CN220774170U - Interlocking device of grounding switch and circuit breaker and switch cabinet - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of breaker switch cabinets, and discloses an interlocking device of a grounding switch and a breaker and a switch cabinet, wherein a cabinet body of the switch cabinet is provided with a lock hole for plugging and matching a lock tongue of a handcart propulsion mechanism of the breaker, and the interlocking device comprises a lifting component and an interlocking component; the lifting component is arranged in the cabinet body; the interlocking component comprises a first rotating part movably arranged in the cabinet body and a second rotating part rotatably arranged on the cabinet body, the first rotating part comprises a lifting end and a linkage end, the lifting end is rotationally connected with the lifting component and driven by the lifting component to lift, the second rotating part comprises a rotating end and a free end, the rotating end is rotationally connected with the linkage end, the free end comprises a closing position and a separating brake position, and the moving distance of the free end in the horizontal direction is the same as the moving distance of the lifting end in the vertical direction; at the closing position, the free end shields the lock hole. The interlocking device provided by the utility model can solve the problem of how to improve the accuracy of the transmission process and ensure the interlocking in place.

Description

Interlocking device of grounding switch and circuit breaker and switch cabinet

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of breaker switch cabinets, in particular to an interlocking device of a grounding switch and a breaker and a switch cabinet.

Background

At present, a breaker switch cabinet with a grounding switch generally comprises a cabinet body, a breaker handcart and a breaker handcart propelling mechanism, wherein the breaker handcart is connected to the cabinet body in a sliding manner through a guide rail, and is in insulating fit with the cabinet body, and the breaker handcart propelling mechanism is fixedly connected to the cabinet body and is used for driving the breaker handcart to slide to a test position or a working position in the cabinet body. In order to ensure the use safety of the switch cabinet, the interlocking devices of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker are basically arranged on the cabinet body so as to meet the five-prevention requirement of the switch cabinet, namely, the grounding switch is prevented from being closed in a live state, and the circuit breaker and the load switch are prevented from being closed when the grounding switch is closed.

In the related art, the switch cabinet grounding switch interlocking mechanism comprises a grounding switch operating shaft, a brake cable, a pressing plate and an interlocking plate capable of moving up and down in the switch cabinet body, wherein the grounding switch operating shaft is connected with the interlocking plate through the brake cable, a grounding knife interlocking handle capable of moving left and right is arranged on a circuit breaker handcart pushing mechanism, a lock tongue is connected to the grounding knife interlocking handle, and a lock hole matched with the lock tongue in a plugging mode is formed in the cabinet body. When the grounding switch is switched on, the grounding switch operating shaft pulls the interlocking plate down to the shielding lock hole through the brake cable, so that the lock tongue cannot be inserted into the lock hole, and when the grounding switch is switched on, the circuit breaker handcart cannot swing into the switch on, and the mistaken push-pull handcart is prevented from being pushed and pulled under the loaded state, so that the use safety of the switch cabinet is ensured. However, the following technical problems exist in the actual use process of the interlocking mechanism:

the ground switch operating shaft is designed to pull the interlocking plate to descend through the brake cable to shield the lock hole, but in practice, the ground switch operating shaft is difficult to accurately control the descending position of the interlocking plate through the brake cable, so that the interlocking plate cannot be locked in place when the ground switch is closed, and the lock hole is shielded.

Disclosure of Invention

(one) solving the technical problems

The utility model provides an interlocking device of a grounding switch and a circuit breaker and a switch cabinet, which at least can solve the technical problems that: how to improve the accuracy of the transmission process of the interlocking device and ensure the interlocking in place.

(II) technical scheme

In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: an interlock of earthing switch and circuit breaker is installed in the cabinet body of cubical switchboard, has the lockhole that is used for supplying the spring bolt grafting complex of circuit breaker handcart on the cabinet body, and this interlock of earthing switch and circuit breaker includes:

the lifting assembly is arranged in the cabinet body;

the interlocking assembly comprises a first rotating piece and a second rotating piece, the first rotating piece is movably arranged in the cabinet body, the first rotating piece comprises a lifting end and a linkage end, the lifting end is rotationally connected with the lifting assembly and drives the lifting end to lift and move by the lifting assembly, the second rotating piece is rotationally arranged on the cabinet body, the second rotating piece comprises a rotating end and a free end, the rotating end is rotationally connected with the linkage end, a rotating path of the free end comprises a closing position and a separating position, and the moving distance of the free end in the horizontal direction is the same as the moving distance of the lifting end in the vertical direction;

wherein, when the free end is in the closing position, the free end shelters from the lockhole, and when the free end is in the separating brake position, the lockhole is opened.

Further provided, the lifting assembly includes:

the grounding switch operation shaft is provided with a grounding switch operation hole on the cabinet body, and one end of the grounding switch operation shaft is rotationally arranged in the grounding switch operation hole of the cabinet body;

the locking sliding blade is arranged in the cabinet body in a lifting and sliding manner and is connected with the grounding switch operation shaft, and the sliding path of the locking sliding blade is provided with a shielding position and an operation position; the locking sliding vane is provided with a yielding hole, and the aperture of the yielding hole is not smaller than the aperture of the grounding switch operation hole;

when the locking sliding vane is at the shielding position, the yielding hole and the grounding switch operation hole are arranged in a staggered mode, and the locking sliding vane partially or completely shields the grounding switch operation hole.

The cabinet body is further provided with a limiting concave part, and the limiting concave part is positioned at one side of the free end, close to the lock hole, for the free end to be inserted.

Further set up, foretell lifting unit still includes the elastic component, and earthing switch operating shaft still includes eccentric cam portion, and the elastic component one end is located on the cabinet body, and the other end is connected with the locking gleitbretter to order about locking gleitbretter and eccentric cam portion butt.

Further set up, an interlock of earthing switch and circuit breaker still includes the pilot plate, and the pilot plate goes up and down to slide to locate in the cabinet body, and pilot plate and earthing switch operating axle pass through linkage structure and connect, and linkage structure is used for driving the pilot plate and goes up and down to slide, has seted up the passageway of stepping down with earthing switch operating hole intercommunication on the pilot plate, is equipped with on the pilot plate and closes, breaks brake sign, is equipped with the sign hole on the cabinet body, and the sign hole is relative with closing brake sign or break brake sign position.

Further set up, foretell linkage includes first link arm, second link arm and gangbar, and the earthing switch operating axle includes connecting portion, and first link arm one end rotates to be connected on connecting portion, and the bar hole has been seted up to the other end, and the bar hole extends along vertical direction, and second link arm one end rotates to be connected on the instruction board, and the other end and gangbar rigid coupling, the gangbar runs through the bar hole and is connected with first link arm.

The utility model also provides a switch cabinet which is characterized by comprising a cabinet body, a circuit breaker handcart pushing mechanism and the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker.

(III) beneficial effects

Compared with the prior art, the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker and the switch cabinet provided by the utility model have the following beneficial effects:

the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker provided by the utility model has two use cases, and specifically comprises the following steps: when the grounding switch is closed, the lifting component drives the lifting end of the first rotating piece to move downwards, the first rotating piece drives the rotating end of the second rotating piece to swing downwards, and meanwhile, the free end swings to a closing position towards a direction close to the lock hole to shield the lock hole, so that the lock tongue cannot be inserted into the lock hole, the circuit breaker handcart pushing mechanism cannot drive the circuit breaker handcart to move, and when the grounding switch is closed, the circuit breaker handcart cannot swing in, and the fault push-pull handcart is prevented under the loaded state; when the grounding switch is opened, the lifting component drives the lifting end to move upwards, so that the rotating end is driven to swing upwards, meanwhile, the free end swings to the opening position in the direction away from the lock hole, and the lock hole is opened, so that the lock tongue of the circuit breaker handcart can be inserted into the lock hole. According to the interlocking device and the interlocking cabinet of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker, the interlocking effect can be achieved through the lifting assembly and the interlocking assembly, wherein the interlocking assembly can convert the lifting distance of the lifting assembly into the moving distance in the horizontal direction through the first rotating member and the second rotating member in equal proportion, and the equal proportion transmission is achieved, so that the position of the free end of the second rotating member in the horizontal direction can be accurately controlled only by controlling the lifting distance of the lifting assembly, the free end of the second rotating member can be interlocked in place when the grounding switch is closed, the lock hole can be blocked, the lock hole can be opened when the grounding switch is opened, the lock hole is provided for inserting the lock tongue, the lock tongue is prevented from being impacted by the interlocking assembly, and the accuracy of the transmission process of the interlocking device is effectively improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an interlock and switchgear of a grounding switch and a circuit breaker in an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an interlock and a switchgear of a grounding switch and a circuit breaker in an embodiment, cut away;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of FIG. 1 at A;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view at B in FIG. 1;

fig. 5 is a perspective view of an interlock device of a circuit breaker and a ground switch in an embodiment;

fig. 6 is a partial schematic diagram of an interlock device of a circuit breaker and a grounding switch in an embodiment.

Reference numerals: 1. a lifting assembly; 11. a ground switch operating shaft; 111. an eccentric cam portion; 112. a connection part; 12. locking the sliding vane; 121. a relief hole; 13. an elastic member;

2. an interlock assembly; 21. a first rotating member; 211. a lifting end; 212. a link end; 22. a second rotating member; 221. a rotating end; 222. a free end;

3. an indication board; 31. a yielding channel; 32. closing a switch mark; 33. a brake separating mark;

4. a linkage structure; 41. a first linkage arm; 411. a bar-shaped hole; 42. a second linkage arm; 43. a linkage rod;

5. a cabinet body; 51. a lock hole; 52. a ground switch operation hole; 53. a limit concave part; 54. marking holes;

6. a breaker handcart propulsion mechanism; 61. a bolt; 62. the ground knife is interlocked with the handle.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, and fig. 6, fig. 1 is a perspective view of an interlock device of a grounding switch and a circuit breaker and a switch cabinet in an embodiment, fig. 2 is a perspective view of the interlock device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker and the switch cabinet in the embodiment after being cut, fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at a in fig. 1, fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view at B in fig. 1, fig. 5 is a perspective view of the interlock device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker in the embodiment, and fig. 6 is a partial schematic view of the interlock device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker in the embodiment.

The utility model provides an interlocking device of a grounding switch and a circuit breaker, which is used for solving the problem of how to improve the accuracy of the transmission process of the interlocking device and ensure the interlocking in place.

Referring to fig. 6, the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker is installed in a cabinet body 5 of the switch cabinet, a lock hole 51 is formed in the cabinet body 5, a circuit breaker handcart propulsion mechanism 6 of the switch cabinet comprises a lock tongue 61 and a grounding knife interlocking handle 62 capable of moving left and right, the grounding knife interlocking handle 62 and the lock tongue 61 are fixedly connected through screws, one end of the lock tongue 61 faces the lock hole 51 and is in plug-in fit with the lock hole 51.

Referring to fig. 1, the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker comprises a lifting assembly 1 and an interlocking assembly 2.

The lifting assembly 1 is installed in the cabinet body 5.

As shown in fig. 2, 4 and 5, the interlocking assembly 2 includes a first rotating member 21 and a second rotating member 22, the first rotating member 21 is movably located in the cabinet 5, the first rotating member 21 includes a lifting end 211 and a linkage end 212, the lifting end 211 of the first rotating member 21 is rotatably connected with the lifting assembly 1, and the lifting assembly 1 drives the lifting end 211 to lift, the second rotating member 22 is rotatably connected to the cabinet 5, the second rotating member 22 includes a rotating end 221 and a free end 222, the rotating end 221 of the second rotating member 22 is rotatably connected with the linkage end 212 of the first rotating member 21, a rotating path of the free end 222 of the second rotating member 22 includes a closing position and a separating position, and a moving distance of the free end 222 in a horizontal direction is the same as a moving distance of the lifting end 211 in a vertical direction, so that the interlocking assembly 2 can convert a lifting distance of the lifting assembly 1 into a moving distance in a horizontal direction through the first rotating member 21 and the second rotating member 22 in an equal proportion, and thus realizing an equal ratio transmission.

When the free end 222 is in the closing position, the free end 222 shields the lock hole 51, so as to block the lock tongue 61 from being inserted into the lock hole 51; the free end 222 is in the open position, the locking aperture 51 is open so that the locking tongue 61 can be inserted into the locking aperture 51.

The interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker has two use cases, and is specifically as follows: when the grounding switch is switched on, the lifting assembly 1 drives the lifting end 211 of the first rotating piece 21 to move downwards, the first rotating piece 21 drives the rotating end 221 of the second rotating piece 22 to swing downwards, and meanwhile, the free end 222 swings to a switching-on position towards a direction close to the lock hole 51 to shield the lock hole 51, so that the lock tongue 61 cannot be inserted into the lock hole 51, the circuit breaker handcart pushing mechanism 6 cannot drive the circuit breaker handcart to move, and when the grounding switch is switched on, the circuit breaker handcart cannot swing in and the circuit breaker handcart is prevented from being pushed and pulled by mistake under the loaded state; when the grounding switch is opened, the lifting assembly 1 drives the lifting end 211 to move upwards, the first rotating member 21 drives the rotating end 221 of the second rotating member 22 to swing upwards, and meanwhile, the free end 222 swings to the opening position in a direction away from the lock hole 51, so that the lock tongue 61 of the circuit breaker handcart can be inserted into the lock hole 51. It can be seen that the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker can achieve an interlocking effect through the lifting assembly 1 and the interlocking assembly 2, wherein the interlocking assembly 2 can convert the lifting distance of the lifting assembly 1 into the moving distance in the horizontal direction in equal proportion through the first rotating member 21 and the second rotating member 22 to achieve equal proportion transmission, so that the lifting distance of the lifting assembly 1 is controlled, the position of the free end 222 of the second rotating member 22 in the horizontal direction can be accurately controlled, the free end 222 of the second rotating member 22 can be interlocked in place when the grounding switch is closed, the lock hole 51 is blocked, the lock hole 51 can be opened when the grounding switch is opened, the lock tongue 61 is inserted into the lock hole 51 to provide a abdication, the lock tongue 61 is prevented from being impacted with the interlocking assembly 2, and the accuracy of the transmission process of the interlocking device is effectively improved.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, in one embodiment of the lifting assembly 1, the lifting assembly 1 includes a grounding switch operating shaft 11 and a locking slide sheet 12, the cabinet 5 has a grounding switch operating hole 52, one end of the grounding switch operating shaft 11 is rotatably connected in the grounding switch operating hole 52 of the cabinet 5, and the grounding switch operating shaft 11 is connected with the locking slide sheet 12 and is used for driving the locking slide sheet 12 to move up and down; the locking slide sheet 12 is connected in the cabinet body 5 in a lifting sliding way and is connected with the lifting end 211, and the sliding path of the locking slide sheet 12 has a shielding position and an operating position; the locking slide piece 12 is provided with a yielding hole 121, and the aperture of the yielding hole 121 is not smaller than the aperture of the grounding switch operation hole 52; when the locking slide piece 12 is in the operation position, the abdication hole 121 and the grounding switch operation hole 52 are coaxially distributed, when the locking slide piece 12 is in the shielding position, the abdication hole 121 and the grounding switch operation hole 52 are dislocated and distributed, and the locking slide piece 12 partially or completely shields the grounding switch operation hole 52. Thus, referring to fig. 6, when the grounding switch operating shaft 11 drives the locking slide sheet 12 to slide upwards to the blocking position, the locking slide sheet 12 can partially block the grounding switch operating hole 52, so that the grounding switch operating handle cannot be smoothly inserted into the grounding switch operating hole 52 and acts on the grounding switch operating shaft 11, and when the circuit breaker handcart is pushed in, the grounding switch cannot be closed; when the grounding switch operating shaft 11 drives the locking slide sheet 12 to slide to the operating position, the locking slide sheet 12 can expose the grounding switch operating hole 52 through the yielding hole 121, so that the grounding switch operating shaft 11 can be rotated by an maintainer through the grounding switch operating hole 52.

Referring to fig. 5, the cabinet 5 has a limiting recess 53, and the limiting recess 53 is located at a side of the free end 222 near the locking hole 51 for inserting the free end 222. In this way, the limiting recess 53 can limit the swing travel of the free end 222 in the direction approaching the lock hole 51, so as to avoid the free end 222 penetrating out of the lock hole 51 and interfering the circuit breaker handcart to slide on the cabinet 5.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in one embodiment of the lifting assembly 1, the lifting assembly 1 further includes an elastic member 13, the grounding switch operating shaft 11 further includes an eccentric cam portion 111, and one end of the elastic member 13 is hung on the cabinet 5, and the other end is connected with the locking slide 12, so as to drive the locking slide 12 to abut against the eccentric cam portion 111. In this way, the elastic member 13 can drive the locking slide sheet 12 to be always abutted against the eccentric cam portion 111 through self elasticity, so that the locking slide sheet 12 is ensured to be capable of lifting and sliding along with the rotation of the grounding switch operation shaft 11, and the eccentric cam portion 111 can fix the lifting and sliding stroke of the locking slide sheet 12, so that the moving distance of the free end 222 in the horizontal direction is fixed, and the locking of the free end 222 in place is ensured, so that the locking hole 51 is accurately shielded.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker further comprises an indication board 3, wherein the indication board 3 is connected in the cabinet body 5 in a lifting and sliding manner, the indication board 3 is connected with the grounding switch operating shaft 11 through a linkage structure 4, the linkage structure 4 is used for driving the indication board 3 to lift and slide, a yielding channel 31 is formed in the indication board 3, the yielding channel 31 is communicated with the grounding switch operating hole 52, and therefore shielding is avoided from being formed in the grounding switch operating hole 52 in the lifting and sliding process of the indication board 3; and the indication board 3 is also provided with a closing mark 32 and a separating mark 33, the cabinet body 5 is provided with a mark hole 54, and the mark hole 54 is opposite to the closing mark 32 or the separating mark 33. Therefore, the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker is opposite to the closing mark 32 or the opening mark 33 through the mark hole 54 so as to display that the switch cabinet is in a closing or opening state at present, thereby being convenient for users to operate and reducing misoperation caused by misjudgment of the actual use state of the switch cabinet.

Referring to fig. 3 and 5, in one embodiment of the linkage structure 4, the linkage structure 4 includes a first linkage arm 41, a second linkage arm 42, and a linkage rod 43, the ground switch operating shaft 11 includes a connection portion 112, one end of the first linkage arm 41 is rotatably connected to the connection portion 112, the other end of the first linkage arm 41 is provided with a bar hole 411 for the linkage rod 43 to pass through, the bar hole 411 extends in a vertical direction, the second linkage arm 42 is rotatably connected to the cabinet 5, one end of the second linkage arm 42 is rotatably connected to the indication board 3, the other end of the second linkage arm 42 is welded to the linkage rod 43, and the linkage rod 43 passes through the bar hole 411 and is connected to the first linkage arm 41 through a pin. In this way, the first linkage arm 41 rotates along with the linkage rod 43, and through the bar-shaped hole 411 and the linkage rod 43, one end of the second linkage arm 42 can be driven to swing, and meanwhile, the other end of the second linkage arm 42 reversely swings, so that the indication board 3 can be driven to lift and slide, and the position of the identification hole 54 is opposite to that of the closing identification 32 or the opening identification 33.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the utility model further provides a switch cabinet, which comprises a cabinet body 5, a circuit breaker handcart pushing mechanism 6 and the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker. The specific implementation process of the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker is referred to the above description, and this embodiment is not repeated here. Because the interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker has the technical effects, the switch cabinet with the interlocking device also has corresponding technical effects.

Although embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the utility model, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. An interlock of earthing switch and circuit breaker, this interlock installs in the cabinet body of cubical switchboard, has the lockhole that is used for supplying the spring bolt grafting complex of circuit breaker handcart on the cabinet body, its characterized in that includes:

the lifting assembly is arranged in the cabinet body;

the interlocking assembly comprises a first rotating piece and a second rotating piece, the first rotating piece is movably arranged in the cabinet body, the first rotating piece comprises a lifting end and a linkage end, the lifting end is rotationally connected with the lifting assembly and driven by the lifting assembly to lift and move, the second rotating piece is rotationally arranged on the cabinet body and comprises a rotating end and a free end, the rotating end is rotationally connected with the linkage end, a rotating path of the free end comprises a closing position and a separating position, and the moving distance of the free end in the horizontal direction is the same as the moving distance of the lifting end in the vertical direction;

when the free end is at the closing position, the free end shields the lock hole, and when the free end is at the opening position, the lock hole is opened.

2. An interlock for a grounding switch and circuit breaker as in claim 1 wherein said lifting assembly comprises:

the grounding switch operation shaft is provided with a grounding switch operation hole on the cabinet body, and one end of the grounding switch operation shaft is rotatably arranged in the grounding switch operation hole of the cabinet body;

the locking sliding blade is arranged in the cabinet body in a lifting sliding manner and is connected with the grounding switch operation shaft, and the sliding path of the locking sliding blade is provided with a shielding position and an operation position; the locking sliding piece is provided with a yielding hole, and the aperture of the yielding hole is not smaller than the aperture of the grounding switch operation hole;

when the locking sliding piece is at the operation position, the abdication hole and the grounding switch operation hole are coaxially arranged, when the locking sliding piece is at the shielding position, the abdication hole and the grounding switch operation hole are arranged in a dislocation mode, and the locking sliding piece partially or completely shields the grounding switch operation hole.

3. The interlock device of a grounding switch and a circuit breaker according to claim 2, wherein the cabinet body is provided with a limit concave portion, and the limit concave portion is positioned at one side of the free end close to the lock hole for inserting the free end.

4. A device for interlocking a grounding switch and a circuit breaker according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the lifting assembly further comprises an elastic member, the grounding switch operating shaft further comprises an eccentric cam portion, one end of the elastic member is arranged on the cabinet body, and the other end of the elastic member is connected with the locking sliding sheet so as to drive the locking sliding sheet to abut against the eccentric cam portion.

5. The interlocking device of the grounding switch and the circuit breaker according to claim 2, further comprising an indication plate, wherein the indication plate is arranged in the cabinet body in a lifting sliding manner, the indication plate and the grounding switch operating shaft are connected through a linkage structure, the linkage structure is used for driving the indication plate to lift and slide, a yielding channel communicated with the grounding switch operating hole is formed in the indication plate, a closing and opening mark is arranged on the indication plate, and a mark hole is formed in the cabinet body and is opposite to the closing mark or the opening mark in position.

6. The interlocking device of a grounding switch and a circuit breaker according to claim 5, wherein the linkage structure comprises a first linkage arm, a second linkage arm and a linkage rod, the grounding switch operation shaft comprises a connecting part, one end of the first linkage arm is rotatably connected to the connecting part, the other end of the first linkage arm is provided with a strip-shaped hole, the strip-shaped hole extends along the vertical direction, one end of the second linkage arm is rotatably connected to the indication board, the other end of the second linkage arm is fixedly connected with the linkage rod, and the linkage rod penetrates through the strip-shaped hole and is connected with the first linkage arm.

7. A switchgear comprising a cabinet body and a circuit breaker trolley propulsion mechanism, and an interlock of a grounding switch and circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1-6.