CN220753744U

CN220753744U - Four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna

Info

Publication number: CN220753744U
Application number: CN202322339564.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭桂香
Original assignee: Shanghai Wingtech Electronic Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Wingtech Electronic Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-08-29
Filing date: 2023-08-29
Publication date: 2024-04-09
Anticipated expiration: 2033-08-29

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna, wherein the four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is fed in a four-feed mode, and comprises a microstrip patch antenna and a feed network; the microstrip patch antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a grounding plate and a radiation patch; the feed network adopts a T-shaped structure quarter power divider, and the T-shaped structure quarter power divider is provided with four output ports which are equally divided. Compared with the prior art, the microstrip antenna solves the problems of large volume, heavy weight and single feeding form of the existing microstrip antenna and the problems of narrow working bandwidth, reduced benefit and gain caused by miniaturization design, adopts a multi-feeding mode, adopts four equally-divided output ports for output, can increase the working bandwidth and standing wave ratio of the antenna, correspondingly increases the axial ratio bandwidth, has better polarization performance and improves the performance of the antenna. The feed network is designed by adopting the quarter-divided power divider with the T-shaped structure, and compared with a directional coupler, the antenna structure is more miniaturized.

Description

Four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of microstrip antennas, and in particular relates to a four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna.

Background

Along with the rapid development of communication technology, people increasingly pursue the functionalization and miniaturization of equipment, and are convenient to carry. As a key part in a wireless communication system, the performance of the antenna system directly affects the operation performance of the whole communication system. In both military and civil communication fields, the research on the polarization mode and axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna, namely miniaturization, multi-polarization and high-performance circularly polarized microstrip antennas, is particularly important.

The existing circularly polarized microstrip antenna has a single polarization mode, is narrower in impedance bandwidth, is narrower in axial ratio bandwidth and larger in size, and is unfavorable for common use. There are disadvantages: 1) The common microstrip antenna has large volume, heavy weight and single feeding form; 2) The miniaturization design of the antenna structure can lead to the narrowing of the working bandwidth and the reduction of the benefit and the gain.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna, so as to achieve miniaturization of an antenna structure, increase of working bandwidth, and increase of performance of the antenna.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna, where a feeding mode of the four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is four-feed, and the four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna includes a microstrip patch antenna and a feeding network;

the microstrip patch antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a grounding plate and a radiation patch; the feed network adopts a T-shaped structure quarter power divider, and the T-shaped structure quarter power divider is provided with four output ports which are equally divided.

In some embodiments, the four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna adopts a three-layer structure, the top layer is a radiation patch and a dielectric substrate, the middle layer is a ground plate, and the bottom layer is a feed network.

In some embodiments, the radiating patch is a patch made of metal, printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate;

the ground plate is located below the dielectric substrate.

In some embodiments, the microstrip patch antenna is provided with four feed holes, the four feed holes penetrate from the upper side of the radiation patch to the lower side of the ground plate, and the four feed holes are symmetrically distributed.

In some embodiments, in the feed hole, the ground plate and the radiation patch are connected using a coaxial feed line to achieve coaxial feed.

In some embodiments, four equally-divided output ports of the quarter-divided power divider of the T-shaped structure are respectively connected to four feed holes on the microstrip patch antenna through probes, and the four equally-divided output ports sequentially satisfy that the phase difference is 90 degrees so as to realize circularly polarized radiation.

In some embodiments, the four equally divided output ports are in phase 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °, respectively.

In some embodiments, the T-shaped structure of the quarter-power divider is formed by combining three half-power dividers.

In some embodiments, each of the three halves includes one input port and two output ports;

and respectively connecting the two output ports of the first halving power divider with the input port of the second halving power divider and the input port of the third halving power divider so as to output through the two output ports of the second halving power divider and the two output ports of the third halving power divider, thereby forming four halving output ports on the four halving power divider with the T-shaped structure.

In some embodiments, the radiating patch is rectangular in shape, the radiating patch is a preset length, and the radiating patch is a preset width.

The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has a four-feed mode, and comprises a microstrip patch antenna and a feed network; the microstrip patch antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a grounding plate and a radiation patch; the feed network adopts a T-shaped structure quarter power divider, and the T-shaped structure quarter power divider is provided with four output ports which are equally divided. Compared with the prior art, the microstrip antenna solves the problems of large volume, heavy weight and single feeding form of the existing microstrip antenna and the problems of narrow working bandwidth, reduced benefit and gain caused by miniaturization design, adopts a multi-feeding mode, adopts four equally-divided output ports for output, can increase the working bandwidth and standing wave ratio of the antenna, correspondingly increases the axial ratio bandwidth, has better polarization performance and improves the performance of the antenna. The feed network is designed by adopting the quarter-divided power divider with the T-shaped structure, and compared with a directional coupler, the antenna structure is more miniaturized.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure may be more clearly understood, a further description of aspects of the present disclosure will be provided below. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may be practiced otherwise than as described herein; it will be apparent that the embodiments in the specification are only some, but not all, embodiments of the disclosure.

In addition, the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are used for the understanding and reading of the disclosure, and are not intended to limit the practical limitations of the present application, but any structural modifications, proportional changes, or size adjustments, without affecting the efficacy or achievement of the present application, should fall within the scope of the technical disclosure.

The existing circularly polarized microstrip antenna has a single polarization mode, is narrower in impedance bandwidth, is narrower in axial ratio bandwidth and larger in size, and is unfavorable for common use. There are disadvantages: 1) The common microstrip antenna has large volume, heavy weight and single feeding form; 2) The miniaturization design of the antenna structure can lead to the narrowing of the working bandwidth and the reduction of the benefit and the gain. In view of this problem, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna, which is described below with reference to specific embodiments.

In some embodiments, a four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is shown in fig. 1, and includes a microstrip patch antenna 10, a feed network 20, and the microstrip patch antenna 10 includes a dielectric substrate 11, a ground plate 12, and a radiation patch 13.

The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is fed in four modes and comprises a microstrip patch antenna and a feed network.

Optionally, the feeding mode of the four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is multi-feed, and can also be double-feed, triple-feed and the like, without limitation. The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is formed by coupling a four-feed circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna and a four-equal power divider with a T-shaped structure.

Optionally, the microstrip patch antenna is composed of three parts, a dielectric substrate, a ground plate and a radiation patch. The radiation patch is a metal surface with a specific shape, is printed on the surface of the medium substrate, the shape of the radiation patch on the upper layer of the medium substrate is relatively regular, and the common radiation patch is rectangular or circular, or square patches can be adopted. The size of the radiating patch determines the operating frequency of the antenna, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate, the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate, the loss tangent, and the length and width of the substrate also affect the performance and parameters of the antenna. The maximum radiation direction of the microstrip patch antenna is generally in the +z-axis direction, i.e., the direction perpendicular to the dielectric substrate.

On the basis of the embodiment, the four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna adopts a three-layer structure, wherein the top layer is a radiation patch and a dielectric substrate, the middle layer is a grounding plate, and the bottom layer is a feed network.

The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna consists of a three-layer structure, wherein the top layer is a radiation patch 13 and a dielectric substrate 11, the middle layer is a grounding plate 12, and the bottom layer is a feed network 20 formed by four equal-division power dividers of a T-shaped structure.

In some embodiments, the radiating patch is a patch made of metal, printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; the ground plate is located below the dielectric substrate.

As shown in fig. 1, the radiation patch 13 is printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 11, and the ground plate 12 is located below the dielectric substrate 11. The radiation patch 13, the dielectric substrate 11 and the grounding plate 12 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

As shown in fig. 1, the microstrip patch antenna 10 is provided with four feed holes 14, which penetrate from the upper side of the radiation patch to the lower side of the ground plate, and are symmetrically distributed.

Alternatively, for each feed hole 14, a coaxial feed line is used to connect the ground plate 12 and the radiation patch 13 to achieve coaxial feed.

Coaxial feed refers to coupling the straight and coupled ends of a coupler to a radiating patch through a probe to excite orthogonal linear polarizations of the antenna patch.

Optionally, four equally-divided output ports of the feed network are respectively connected to four feed holes on the microstrip patch antenna included in the four-feed circularly-polarized microstrip patch antenna through probes. The length of the microstrip line is changed in the quarter-divided power divider structure of the T-shaped structure to introduce phase difference, so that the four output ports sequentially meet the phase difference of 90 degrees, and the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna is realized.

The most important way to realize circular polarization radiation is to select a proper feeding mode, and two linear polarization waves can radiate one circular polarization wave as long as orthogonality is satisfied in space, equal in amplitude and 90-degree phase difference is satisfied in phase.

According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the coaxial feeder is connected with the floor and the patch to realize feeding, so that four equally-divided output ports are excited to 1w at the same time, the phases of the four equally-divided output ports are 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG, the phases of the four feeder ports are ensured to sequentially meet the phase difference of 90 DEG, circular polarization radiation is realized, the working bandwidth and standing wave ratio of the antenna can be effectively increased, the axial ratio bandwidth is correspondingly increased, and the polarization performance can be better, so that the performance of the antenna is improved.

In some embodiments, each of the three halves includes one input port and two output ports; and respectively connecting the two output ports of the first halving power divider with the input port of the second halving power divider and the input port of the third halving power divider so as to output through the two output ports of the second halving power divider and the two output ports of the third halving power divider, thereby forming four halving output ports on the four halving power divider with the T-shaped structure.

The power divider (i.e. power divider) is a typical three-port network, one input port and two output ports, and the corresponding circuit enables power to be divided according to a certain proportion. Each feed hole is provided with a feed point, and four feed holes, namely four feed points, are arranged at the position of each feed hole. The power of the four outputs corresponding to the four feeding points of the four-fed circularly polarized microstrip antenna must be uniform, so that a one-quarter power divider should be selected. And a phase difference of 90 deg. should be satisfied between the four output ports of the one-to-four power divider. Therefore, the input power can be divided into two by using one equal power divider, and then the equal power divider is added to the two output ports respectively to achieve the purpose of dividing into four.

Optionally, the radiation patch adopts a rectangular patch, the feeding mode is four feeding modes, namely feeding points are symmetrical, and the phase difference of each feeding point is 90 degrees in sequence. For a radiation patch with the working frequency f, the width of the radiation patch is a preset width, and the calculation formula of the preset width W is as follows:

wherein c is the speed of light, ε _r =4.4 is the relative dielectric constant.

The length of the radiating patch is generally taken as lambda _e 2, where lambda _e Is the guided wave wavelength within the medium, namely:

wherein ε _e Is the effective dielectric constant, and the calculation formula is:

the length of the radiation patch is a preset length, and in actual design, the edge shortening effect is generated, so that the actual preset length L is as follows:

wherein DeltaL is the equivalent radiation slot length, and the calculation formula is as follows:

each feed hole is provided with a feed point, and four feed holes, namely four feed points, are arranged at the position of each feed hole.

The microstrip patch antenna of the embodiment of the disclosure adopts a coaxial feeder for feeding, and most importantly, the position of a feeding point is determined, because the position of the feeding point has a certain influence on the input impedance of the antenna. Knowing the dimensions of the radiating patch, the feed point position at 50 Ω input impedance can be estimated from the following equation:

wherein,

the position of the feeding point can be calculated approximately by the above equation, and the optimal position is determined according to the input impedance in the design process.

The disclosed embodiments are designed with a T-shaped power divider of relatively simple structure, essentially using a shorting line to offset the imaginary impedance and thereby broaden the operating bandwidth of the power divider. And the multi-feed feeding mode is adopted, and four equally-divided output ports are adopted for output, so that the working bandwidth and standing-wave ratio of the antenna can be increased, the axial ratio bandwidth is correspondingly increased, the polarization performance is better, and the performance of the antenna is improved. The feed network is designed by adopting the quarter-divided power divider with the T-shaped structure, and compared with a directional coupler, the antenna structure is more miniaturized.

The flowcharts or block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

The units involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of software, or may be implemented by means of hardware. Wherein the names of the units do not constitute a limitation of the units themselves in some cases.

The functions described above herein may be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, without limitation, exemplary types of hardware logic components that may be used include: a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an Application Specific Standard Product (ASSP), a system on a chip (SOC), a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), and the like.

In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the disclosure to enable one skilled in the art to understand or practice the disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown and described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is characterized in that the four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is fed in a four-feed mode and comprises a microstrip patch antenna and a feed network;

2. The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein the four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna has a three-layer structure, the top layer is a radiation patch and a dielectric substrate, the middle layer is a ground plate, and the bottom layer is a feed network.

3. The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 2, wherein said radiating patch is a patch made of metal, printed on an upper surface of said dielectric substrate;

the ground plate is located below the dielectric substrate.

4. The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein four feed holes are provided on the microstrip patch antenna, the four feed holes penetrate from above the radiation patch to below the ground plate, and the four feed holes are symmetrically distributed.

5. The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the feed hole, the ground plate and the radiation patch are connected using a coaxial feed line to realize coaxial feed.

6. The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 4, wherein four equally-divided output ports of the four equally-divided power divider of the T-shaped structure are respectively connected to four feed holes on the microstrip patch antenna through probes, and the four equally-divided output ports sequentially satisfy a phase difference of 90 ° to realize circularly polarized radiation.

7. The quadrifilar circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the phases of the four equally divided output ports are 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °, respectively.

8. The quadrifilar circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein said T-shaped quadrifilar power divider is comprised of three halving power dividers.

9. The four-fed circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 8, wherein each of said three halves comprises an input port and two output ports;

10. The four-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating patch is rectangular in shape, the length of the radiating patch is a preset length, and the width of the radiating patch is a preset width.