CN220798227U - Lightning stroke protection circuit of power line carrier communication amplifier - Google Patents
Lightning stroke protection circuit of power line carrier communication amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN220798227U CN220798227U CN202322612779.XU CN202322612779U CN220798227U CN 220798227 U CN220798227 U CN 220798227U CN 202322612779 U CN202322612779 U CN 202322612779U CN 220798227 U CN220798227 U CN 220798227U
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 208000025274 Lightning injury Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009861 stroke prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The utility model discloses a lightning stroke protection circuit of a power line carrier communication amplifier, which relates to the technical field of lightning stroke prevention and solves the technical problem that a device at the front end of power line carrier communication is broken down and damaged under certain lightning stroke conditions; and a resistor is connected in series between the unidirectional TVS tube and the power supply, so that power leakage is reduced, and the EMS problem caused by lightning stroke is prevented. The whole circuit has simple design and low cost, can adapt to the normal fluctuation and change of the power supply voltage, and can not cause the reduction of the circuit performance. Meanwhile, no matter what type of high-voltage pulse appears on the power line, the device at the front end of the carrier communication can be protected, breakdown damage caused by high voltage pulse can be avoided, and lightning stroke pulse strings can be prevented from entering other circuits to cause circuit abnormality.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of lightning protection, in particular to a lightning protection circuit of a power line carrier communication amplifier.
Background
In many areas, the power lines are laid overhead through utility poles, and when lightning discharges to ground, lightning strikes are easily introduced if the power lines are in the path of the lightning strikes. The live wire and the zero wire of the AC 220V power line are generally arranged in parallel, the distance is not very large, and the live wire and the zero wire are a pair of common-mode transmission lines relative to lightning. When a lightning strike occurs, a relatively large high voltage discharge pulse is generated on both the live and neutral wires.
Although a perfect lightning protection device may be installed between the live wire and the zero wire in the household switch cabinet, no strict lightning protection measure is generally adopted between the live wire, the zero wire and the ground, or only simple lightning protection is adopted, and the impedance of a passage from the ground wire to the ground is not small. When a lightning strike occurs, residual lightning strike pulses on the live and neutral wires may still damage the electronic equipment.
The power line carrier communication module is arranged in the household ammeter, and a high-frequency signal of the carrier communication module is connected to the power line. The high voltage discharge pulses on the hot and neutral lines may be coupled back to the output of the power amplifier or to the input of the receiver. In general, a semiconductor amplifier has a relatively low withstand voltage, and a discharge pulse easily breaks down the semiconductor amplifier.
In modern electronic equipment, the decoupling filter capacitance of a power supply is mostly X5R laminated ceramic capacitance with high dielectric constant, and the ceramic dielectric has obvious piezoelectric effect and is easy to break down by pulse voltage, and if lightning stroke pulse is transmitted into a power supply circuit, the X5R laminated capacitance is likely to be damaged.
In the prior art, the basic lightning protection device comprises: air gap discharge tip, ceramic gas discharge tube, piezoresistor, TVS diode, inductor, etc. The air gap discharge tip, the ceramic gas discharge tube and the piezoresistor are mainly used for initial lightning protection of a power supply, the TVS diode is used for general lightning protection of the circuit tail end, and the inductor is used for radio frequency lightning protection of the circuit tail end.
The discharge pulse width of the lightning is about several us to tens us, the response time of the air gap discharge tip and the ceramic gas discharge tube is slower, the output residual voltage is high, the bearable impulse voltage is very high, the instantaneous power is also very high, and the lightning protection device is suitable for lightning protection before the power line enters a household. The voltage dependent resistor has a fast response time, but the output residual voltage is still not safe enough, and the voltage dependent resistor is suitable for lightning protection of an equipment inlet level. The TVS diode has very fast response time and low residual voltage, is suitable for lightning protection of an end circuit stage, but the high-voltage and high-power TVS tube has larger junction capacitance, and can influence the work of a high-frequency circuit. The inductor presents high impedance to high frequency, has small influence to a high-frequency circuit, has large power tolerance and moderate output residual voltage, and is generally used for lightning protection of the radio-frequency circuit.
The power line carrier communication transmits high-frequency signals, the application of lightning protection measures cannot obviously influence the transmission quality of the high-frequency signals, the signal amplifier is a semiconductor device and cannot bear very high voltage, and the input/output end of the signal amplifier is coupled to the power line through a transformer, so that the circuit needs perfect lightning protection measures.
In general, the power line carrier communication unit is connected with the TVS diode in parallel between the two high-frequency signal lines, so that the differential mode discharge pulse can be protected, but the protection of the common mode discharge pulse is ignored, and under certain lightning stroke conditions, the breakdown and damage of the device can still occur. Therefore, how to protect the devices of the front end of the carrier communication under the high-voltage pulse is a problem to be solved by the application.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a lightning stroke protection circuit of a power line carrier communication amplifier, which aims to protect devices at the front end of carrier communication when high-voltage pulses occur and avoid breakdown damage caused by the high-voltage pulses.
The technical aim of the application is achieved through the following technical scheme:
a lightning stroke protection circuit of a power line carrier communication amplifier comprises a power amplifier, a transformer, a high-pass filtering unit, a direct-isolation unit, a voltage filtering smoothing unit, a current-limiting protection unit, an overvoltage protection unit, a common mode clamping unit and a differential mode clamping unit;
the power supply voltage is respectively input to the power amplifier and the current limiting protection unit;
the output end of the power amplifier is connected with the common mode clamping unit and the blocking unit;
the current limiting protection unit is connected with the common mode clamping unit, the voltage filtering smoothing unit and the overvoltage protection unit;
the common mode clamping unit is connected with the blocking unit, the voltage filtering smoothing unit and the overvoltage protection unit;
the blocking unit is connected with the differential mode clamping unit;
one end of the voltage filtering smoothing unit is grounded and connected with the overvoltage protection unit;
the differential mode clamping unit is connected with the transformer in parallel, and the transformer is connected with the high-pass filtering unit;
the secondary of the transformer is connected with the direct isolation unit and the differential mode clamping unit, and the secondary of the transformer is output to the front end of the receiver;
one end of the voltage filtering smoothing unit and one end of the overvoltage protection unit are grounded.
Further, the blocking unit comprises a capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4, and the common mode clamping unit comprises a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4;
one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the positive output end of the power amplifier, the anode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2, and the other end of the capacitor C is connected with the differential mode clamping unit and the positive end of the secondary of the transformer;
one end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the negative output end of the power amplifier, the anode of the diode D3 and the cathode of the diode D4, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the differential mode clamping unit and the negative end of the secondary of the transformer;
the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the positive output end of the power amplifier and the cathode of the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the current-limiting protection unit, the cathode of the diode D3, the voltage filtering smoothing unit and the overvoltage protection unit;
the anode of the diode D2 is grounded, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with the positive output end of the power amplifier;
the anode of the diode D3 is connected with the negative output end of the power amplifier and the cathode of the diode D4, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected with the current limiting protection unit, the voltage filtering smoothing unit and the overvoltage protection unit;
the anode of the diode D4 is grounded, and the cathode of the diode D4 is connected with the negative output end of the power amplifier.
Further, the differential mode clamping unit includes a bidirectional TVS tube D6, one end of the bidirectional TVS tube D6 is connected to both the capacitor C3 and the positive terminal of the transformer secondary, and the other end is connected to both the capacitor C4 and the negative terminal of the transformer secondary.
Further, the overvoltage protection unit comprises a unidirectional TVS tube D5, the anode of the unidirectional TVS tube D5 is grounded, and the cathode of the unidirectional TVS tube D5 is connected with the voltage filtering smoothing unit, the current limiting protection unit, the cathode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D3.
Further, the voltage filtering smoothing unit comprises a capacitor C1, the high-pass filtering unit comprises a capacitor C2, and the current limiting protection unit comprises a resistor R1.
The beneficial effects of this application lie in: clamping the common-mode discharge pulse by connecting GND in parallel with a unidirectional TVS tube at a power supply end to prevent the device from being broken down by the high-voltage pulse; and a resistor is connected in series between the unidirectional TVS tube and the power supply, so that power leakage is reduced, and the EMS problem caused by lightning stroke is prevented. The whole circuit has simple design and low cost, can adapt to the normal fluctuation and change of the power supply voltage, and can not cause the reduction of the circuit performance. Meanwhile, no matter what type of high-voltage pulse appears on the power line, the device at the front end of the carrier communication can be protected, breakdown damage caused by high voltage pulse can be avoided, and lightning stroke pulse strings can be prevented from entering other circuits to cause circuit abnormality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightning strike protection circuit of a power line carrier communication amplifier according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lightning strike pulse transfer path in a lightning strike protection circuit described herein;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the lightning stroke protection circuit of the power line carrier communication amplifier comprises a power amplifier, a transformer, a high-pass filtering unit, a blocking unit, a voltage filtering smoothing unit, a current limiting protection unit, an overvoltage protection unit, a common mode clamping unit and a differential mode clamping unit.
Specifically, the voltage filtering smoothing unit comprises a capacitor C1, the high-pass filtering unit comprises a capacitor C2, the current-limiting protection unit comprises a capacitor R1, the blocking unit comprises a capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4, the common mode clamping unit comprises a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4, the overvoltage protection unit comprises a unidirectional TVS (transient voltage suppression) tube D5, and the differential mode clamping unit comprises a bidirectional TVS tube D6.
The power supply voltage is respectively input to the power amplifier and the current limiting protection unit R1, the positive output end of the power amplifier is connected with the anode of the diode D1, the cathode of the diode D2 and the capacitor C3, and the negative output end of the power amplifier is connected with the anode of the diode D3, the cathode of the diode D4 and the capacitor C4. Wherein, the anode of the diode D2 and the anode of the diode D4 are grounded.
One end of the capacitor C1 is grounded with the resistor R1, the cathode of the diode D3 and the cathode of the unidirectional TVS tube D5.
Resistor R1 is connected to the cathode of diode D1, the cathode of diode D3 and the cathode of unidirectional TVS tube D5, wherein the anode of unidirectional TVS tube D5 is grounded.
One end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the positive output end of the power amplifier, the anode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2, and the other end is connected with the bidirectional TVS tube D6 and the positive end of the secondary of the transformer T1. One end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the negative output end of the power amplifier, the anode of the diode D3 and the cathode of the diode D4, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the differential mode clamping unit and the negative end of the secondary of the transformer T1.
The anode of the diode D1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D3 and the cathode of the unidirectional TVS tube D5.
The anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of the diode D4, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional TVS tube D5.
The bidirectional TVS tube D6 is connected with the transformer T1 in parallel, one end of the bidirectional TVS tube D6 is connected with the positive end of the secondary of the transformer T1, the other end of the bidirectional TVS tube D6 is connected with the negative end of the secondary of the transformer T1, and the capacitor C2 is connected with the positive end of the primary of the transformer T1.
The working principle of the application is as follows:
on the power line, the lightning strike pulse exhibits two modes: common mode pulses and differential mode pulses.
When the distance between the live wire and the zero wire is large, or the length of the wires is large, lightning stroke pulses coupled to the two wires are unequal, the average value of pulse voltages (or currents) is the common mode, and half of the difference is the differential mode.
Parasitic capacitance C exists between primary and secondary of high-frequency signal coupling transformer T1 Parasitics When the power line is struck by lightning, high-voltage discharge pulses are simultaneously generated on the live wire and the zero wire. The discharge pulse width is narrow, the amplitude is large, and C can be used for Parasitics Is coupled to the secondary and thus the common mode lightning strike pulse is transferred to the front end of the carrier communication unit as shown in fig. 2.
For differential mode lightning stroke pulse, the transformer winding can provide a current loop, the secondary end of the transformer T1 is connected with a bidirectional TVS tube D6 in parallel, when the pulse voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the bidirectional TVS tube D6, the differential mode lightning stroke pulse is discharged by the bidirectional TVS tube D6, and the electric energy is converted into heat to be dissipated. The voltage of the differential mode lightning strike pulse is clamped by the bidirectional TVS tube D6, so that damage to the devices at the later stage of the circuit is avoided.
Diodes D1/D2 and D3/D4 are used for inhibiting the overshoot of the output voltage of the PA, when the load presents strong sensibility and the damping of the load loop is small, the output end of the PA can generate large overshoot, the PA is easy to be damaged, and the output voltage can be clamped at GND and V approximately by the diodes D1/D2 and D3/D4 CC Between them.
On the other hand, for common mode lightning strike pulses, the pulse energy follows the pathThe positive pulse flows back to GND from the power supply end, and the negative pulse directly flows to GND. The power end is connected with a filter capacitor in parallel to GND, most of materials are X5R, and X5R has a piezoelectric effect and is easy to break down by strong pulse voltage. Meanwhile, after the unidirectional TVS or the zener diode is connected in parallel to the GND by the power supply end, the voltage at the two ends of the power supply filter capacitor is limited to the clamping voltage V of the unidirectional TVS tube D5 CL Within the inner part. Under the combined action of the diodes D1/D2, D3/D4 and the unidirectional TVS tube D5, the common-mode voltage of the secondary of the transformer is limited to GND and V CL Between them.
Due to supply voltage V CC Has a certain variation range, if the breakdown voltage V of the unidirectional TVS tube D5 BR Is selected to be lower when V CC >V BR At this time, a large current flows into the unidirectional TVS pipe D5, causing unnecessary power consumption of the power supply, and even burning out the unidirectional TVS pipe D5. In one-way TVS tubes D5 and V CC The resistor R1 is connected in series, so that the current limiting effect of the power supply is achieved. On the other hand, the resistor R1 also isolates the common-mode discharge pulse to a certain extent, and prevents the discharge pulse from being crosstalked to other circuits together with the filter capacitor at the power supply end, thereby causing EMS problems.
Fig. 3 shows an implementation circuit of an embodiment of the present application, in which the clamp diode is a schottky diode BAT54S, and the turn-on voltage is 0.2-0.3V. D6 is selected from 18V bidirectional TVS pipes, and D5 is selected from 18V unidirectional TVS pipes. Isolation resistor R1 is 220Ω. Differential mode clamping voltage 18V, common mode clamping voltage range-0.3V-18.3V, instantaneous overshoot clamping voltage range-0.3V-V CC +0.3v. When V is CC From 12V up to 20V, the supply current leakage (20-18)/220×1000≡9.1mA.
The foregoing is an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The lightning stroke protection circuit of the power line carrier communication amplifier is characterized by comprising a power amplifier, a transformer, a high-pass filtering unit, a direct-isolation unit, a voltage filtering smoothing unit, a current limiting protection unit, an overvoltage protection unit, a common mode clamping unit and a differential mode clamping unit;
the power supply voltage is respectively input to the power amplifier and the current limiting protection unit;
the output end of the power amplifier is connected with the common mode clamping unit and the blocking unit;
the current limiting protection unit is connected with the common mode clamping unit, the voltage filtering smoothing unit and the overvoltage protection unit;
the common mode clamping unit is connected with the blocking unit, the voltage filtering smoothing unit and the overvoltage protection unit;
the blocking unit is connected with the differential mode clamping unit;
one end of the voltage filtering smoothing unit is grounded and connected with the overvoltage protection unit;
the differential mode clamping unit is connected with the transformer in parallel, and the transformer is connected with the high-pass filtering unit;
the secondary of the transformer is connected with the direct isolation unit and the differential mode clamping unit, and the secondary of the transformer is output to the front end of the receiver;
one end of the voltage filtering smoothing unit and one end of the overvoltage protection unit are grounded.
2. The power line carrier communication amplifier lightning protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the dc blocking unit comprises a capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4, and the common mode clamping unit comprises a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3, and a diode D4;
one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with the positive output end of the power amplifier, the anode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2, and the other end of the capacitor C is connected with the differential mode clamping unit and the positive end of the secondary of the transformer;
one end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the negative output end of the power amplifier, the anode of the diode D3 and the cathode of the diode D4, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is connected with the differential mode clamping unit and the negative end of the secondary of the transformer;
the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the positive output end of the power amplifier and the cathode of the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the current-limiting protection unit, the cathode of the diode D3, the voltage filtering smoothing unit and the overvoltage protection unit;
the anode of the diode D2 is grounded, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected with the positive output end of the power amplifier;
the anode of the diode D3 is connected with the negative output end of the power amplifier and the cathode of the diode D4, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected with the current limiting protection unit, the voltage filtering smoothing unit and the overvoltage protection unit;
the anode of the diode D4 is grounded, and the cathode of the diode D4 is connected with the negative output end of the power amplifier.
3. The lightning protection circuit of the power line carrier communication amplifier according to claim 2, wherein the differential mode clamping unit comprises a bidirectional TVS tube D6, one end of the bidirectional TVS tube D6 is connected to both the capacitor C3 and the positive terminal of the transformer secondary, and the other end is connected to both the capacitor C4 and the negative terminal of the transformer secondary.
4. The lightning protection circuit of the power line carrier communication amplifier according to claim 2, wherein the overvoltage protection unit comprises a unidirectional TVS tube D5, an anode of the unidirectional TVS tube D5 is grounded, and a cathode of the unidirectional TVS tube D5 is connected to the voltage filtering smoothing unit, the current limiting protection unit, a cathode of the diode D1, and a cathode of the diode D3.
5. The power line carrier communication amplifier lightning stroke protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the voltage filtering smoothing unit comprises a capacitor C1, the high pass filtering unit comprises a capacitor C2, and the current limiting protection unit comprises a resistor R1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322612779.XU CN220798227U (en) | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-26 | Lightning stroke protection circuit of power line carrier communication amplifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322612779.XU CN220798227U (en) | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-26 | Lightning stroke protection circuit of power line carrier communication amplifier |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220798227U true CN220798227U (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322612779.XU Active CN220798227U (en) | 2023-09-26 | 2023-09-26 | Lightning stroke protection circuit of power line carrier communication amplifier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220798227U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-09-26 CN CN202322612779.XU patent/CN220798227U/en active Active
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