CN220769456U

CN220769456U - Shaft excavation device and heading machine

Info

Publication number: CN220769456U
Application number: CN202321426779.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕旦; 齐志冲; 贾涛; 崔磊; 赵子辉; 张朋真; 肖晶娜; 邓飞; 陈真
Original assignee: China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co Ltd CREG
Current assignee: China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co Ltd CREG
Priority date: 2023-06-06
Filing date: 2023-06-06
Publication date: 2024-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2033-06-06

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment, and particularly provides a vertical shaft excavating device and a tunneling machine. The vertical shaft excavating device comprises a turntable, wherein the turntable is provided with a sawing machine and a rock splitting machine which can move along the radial direction of the turntable, and a driving device for driving the sawing machine and the rock splitting machine to move along the radial direction is also arranged. The heading machine comprises the shaft excavation device. During tunneling, the rock splitter is retracted to the guide well, the sawing machine firstly cuts the rock body into a plurality of rock slits along the radial direction, then the rock splitter stretches out into the rock slits to split the rock body into independent small blocks, and finally the small blocks of rock body fall into the existing tunnel from the guide well to finish slag removal recovery. Compared with the rock breaking of the cutter head in the prior art, the sawing machine and the rock splitting machine break the rock by utilizing the characteristic that the tensile strength of the rock is far lower than the compressive strength, and the energy consumption is reduced. Meanwhile, broken small rock mass is convenient for the recovery and utilization of quarries.

Description

Shaft excavation device and heading machine

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunneling equipment, and particularly relates to a vertical shaft excavating device and a tunneling machine.

Background

In the field of mine and hydraulic engineering construction, underground tunnels are generally excavated when shafts are excavated, so that a construction method of well guidance and secondary brushing explosion of a well with a well reversing drill is generally adopted in the field of large-diameter shafts, namely, a cutter feeding hole is drilled downwards by the well reversing drill firstly, after a guide hole is communicated with a lower tunnel, a reaming cutter disc is replaced, well guidance excavation is completed from bottom to top, then the well guidance is expanded to a construction required size by a drilling and blasting method, and slag is discharged downwards through the well guidance during the process. However, the drilling and blasting method has the problems of high labor intensity, insufficient safety and the like.

Applicant's patent application document (CN 114278305 a) provides a reamer type shaft boring machine, which comprises a cutterhead, a main drive, a main beam and a supporting shoe propelling mechanism, wherein the main drive drives the cutterhead to rotate, the supporting shoe propelling mechanism pushes the cutterhead to press a face, the cutterhead breaks rock under the combined action of thrust and rotation, and rock fragments enter a lower tunnel from a guide well, so that continuous excavation is realized.

However, for high strength surrounding rock, the cutterhead has higher energy consumption for breaking the rock. In addition, the rock becomes a broken slag shape after the cutter head rolls, and is difficult to recycle in blocks.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a shaft excavation device which solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the energy consumption of rock breaking of a cutter head of a shaft heading machine of a guide well is high and excavated rock is difficult to recycle. The utility model also aims to provide a heading machine so as to solve the same technical problems as the above.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the shaft excavation device provided by the utility model is as follows:

the utility model provides a shaft excavation device, includes the carousel, the carousel is equipped with saw cuts machine and the rock splitter that can follow the radial activity of carousel, still is equipped with and is used for driving saw cuts machine and the radial movable drive arrangement of rock splitter.

The beneficial effects are that: the utility model improves the excavating device of the shaft heading machine in the prior art, and is suitable for shaft heading of the existing guide well. During tunneling, the rock splitter is retracted to the guide well, the sawing machine firstly cuts the rock body into a plurality of rock slits along the radial direction, then the rock splitter stretches out into the rock slits to split the rock body into independent small blocks, and finally the small blocks of rock body fall into the existing tunnel from the guide well to finish slag removal recovery. Compared with the rock breaking of the cutter head in the prior art, the sawing machine and the rock splitting machine break the rock by utilizing the characteristic that the tensile strength of the rock is far lower than the compressive strength, and the energy consumption is reduced. Meanwhile, broken small rock mass is convenient for the recovery and utilization of quarries.

As a further improvement, the turntable is provided with a cutter mounting seat for mounting a sawing machine and a splitter mounting seat for mounting a rock splitter, the sawing machine is in sliding fit with the cutter mounting seat through a cutter guide seat, a driving device for driving the sawing machine is arranged between the cutter guide seat and the cutter mounting seat, the rock splitter is in sliding fit with the splitter mounting seat through a splitter guide seat, and a driving device for driving the rock splitter is arranged between the splitter guide seat and the splitter mounting seat.

The beneficial effects are that: the stability of sawing machine and rock splitter removal has been improved to drive arrangement does not bear moment of torsion this moment, has promoted the reliability.

As a further improvement, the driving device is a radial cylinder.

The beneficial effects are that: the hydraulic cylinder can provide stable thrust and has a certain self-locking effect.

As a further improvement, the sawing machine is arranged on the cutting machine guide seat in a swinging way along the horizontal plane, and a horizontal swinging driving device for driving the sawing machine to swing along the horizontal plane is also arranged between the cutting machine guide seat and the sawing machine.

The beneficial effects are that: the width of the cutting seam and the extending direction of the cutting seam can be changed, so that the splitting machine can smoothly enter. Meanwhile, annular cutting is realized, and the rock is directly cut into independent small units.

As a further improvement, the horizontal swing driving device is a vertical motor.

The beneficial effects are that: the transmission system is simple and easy to arrange.

As a further improvement, the sawing machine is installed on the cutter guide seat or the horizontal swing driving device in a swinging manner along the radial direction of the turntable, and a radial swing driving device for driving the sawing machine to swing along the radial direction of the turntable is further arranged between the sawing machine and the cutter guide seat or the horizontal swing driving device.

The beneficial effects are that: the sawing machine is changed in the length feeding angle, the resistance in length feeding is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.

As a further development, the radial pendulum drive is a radial motor.

As a further improvement, the turntable is also provided with a skimming robot arm for skimming rock fragments broken by the rock splitter towards the guide shaft.

The beneficial effects are that: the rock fragments can be ensured to stably fall into the guide well, and the slag removal efficiency is improved.

As a further improvement, the slag removing mechanical arm is arranged at the center of the turntable.

The beneficial effects are that: the rotation radius of the slag removing mechanical arm is minimum when breaking the rock, so that the slag removing mechanical arm is prevented from interfering with rock mass outside the guide well.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the heading machine provided by the utility model is as follows:

the utility model provides a development machine, includes gyration drive arrangement, still includes shaft excavation device, and shaft excavation device includes the carousel, the carousel is equipped with saw cuts machine and the rock splitter that can follow the radial activity of carousel, still is equipped with and is used for driving saw cuts machine and the radial movable drive arrangement of rock splitter.

As a further improvement, the driving device is a radial cylinder.

As a further development, the radial pendulum drive is a radial motor.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment 1 of a shaft excavation apparatus of the present utility model in a construction state;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a shaft excavation device according to an embodiment 1 of the present utility model, which is installed in cooperation with a heading machine;

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the sawing machine of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the saw position of FIG. 2;

fig. 6 is a plan view of embodiment 1 of the shaft excavation apparatus of the present utility model;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of a rock joint cut by the sawing machine in example 1 of the shaft excavation apparatus of the present utility model;

fig. 8 is a schematic view of a rock joint after splitting by a rock splitter in example 1 of a shaft excavation apparatus according to the present utility model;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the heading machine of the present utility model.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1. an existing tunnel; 2. a guide well; 3. a sawing machine; 4. a slag removing mechanical arm; 5. a rock cleaving machine; 6. a turntable system; 7. a swing drive system; 8. a support system; 9. a lifting system; 100. radial rock joints; 200. annular rock joints; 301. a chain saw; 302. a sprocket; 303. a chain saw drive; 304. a vertical motor; 305. a radial motor; 306. a first rotary base; 307. a second rotary base; 601. a turntable; 602. a mounting base; 603. a guide seat; 604. radial oil cylinder; 701. a slewing drive device; 702. a slewing bearing; 703. a fixing frame; 704. a lifting oil cylinder; 705. a guide cylinder; 801. a support cylinder; 802. a shoe supporting rod; 803. supporting boots; 901. a wire rope.

Detailed Description

The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the utility model, i.e., the embodiments described are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the utility model. The components of the embodiments of the present utility model generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the utility model, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present utility model.

It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, terms such as "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" or the like is not excluded from a process, method, or the like that includes the element.

In the description of the present utility model, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected," as may be used broadly, and may be connected, for example, fixedly, detachably, or integrally, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly, indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with the interior of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those skilled in the art in specific cases.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the term "provided" may be interpreted broadly, and for example, an object "provided" may be a part of a body, may be separately disposed from the body, and may be connected to the body, where the connection may be a detachable connection or an undetachable connection. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those skilled in the art in specific cases.

The present utility model is described in further detail below with reference to examples.

The embodiment 1 of the shaft excavation device provided by the utility model comprises the following components:

the shaft excavation device provided in this embodiment is used in a shaft heading machine as shown in fig. 1, and is suitable for shaft heading of an existing tunnel 1 and a pilot shaft 2. The shaft heading machine comprises a shaft excavation device at the front end (the heading direction is the front), a rotary driving system 7 for driving a turntable system of the shaft excavation device to rotate and move up and down, a supporting system 8 for providing stable support for the heading machine to heading forwards, and a lifting system 9 for lowering and recycling the whole heading machine.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 6, the shaft excavation apparatus includes a turntable system 6, the turntable system 6 including a turntable 601, the turntable 601 being mounted on a slewing bearing 702 of a slewing drive system 7. The front end face of the turntable 601 is provided with a mounting seat 602, the mounting seat 602 radially extends along the turntable 601, a guide seat 603 in sliding fit with the mounting seat 602 is arranged in the mounting seat 602, and a driving device for driving the guide seat 603 to slide along the extending direction of the mounting seat 602 is arranged between the mounting seat 602 and the guide seat 603, specifically, in the embodiment, the driving device is a radial oil cylinder 604.

The saw cutting machine 3 and the rock cleaving machine 5 are mounted on the guide holder 603. The guide seat 603 provided with the sawing machine 3 forms a cutter guide seat, and the installation seat 602 matched with the cutter guide seat forms a cutter installation seat; the guide holder 603 on which the rock splitter 5 is mounted forms a splitter guide holder and the mounting holder 602 which cooperates with the splitter guide holder forms a splitter guide holder. In the embodiment, two sawing machines 3 and rock splitter 5 are respectively arranged, and two adjacent sawing machines 3 and rock splitter 5 are arranged in a crossing manner, so that the rock breaking efficiency is high.

As shown in fig. 2, 4 and 5, the sawing machine 3 comprises a chain saw 301, and the chain saw 301 is provided with cutting teeth. The chainsaw 301 is connected to a chainsaw drive 303 by a sprocket 302, and the chainsaw drive 303 may be a hydraulic motor or an electric motor. The lancing and rock breaking principle of the sawing machine 3 is the prior art and will not be described in detail. In addition, the structure of the rock splitter 5 and the principle of splitting rock are also known in the art, and will not be described again.

In this embodiment, a vertical motor 304 and a radial motor 305 are further disposed between the sawing machine 3 and the guide seat 603, as shown in fig. 5, the vertical motor 304 is used for driving the sawing machine 3 to swing along a horizontal plane (the swing axis is vertical), that is, changing the included angle between the chainsaw 301 and the guide seat 603, and the radial motor 305 is used for driving the sawing machine 3 to swing along the radial direction of the turntable 601, that is, changing the included angle between the chainsaw 301 and the horizontal plane. Specifically, the vertical motor 304 is connected to the guide holder 603, the power output shaft of the vertical motor 304 is mounted with a first rotary holder 306, the radial motor 305 is mounted on the first rotary holder 306, the power output shaft of the radial motor 305 is mounted with a second rotary holder 307, and the chainsaw driving device 303 of the sawing machine 3 is mounted on the second rotary holder 307. The width of the radial rock seam 100 can be changed, the rock splitter 5 can enter conveniently, meanwhile, the cutting line of the chain saw can be adjusted (changed into the tangential direction of the turntable from the radial direction of the turntable), the cutting of the annular rock seam 200 is realized, the contact position of the chain saw 301 and the rock mass during the length adjustment can be adjusted, the overlarge resistance of the chain saw 301 during the length adjustment is avoided, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, when the rock breaking is excavated downwards, the sawing machine 3 moves radially along the rotary table 601 to cut, and cuts a circle of radial rock slits 100 along with the rotation of the rotary table 601. After the cutting of the radial rock slits 100 is completed, the sawing machine 3 is rotated by a certain angle, and the annular rock slits 200 are cut under the action of the turntable 601. Finally, the rock splitter 5 extends outwards to enter the rock joint to split the rock body into independent small blocks, and falls into the existing tunnel 1 from the guide shaft 2, and then is recovered from the slag removal of the existing tunnel 1, so that shaft excavation is efficiently and safely realized. Different from the cutterhead tunneling scheme in the prior art, the excavating device comprises the sawing machine 3 and the rock splitter 5 for breaking the rock, so that the rock is broken by utilizing the characteristic that the tensile strength of the rock mass is far smaller than the compressive strength, and the energy consumed during the rock breaking is less and the energy is saved. Meanwhile, the rock mass is finally crushed into small rock blocks, and the small rock blocks fall into the existing tunnel 1, so that the recovery and the utilization of a quarry are facilitated, and the secondary processing of the rock is realized.

The rotating disc 601 in this embodiment is further provided with a slag removing mechanical arm 4, and the slag removing mechanical arm 4 is used for removing small rocks split by the rock splitter 5 into the guide well 2, so that slag removing efficiency is improved. The specific structure of the slag removing mechanical arm 4 may be identical to that of the slag removing mechanical arm in the TBM, and will not be described in detail here. In this embodiment, the slagging-off mechanical arm 4 is located at the center of the turntable 601, so that the rotation radius of the slagging-off mechanical arm 4 is reduced, and the possibility of interference with other areas outside the guide well is reduced as much as possible.

The specific embodiment 2 of the shaft excavation device provided by the utility model is mainly different from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the sawing machine and the rock splitter are mounted on a mounting seat provided on the turntable through a guide seat, and a driving device for driving the sawing machine and the rock splitter is a radial cylinder. In this embodiment, the guiding groove can be formed in the turntable, the sawing machine and the rock splitting machine are provided with driving assemblies, the driving assemblies comprise travelling wheels, the travelling wheels roll along the guiding groove in the turntable, and the specific structure is similar to a suspension type monorail structure.

The specific embodiment 3 of the shaft excavation device provided by the utility model is mainly different from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the sawing machine 3 is connected with a vertical motor and a radial motor. In this embodiment, the sawing machine may not include a vertical motor and a radial motor, and may also achieve the function of cutting and breaking rock. Of course, only any one of the vertical motor or the radial motor may be provided, for example, only the radial motor is provided, and the radial motor drives the sawing machine to swing along the guiding seat of the cutting machine, so that the sawing machine cannot cut the annular rock seam 200, but the rock splitter still can break the rock by using the impact or expansion effect when entering the radial crack 100.

The specific embodiment 4 of the shaft excavation device provided by the utility model is mainly different from embodiment 1 in that: in embodiment 1, the radial swing driving device for driving the sawing machine to swing radially is a radial motor, and the horizontal swing driving device for driving the sawing machine to swing horizontally is a vertical motor. In this embodiment, the radial swing driving device and the horizontal swing driving device may be hydraulic cylinders, and the extending direction of the hydraulic cylinders is the swing direction of the sawing machine.

The specific embodiment 5 of the shaft excavation device provided by the utility model is different from embodiment 1 mainly in that: in embodiment 1, the center of the turntable 601 is also provided with a skimming robot arm. In this embodiment, the slagging-off mechanical arm may not be included, or the slagging-off mechanical arm is not disposed in the center of the turntable 601, and the slagging-off effect may be achieved.

Concrete example 1 of the heading machine in the present utility model:

as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the heading machine includes a shaft excavation device at a front end (heading direction is forward), a swing drive system 7 for driving a turntable system of the shaft excavation device to rotate and move up and down, a support system 8 for providing stable support for heading forward of the heading machine, and a lifting system 9 for lifting and lowering and recovering the heading machine from and below the whole machine. The shaft excavation apparatus, i.e., the shaft excavation apparatus described in any one of embodiments 1 to 5 of the shaft excavation apparatus described above, will not be described in detail here.

The slewing drive system 7 comprises a slewing drive device 701, wherein the slewing drive device 701 is in transmission connection with a slewing bearing 702, and the turntable system 6 is arranged on the slewing bearing 702 and rotates under the action of the slewing drive device 701. In particular, the swing drive 701 may be an electric or hydraulic motor. The rotary driving system 7 further comprises a fixing frame 703, the rotary driving device 701 is installed on the fixing frame 703, the rear end of the fixing frame 703 is connected to a guide column, the guide column slides up and down along the guide cylinder 705, a lifting oil cylinder 704 is further arranged between the guide column and the guide cylinder 705, and under the action of the lifting oil cylinder 704, the vertical shaft excavating device can move up and down integrally.

The supporting system 8 comprises four groups of supporting shoe systems, each supporting shoe system comprises a supporting oil cylinder 801, supporting shoe rods 802 and supporting shoes 803, and the supporting shoes 803 radially extend to tightly support the well wall under the action of the supporting oil cylinders 801 so as to provide stable support for downward tunneling of the heading machine. The lifting system 9 comprises a winch which pulls the whole tunneling machine to lift through a steel wire rope 901.

The construction process of this embodiment (taking the embodiment 1 equipped with the shaft excavation device described above as an example):

s1: the well reversing drilling machine completes construction of the guide well 2 to form a middle slag falling channel;

s2: installing an underground heading machine and connecting the underground heading machine with a wellhead winch through a steel wire rope 901;

s3: the support system 8 supports the well wall tightly;

s4: adjusting the vertical motor 304 and the radial motor 305 to enable the sawing machine 3 to have a proper cutting angle for rock entering cutting, and forming a plurality of radial rock cracks 100 on the section of the vertical shaft under the combined action of the rotary driving device 701, the radial oil cylinder 604 and the lifting oil cylinder 704;

s5: adjusting the vertical motor 304 and the radial motor 305 to enable the sawing machine 3 to have a proper cutting angle for rock entering and cutting, and forming a plurality of annular rock cracks 200 on the section of the vertical shaft under the combined action of the rotary driving device 701, the radial oil cylinder 604 and the lifting oil cylinder 704;

s6: under the combined action of the rotary driving device 701, the radial oil cylinder 604 and the lifting oil cylinder 704, the rock splitter 5 is inserted into a cutting rock gap to break the rock into independent small blocks (units);

s7: the slag raking mechanical arm 4 rakes the segmented rock blocks into the guide well 2 to finish the cleaning of the rock slag in the whole section in 1 cycle;

s8: the supporting system 8 is retracted, the supporting shoe is separated from the well wall, the wellhead winch lowers the steel wire rope 901, and the whole tunneling machine is lowered for 1 excavation cycle;

s9: after being lowered in place, the supporting shoes of the supporting system 8 extend out and tightly support the well wall;

s10: and repeating the steps S4-S9 to finish the construction of the whole vertical shaft.

Specific example 2 of the heading machine provided by the utility model:

this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: in example 1, the whole of the heading machine is lifted by a hoist at the wellhead. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the tunneling machine comprises two layers of support systems 8, the two layers of support systems 8 are connected through an oil cylinder and a guide post, and the two layers of support systems 8 are used for supporting the wall of a hole in a step-changing manner to realize the integral lifting of the tunneling machine. The specific step change process comprises the following steps: the lower layer support system 8 moves downwards for one tunneling stroke to tighten the well wall, and then the upper layer support system 8 moves downwards for one tunneling stroke under the action of the oil cylinder to tighten the well wall.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but may be modified without inventive effort or equivalent substitution of some of the technical features thereof by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a shaft excavation device, includes the carousel, its characterized in that, the carousel is equipped with saw cuts machine and the rock splitter that can follow the radial activity of carousel, still is equipped with and is used for driving saw cuts machine and the radial movable drive arrangement of rock splitter.

2. The shaft excavation device of claim 1, wherein the turntable is provided with a cutter mounting seat for mounting a sawing machine and a splitter mounting seat for mounting a rock splitter, the sawing machine is in sliding fit with the cutter mounting seat through a cutter guide seat, a driving device for driving the sawing machine is arranged between the cutter guide seat and the cutter mounting seat, the rock splitter is in sliding fit with the splitter mounting seat through a splitter guide seat, and a driving device for driving the rock splitter is arranged between the splitter guide seat and the splitter mounting seat.

3. A shaft excavation apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the drive means is a radial cylinder.

4. The shaft excavation device of claim 2, wherein the sawing machine is installed on the cutting machine guide seat in a swinging manner along a horizontal plane, and a horizontal swinging driving device for driving the sawing machine to swing along the horizontal plane is further arranged between the cutting machine guide seat and the sawing machine.

5. The shaft excavation apparatus of claim 4, wherein the horizontal swing drive means is a vertical motor.

6. The shaft excavation device of claim 4, wherein the sawing machine is installed on the cutter guide seat or the horizontal swing driving device in a swinging manner along the radial direction of the turntable, and a radial swing driving device for driving the sawing machine to swing along the radial direction of the turntable is further arranged between the sawing machine and the cutter guide seat or the horizontal swing driving device.

7. The shaft excavation apparatus of claim 6, wherein the radial swing drive is a radial motor.

8. A shaft excavation apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the turntable is further provided with a skimming robot arm for skimming rock fragments broken by the rock splitter towards the guide shaft.

9. The shaft excavation apparatus of claim 8, wherein the skimming robot arm is disposed in a center of the turntable.

10. A heading machine comprising a slewing drive device, further comprising a shaft excavation device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.