between the liquid nitrogen inflow interface and the liquid nitrogen outflow interface.

Preferably, the included angle between the jet direction of the plasma torch and the disc surface of the cutter disc ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees, and the jet direction of the plasma torch faces to the front of the advancing direction of the adjacent hob.

Preferably, the height of the hob protruding from the surface of the cutterhead is smaller than 10cm than the height of the plasma torch end protruding from the surface of the cutterhead.

Preferably, the distance between the plasma torch and the corresponding hob is not less than 20cm.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the high energy density and high temperature characteristics of the plasma jet are applied to the rock weakening direction, and the plasma torch is combined with the TBM cutterhead to realize pretreatment weakening before rock rolling; the characteristic that rock is easy to damage due to being heated and impacted by cold is utilized, and a liquid nitrogen nozzle is arranged behind a plasma torch so as to weaken the rock again; the arrangement mode and the rotary conveying mode of the plasma torch and the liquid nitrogen nozzle are provided, and the integrated rotary conveying device for the water, electricity, gas and liquid nitrogen of the ion torch is designed.

Drawings

Fig. 1: the cutter head structure of the utility model is schematically shown;

fig. 2: the utility model is a partial enlarged view of the A part in FIG. 1;

fig. 3: the cutter head and the rotary conveying device are installed in a schematic diagram;

fig. 4: the plasma torch is structurally and schematically shown in the utility model;

Fig. 5: the rotary conveying device is a side sectional view;

Fig. 6: the rotary conveyor of the present utility model is a front cross-sectional view.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "length," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present utility model and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

In the present utility model, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a cutterhead with a plasma torch comprises a cutterhead 11 and a rotary conveying device 20, wherein the cutterhead 11 is provided with the plasma torch 12 and a liquid nitrogen jet 13, the plasma torch 12 is arranged at the front side of the running direction of a hob 14, the liquid nitrogen jet 13 is arranged between the plasma torch 12 and the hob 14, and the plasma torch 12 adopts a non-transferred arc plasma torch. When the cutterhead 11 rotates, before the hob 14 rolls the rock ahead, the rock is impacted by the high-energy plasma jet of the plasma torch 12, thermal stress is generated on the surface and inside of the rock instantaneously, when the thermal stress exceeds the tensile strength of the rock, the surface of the rock is subjected to tensile fracture, cracks are generated, and the dense hard rock is weakened. Along with the rotation of the cutterhead 11, the weakened rock is subjected to quenching impact of liquid nitrogen, the components shrink to different degrees inside the rock due to uneven components, impact cracks are generated, and then the hob 14 rolls the weakened rock through rapid heating and quenching, and spalling is generated. The plasma jet continuously impacts the rock in front, and the cutterhead 11 continuously advances the tunnel face forward under the action of the driving system. Preferably, the number of the plasma torches 12 is a plurality, and the front of the traveling direction of the hob 14 arranged at a plurality of places can be arranged at the same or different distances from the axis of the cutterhead 11, each plasma torch 12 can act before a single hob 14 or can act in front of a plurality of hobs 14 at the same time, and the specific arrangement and number can be determined according to the property and working condition of the excavated tunnel rock. The included angle between the injection direction of the plasma torch 12 and the disk surface of the cutter disk 11 is 45-90 degrees, and the injection direction of the plasma torch 12 faces to the front of the advancing direction of the adjacent hob 14, so that the angle can not only enlarge the range of the plasma torch 12 on rock, but also prevent the damage of plasma jet to the cutter disk 11 and avoid excessive dispersion of heat. The height of the hob 14 protruding from the surface of the cutter head 11 is smaller than 10cm than the height of the end part of the plasma torch 12 protruding from the surface of the cutter head 11, so that the hob 14 can timely crush rock when the rock is acted by the plasma torch 12. The distance between the plasma torch 12 and the corresponding hob 14 is not less than 20cm, leaving room for component mounting. As shown in fig. 4, the plasma torch 12 comprises a plasma anode 121, a cathode-anode connecting ring 122, a plasma cathode 123 and an insulating protective sleeve 124 which are sequentially arranged, wherein the cathode-anode connecting ring 122 is made of nylon material, the plasma anode 121 and the plasma cathode 123 are mechanically connected, and the tail end of the insulating protective sleeve 124 is connected with a positive terminal 125, a negative terminal 126, a cooling water inlet pipe 127, a cooling water outlet pipe 128 and an ion gas inlet 129.

As shown in fig. 3, the rotary conveyor 20 is provided behind the cutterhead 11 and is connected to the cutterhead 11 by a support frame 21 so that crushed stone broken by the cutterhead 11 can be discharged from behind the cutterhead 11. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the rotary conveying device 20 includes a rotary part assembly 31 and a fixed part assembly 32 which rotate relatively, the rotary part assembly 31 rotates along with the cutterhead 11, and channels for conveying ion gas, liquid nitrogen, electric current and cooling water to the cutterhead 11 are respectively arranged in the rotary conveying device 20 at different distances from the axis. Specifically, the rotating part assembly 31 is provided with an annular ion gas conveying channel and a liquid nitrogen conveying channel, the opposite sides of the ion gas conveying channel are respectively provided with an ion gas inflow interface 41 and an ion gas outflow interface 42, the opposite sides of the liquid nitrogen conveying channel are respectively provided with a liquid nitrogen inflow interface 43 and a liquid nitrogen outflow interface 44, the cooling water channel comprises a cooling water inflow interface 71 and a cooling water outflow interface 72 which are coaxially arranged with the rotating conveying device 20, the ion gas inflow interface 41, the liquid nitrogen inflow interface 43 and the cooling water inflow interface 71 are fixedly connected to the fixed part assembly 32, and the ion gas outflow interface 42, the liquid nitrogen outflow interface 44 and the cooling water outflow interface 72 are fixedly connected to the rotating part assembly 31 and rotate along with the rotating part assembly 31; the fixed part assembly 32 is also fixedly provided with a positive input binding post 51 and a negative input binding post 61, the rotating part assembly 31 is also fixedly provided with a positive output binding post 55 and a negative output binding post 65, the positive input binding post 51 and the positive output binding post 55 are coaxially arranged, a positive input slip ring 53 and a positive output slip ring 54 are arranged between the positive input binding post 51 and the positive output binding post 55, the negative input binding post 61 and the negative output binding post 65 are coaxially arranged, and a negative input slip ring 63 and a negative output slip ring 64 are arranged between the negative input binding post 61 and the negative output binding post 65; the positive electrode input terminal 51, the positive electrode input slip ring 53, the positive electrode output slip ring 54, and the positive electrode output terminal 55 are electrically connected, and the negative electrode input terminal 61, the negative electrode input slip ring 63, the negative electrode output slip ring 64, and the negative electrode output terminal 65 are electrically connected. The positive electrode output binding post 55 is electrically connected with the positive electrode binding post 125, the negative electrode output binding post 65 is electrically connected with the negative electrode binding post 126, the cooling water outflow interface 72 is communicated with the cooling water inlet pipe 127, the ion gas outflow interface 44 is communicated with the ion gas inlet 129, the liquid nitrogen outflow interface 44 is communicated with the liquid nitrogen nozzle 13, and the cooling water outlet pipe 128 can be free from any device, so that cooling water naturally flows out and is scattered on the surface of high-temperature rock to cool and reduce dust.

Preferably, the number of the ion gas inflow port 41, the ion gas outflow port 42, the liquid nitrogen inflow port 43 and the liquid nitrogen outflow port 44 is plural, and the ion gas inflow port, the ion gas outflow port 42, the liquid nitrogen inflow port 43 and the liquid nitrogen outflow port 44 are respectively circumferentially arranged along the rotary conveying device 20, and the specific number and arrangement mode are determined according to the number and positions of the plasma torches 12 and the liquid nitrogen spouts 13. Because the number of the ion gas inflow interface 41, the ion gas outflow interface 42, the liquid nitrogen inflow interface 43 and the liquid nitrogen outflow interface 44 is multiple, gaps are respectively formed between the ion gas inflow interface 41 and the ion gas outflow interface 42 and between the liquid nitrogen inflow interface 43 and the liquid nitrogen outflow interface 44 in order to reduce pulsation generated in the conveying process of the ion gas and the liquid nitrogen, so that the ion gas and the liquid nitrogen respectively enter the annular ion gas conveying channel and the annular liquid nitrogen conveying channel from the inflow interfaces and are output through the outflow interfaces, the flow of each output interface is ensured to be close as much as possible, and the flow pulsation is reduced.

An end face sealing ring 81 is arranged at the contact surface of the rotating part assembly 31 and the fixed part assembly 32; the fixed part assembly 32 extends to the positions of the ion gas conveying channel and the liquid nitrogen conveying channel respectively to form protruding parts, and an axial surface sealing ring 82 is arranged between the protruding parts and the rotating part assembly 31; the center seal ring 83 is provided at the contact position between the side surfaces of the cooling water inflow port 71 and the cooling water outflow port 72 and the rotating unit assembly 31 and the fixed unit assembly 32, and the leakage of gas or liquid between the rotating unit assembly 31 and the fixed unit assembly 32 is ensured by the arrangement. The positive electrode insulating layer 52 is provided between the positive electrode input slip ring 53 and the positive electrode output slip ring 54 and the rotating part assembly 31 and the fixed part assembly 32, and the negative electrode insulating layer 62 is provided between the negative electrode input slip ring 63 and the negative electrode output slip ring 64 and the rotating part assembly 31 and the fixed part assembly 32.

The present utility model has been described above by way of example, but the present utility model is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any modifications or variations based on the present utility model fall within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. The cutter head with the plasma torch is characterized by comprising a cutter head (11) and a rotary conveying device (20), wherein the plasma torch (12) and a liquid nitrogen nozzle (13) are arranged on the cutter head (11), the plasma torch (12) is arranged at the front side of the hob (14) in the advancing direction, and the liquid nitrogen nozzle (13) is arranged between the plasma torch (12) and the hob (14); the number of the plasma torches (12) is a plurality; the rotary conveying device (20) comprises a rotary part assembly (31) and a fixed part assembly (32) which rotate relatively, the rotary part assembly (31) rotates along with the cutterhead (11), and channels for conveying ion gas, liquid nitrogen, current and cooling water to the cutterhead (11) are respectively arranged at different distances from the axis in the rotary conveying device (20).

2. A cutterhead with a plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating part assembly (31) is provided with an annular ion gas conveying channel and a liquid nitrogen conveying channel, the opposite sides of the ion gas conveying channel are respectively provided with an ion gas inflow interface (41) and an ion gas outflow interface (42), the opposite sides of the liquid nitrogen conveying channel are respectively provided with a liquid nitrogen inflow interface (43) and a liquid nitrogen outflow interface (44), the cooling water channel comprises a cooling water inflow interface (71) and a cooling water outflow interface (72) which are coaxially arranged with the rotating conveying device (20), the ion gas inflow interface (41), the liquid nitrogen inflow interface (43) and the cooling water inflow interface (71) are fixedly connected to the fixed part assembly (32), and the ion gas outflow interface (42), the liquid nitrogen outflow interface (44) and the cooling water outflow interface (72) are fixedly connected to the rotating part assembly (31) and rotate along with the rotating part assembly (31); the fixed part assembly (32) is also fixedly provided with a positive electrode input binding post (51) and a negative electrode input binding post (61), the rotating part assembly (31) is also fixedly provided with a positive electrode output binding post (55) and a negative electrode output binding post (65), the positive electrode input binding post (51) and the positive electrode output binding post (55) are coaxially arranged, a positive electrode input slip ring (53) and a positive electrode output slip ring (54) are arranged between the positive electrode input binding post and the positive electrode output binding post, the negative electrode input binding post (61) and the negative electrode output binding post (65) are coaxially arranged, and a negative electrode input slip ring (63) and a negative electrode output slip ring (64) are arranged between the positive electrode input binding post and the negative electrode output binding post; the positive electrode input binding post (51), the positive electrode input slip ring (53), the positive electrode output slip ring (54) and the positive electrode output binding post (55) are electrically connected, and the negative electrode input binding post (61), the negative electrode input slip ring (63), the negative electrode output slip ring (64) and the negative electrode output binding post (65) are electrically connected.

3. A cutterhead with a plasma torch according to claim 2, characterized in that an end sealing ring (81) is provided at the contact surface of the rotating part assembly (31) and the fixed part assembly (32); the fixed part assembly (32) extends to the positions of the ion gas conveying channel and the liquid nitrogen conveying channel respectively to form a protruding part, and an axial surface sealing ring (82) is arranged between the protruding part and the rotating part assembly (31); a central sealing ring (83) is arranged at the contact part of the side surfaces of the cooling water inflow interface (71) and the cooling water outflow interface (72) with the rotating part assembly (31) and the fixed part assembly (32).

4. A cutterhead with a plasma torch according to claim 2, characterized in that a positive insulation layer (52) is arranged between the positive input slip ring (53) and the positive output slip ring (54) and the rotating part assembly (31) and the fixed part assembly (32), and a negative insulation layer (62) is arranged between the negative input slip ring (63) and the negative output slip ring (64) and the rotating part assembly (31) and the fixed part assembly (32).

5. A cutterhead with a plasma torch according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of ion gas inflow interface (41), ion gas outflow interface (42), liquid nitrogen inflow interface (43) and liquid nitrogen outflow interface (44) is plural, respectively, and is arranged circumferentially along the rotary conveyor (20), respectively.

6. A cutterhead with a plasma torch according to claim 5, characterized in that there are gaps between the ion gas inflow interface (41) and the ion gas outflow interface (42), and between the liquid nitrogen inflow interface (43) and the liquid nitrogen outflow interface (44), respectively.

7. A cutterhead with plasma torches according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection direction of the plasma torches (12) is in the range of 45 ° -90 ° with respect to the disc surface of the cutterhead (11) and the injection direction of the plasma torches (12) is directed in front of the direction of travel of the adjacent hob (14).

8. A cutterhead with plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the hob (14) protruding from the surface of the cutterhead (11) is less than 10cm than the height of the end of the plasma torch (12) protruding from the surface of the cutterhead (11).

9. A cutterhead with a plasma torch according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the plasma torch (12) and the corresponding hob (14) is not less than 20cm.