CN220709830U - Multifunctional model teaching aid combining DNA double-helix structure and amino acid molecular structure - Google Patents
Multifunctional model teaching aid combining DNA double-helix structure and amino acid molecular structure Download PDFInfo
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- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 4
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- ASJSAQIRZKANQN-CRCLSJGQSA-N 2-deoxy-D-ribose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CC=O ASJSAQIRZKANQN-CRCLSJGQSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
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- MIKUYHXYGGJMLM-GIMIYPNGSA-N Crotonoside Natural products C1=NC2=C(N)NC(=O)N=C2N1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O MIKUYHXYGGJMLM-GIMIYPNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a multifunctional model teaching aid combining a DNA double-helix structure and an amino acid molecular structure, which is characterized by comprising a supporting frame, a DNA double-helix base sequence string, an umbrella soft plastic connecting buckle and an amino acid sequence block. The DNA double-helix base sequence string comprises three-dimensional color hard plastics such as irregular cylinders, regular pentagons, circles and the like and connecting rods with different thicknesses; the amino acid sequence block consists of an elliptic solid color hard plastic block; the supporting frame comprises an upper transparent round base, a lower transparent round base (each with 2 connecting holes) and a left transparent supporting column and a right transparent supporting column (each with 4 connecting holes). The utility model is used as a structure model teaching aid for teaching and science popularization, can reduce the DNA double helix composition structure more systematically, can be twisted from a plane into a fixed three-dimensional form model, enhances the practical ability and sensory dynamic understanding effect of a user, and simultaneously increases the associated cognition degree between bases and amino acids compared with similar products.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of molecular biology, and particularly relates to a model teaching aid for multifunctional teaching and science popularization demonstration of combining a DNA double-helix structure with an amino acid molecular structure.
Background
In modern teaching modes of biological teaching and science popularization demonstration, model assistance has become one of effective teaching means in order to enable students and listeners to understand abstract biological concepts more quickly and vividly. Model teaching and demonstration can help students and listeners to better understand the effect of a scientific method in scientific research, and culture the practical ability and thinking ability of the students and listeners, so as to obtain basic knowledge in the aspects of basic facts, concepts, principles, laws, models and the like of biology.
In biological teaching, there are mainly physical model, mathematical model and conceptual model, and features of the recognition object are intuitively expressed in the form of real object or picture, and the model is the physical model. The well-known DNA double helix model, made by watson and crick, is the physical model. The model describes the structure of DNA as a double helix, between the two parts of which base pairs consisting of four chemicals are linked, which not only ascertains the internal linkage of the molecular structure of DNA, but also suggests the replication mechanism of DNA: since adenosine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) and guanosine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C), this means that the base sequences of the two strands are complementary to each other, and that the base sequence of one strand is determined as long as the base sequence of the other strand is determined, i.e., the semi-preserved replication mechanism of DNA.
At present, the existing DNA double-helix structure models of schools or science popularization venues are mainly manufactured by adopting methods of disassembly, assembly and twisting, and are generally divided into two types, one type is formed by using materials such as a plane hard plastic square frame, a thin iron wire, a plastic sheet and the like, the assembly of the model is relatively complex, and the double-helix structure of the DNA can be maintained only by applying external force to hands all the time, so that the DNA can not be fixedly stored; the other type is composed of three-dimensional hard plastics with different shapes, and mainly depends on a artificially increased double-helix central shaft which does not belong to the three-dimensional structure of real DNA as a support, and the double-helix central shaft is very easy for learners to misuse that the DNA is provided with the double-helix central shaft, so that the wrong concept of the double-helix space structure of the DNA is formed, and hydrogen bonds among bases are lacked.
The novel DNA double-helix structure model teaching aid is based on the high reducibility of the concept of the DNA double-helix space structure, assists students in accurately understanding the DNA molecular structure, increases the amino acid profile, further exerts the knowledge ductility of model auxiliary teaching, increases the base amino acid relevance recognition of users, and is designed for teaching and science popularization. The model comprises irregular cylinders, regular pentagons, circles, ellipses and connecting rods with different thicknesses, and the connecting rods respectively represent connecting chemical bonds such as bases, deoxyribose, phosphate groups, amino acids, hydrogen bonds and the like; simultaneously, the transparent round base and the support column are matched, the model structure is fixed, and the amino acid shorthand symbol table and the base amino acid comparison table are matched. The model is easy to assemble and disassemble, can systematically represent the DNA double helix composition structure, can be twisted by a plane to form a fixable three-dimensional model, is convenient to store, and simultaneously enhances the practical ability of a user and the degree of recognition of the association between bases and amino acids.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to disclose the following technical contents:
a multifunctional model teaching aid combining a DNA double-helix structure and an amino acid molecular structure is characterized by comprising a supporting framework, a DNA double-helix base sequence string, an umbrella soft plastic connecting buckle (11) and an amino acid sequence block, wherein the total number of the supporting framework and the DNA double-helix base sequence string is 4; wherein the method comprises the steps of
And (3) a supporting frame: the transparent round base comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is a plane round base (1) with 2 connecting holes, and the lower layer is a shallow concave plane round base (2) with 2 connecting holes; the transparent support columns (3) are divided into left and right parts, are respectively provided with 4 amino acid connecting holes (10), and are connected with the left and right parts of the transparent support columns corresponding to the 4 connecting holes of the round base;
DNA duplex base sequence string: the part is composed of three-dimensional colored hard plastic and comprises an irregular cylinder, a regular pentagon, a round connecting rod with different thickness; the round shape (6) is connected with the regular pentagon (5) through a phosphodiester bond thin rod (9), the irregular cylindrical shape (4) is connected with the regular pentagon (5) through a glycosidic bond thick rod (8), and adenine deoxynucleotide is assembled, and the irregular cylindrical shapes (4) are connected through a hydrogen bond (7);
amino acid sequence block: the part consists of elliptic solid color hard plastic, and represents amino acid, including mRNA base composition (A, U, G, C), DNA base composition (A, T, G, C) and tRNA base composition (A, T, G, C), 40 elliptic blocks (12) are formed, 20 blocks are respectively printed with 20 amino acid names and single letter symbols corresponding to the amino acid profile on the front surface, and three letter symbols and corresponding base combinations are printed on the back surface;
the transparent umbrella soft plastic connecting buckle (11) is respectively fixed on the upper and lower circles (6) of the DNA double-spiral structure through an adhesive; wherein two umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles below the DNA double-spiral structure are fixed in the connecting holes of the shallow concave circular base (2), and two umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles above the DNA double-spiral structure are fixed in the connecting holes of the plane circular base (1) in a counterclockwise rotation mode, so that a fixed three-dimensional hard plastic DNA double-spiral structure model is formed.
The irregular cylinder (4) is characterized by comprising four bases, namely adenine A, thymine T, guanine C and cytosine G, wherein each base is 6 irregular cylinders, 4 base letters are printed respectively, and the four bases correspond to red, yellow, green and orange; the regular pentagon (5) is deoxyribose and comprises 24 blue regular pentagons, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are printed on the 4 corners of the regular pentagon in sequence, wherein 1-4 represent carbon atom positions, the 5 th position is a linking position with the irregular cylinder (4), and the round (6) is a phosphoric acid group and comprises 28 purple circles. Hydrogen bond bars characterized by 60 fine bar hydrogen bonds connecting adenine a and thymine T, guanine C and cytosine G; 24 glycosidic bond thick bars (8) connecting the irregular cylinder (4) and the regular pentagon (5); 24 (9) of straight-line and broken-line phosphoric acid diester thin rods connecting the round (6) and the regular pentagon (5) are respectively connected, and 132 connecting key rods are formed in total.
Compared with the existing model, the multifunctional model combining the DNA double-helix structure and the amino acid structure for teaching and science popularization demonstration has the following positive effects: the model is used for teaching and science popularization demonstration, and the molecular structure of the DNA double helix can be systematically and highly reduced, comprising the positions of 5-position carbon atoms on deoxyribose and how to connect with the bases and the phosphate groups, which are connected by a plurality of hydrogen bonds between bases, and the center shaft column of some existing models for fixing is removed, all materials for fixing are transparent materials, so that misguidance of the DNA structure caused by users is avoided. Meanwhile, an amino acid profile and a base amino acid corresponding table are added, the knowledge ductility of model aided teaching is further developed, the base amino acid relevance recognition of a user is improved, the four-word idiom elements corresponding to the single-letter symbols of the amino acids are integrated, and the interestingness of the product is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall effect diagram of a model teaching aid;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a double helix string structure of DNA;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a model support frame;
FIG. 4 is a front parametric plot of 20 amino acid blocks;
FIG. 5 is a reverse parameter chart of a 20 amino acid block;
1. plane round base 2, shallow concave plane round base 3 and transparent support column
4. Irregular cylindrical (base) 5, regular pentagonal (deoxyribose) 6, circular (phosphate group)
7. Hydrogen bond rod 8, glycosidic bond coarse rod 9 and phosphodiester bond fine rod
10. Amino acid connecting hole 11, umbrella soft plastic connecting buckle 12 and elliptic block
Detailed Description
The utility model is described below by means of specific embodiments. The technical means used in the present utility model are methods well known to those skilled in the art unless specifically stated. Further, the embodiments should be construed as illustrative, and not limiting the scope of the utility model, which is defined solely by the claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. In order to more clearly describe the method of this patent, the following describes the method of using the model teaching aid of this patent in detail.
Example 1
(1) The application is as follows:
and teaching in class of courses such as molecular biology and the like, and assembling and explaining the DNA double-helix structure through a model teaching aid.
(2) Preparation for assembly
Materials: this patent model teaching aid, 502 etc. adhesive.
Facilities: experiment operation table or desk.
(3) Assembling step
(1) Model support frame structure assembly
2 transparent round bases and 2 support columns are adopted, the plane round base is arranged on the upper side, the shallow concave surface round base is arranged on the lower side (the concave surface is downward, and the shallow concave surface round base is convenient to stably place), and the support columns are connected with the left side and the right side of the support columns corresponding to 4 connecting holes on the round base.
(2) Deoxynucleotide structure assembly
And (3) taking 1 blue regular pentagon deoxyribose, purple round phosphate groups, broken line white fine rod phosphodiester bonds, adenine (A) and white coarse rod glycosidic bonds, determining the positions of 5 carbon atoms by referring to the structure of DNA deoxyribose, connecting the phosphate groups with the deoxyribose No. 5 carbon atoms by using the broken line white fine rod phosphodiester bonds, and connecting the adenine (A) with the deoxyribose No. 1 carbon atoms by using the white coarse rod glycosidic bonds to complete the assembly of the adenine deoxynucleotide. The remaining structures were joined into various deoxynucleotide elements in the manner described above.
(3) DNA double helix string structure assembly
And (3) combining the assembled 6 groups of adenine deoxynucleotides, 6 groups of thymine deoxynucleotides, 6 groups of guanine deoxynucleotides and 6 groups of cytosine deoxynucleotides in pairs according to a base complementary pairing principle, wherein adenine and thymine are connected through 2 white fine rod hydrogen bonds, guanine and cytosine are connected through 3 white fine rod hydrogen bonds, and 12 groups of randomly arranged deoxynucleotide pairs are sequentially connected through straight white fine rod phosphodiester bonds to form a DNA double helix string structure.
(4) Integral model assembly
The method comprises the steps of respectively fixing 4 transparent umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles on the upper and lower 2 phosphoric acid groups of a DNA double-spiral structure, connecting and fixing by using adhesives such as 502, lifting the DNA double-spiral structure to be vertical to the ground after the adhesives are thoroughly dried, fixing the lower 2 transparent umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles in 2 connecting holes of a concave circular base, and fixing the upper 2 transparent umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles in 2 connecting holes of a plane circular base after the DNA double-spiral structure is rotated anticlockwise to form a fixed three-dimensional hard plastic DNA double-spiral structure model.
(4) Base amino acid control:
in the case of the random arrangement of 12 sets of deoxynucleotide pairs, the user may arrange the first letter of the set four-word idioms or words corresponding to the letter symbol of the amino acid profile, e.g., the first letter of each word of the word "great wall" is abbreviated as "WLCC", W corresponds to tryptophan Trp (TGG), L corresponds to leucine Leu (CTA), C corresponds to cysteine Cys (TGT), C corresponds to cysteine Cys (TGC), one of the strands is formed with a base sequence of TGGCTATGTTGC and the other complementary strand is ACCGATACAACG, where a+t=c+g number. The pink elliptic amino acids are respectively assembled in 4 connecting holes of the transparent support column from top to bottom to form amino acid base and four-word idioms or word contrast, so that the knowledge ductility and the interestingness are improved.
Example 2
(1) The application is as follows:
and (3) carrying out field demonstration on the transgenic science popularization, and carrying out assembly explanation on the DNA double-helix structure through a model teaching aid.
(2) Preparation for assembly
Materials: this patent model teaching aid, 502 etc. adhesive.
Facilities: and a demonstration operation table.
(3) Assembling step
(1) Model support frame structure assembly
2 transparent round bases and 2 support columns are adopted, the plane round base is arranged on the upper side, the shallow concave surface round base is arranged on the lower side (the concave surface is downward, and the shallow concave surface round base is convenient to stably place), and the support columns are connected with the left side and the right side of the support columns corresponding to 4 connecting holes on the round base.
(2) Deoxynucleotide structure assembly
And (3) taking 1 blue regular pentagon deoxyribose, purple round phosphate groups, broken line white fine rod phosphodiester bonds, adenine (A) and white coarse rod glycosidic bonds, determining the positions of 5 carbon atoms by referring to the structure of DNA deoxyribose, connecting the phosphate groups with the deoxyribose No. 5 carbon atoms by using the broken line white fine rod phosphodiester bonds, and connecting the adenine (A) with the deoxyribose No. 1 carbon atoms by using the white coarse rod glycosidic bonds to complete the assembly of the adenine deoxynucleotide. The remaining structures were joined into various deoxynucleotide elements in the manner described above.
(3) DNA double helix string structure assembly
And (3) combining the assembled 6 groups of adenine deoxynucleotides, 6 groups of thymine deoxynucleotides, 6 groups of guanine deoxynucleotides and 6 groups of cytosine deoxynucleotides in pairs according to a base complementary pairing principle, wherein adenine and thymine are connected through 2 white fine rod hydrogen bonds, guanine and cytosine are connected through 3 white fine rod hydrogen bonds, and 12 groups of randomly arranged deoxynucleotide pairs are sequentially connected through straight white fine rod phosphodiester bonds to form a DNA double helix string structure.
(4) Integral model assembly
The method comprises the steps of respectively fixing 4 transparent umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles on the upper and lower 2 phosphoric acid groups of a DNA double-spiral structure, connecting and fixing by using adhesives such as 502, lifting the DNA double-spiral structure to be vertical to the ground after the adhesives are thoroughly dried, fixing the lower 2 transparent umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles in 2 connecting holes of a concave circular base, and fixing the upper 2 transparent umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles in 2 connecting holes of a plane circular base after the DNA double-spiral structure is rotated anticlockwise to form a fixed three-dimensional hard plastic DNA double-spiral structure model.
(4) Base amino acid control:
in the case of a random arrangement of 12 sets of deoxynucleotide pairs, the user may arrange the first letter of the phrase or words according to a predetermined four-word phrase corresponding to the letter symbol of the amino acid profile, e.g., the first letter of each word of the phrase "my love mama" is abbreviated as "WAMM", W corresponds to tryptophan Trp (TGG), a corresponds to alanine Ala (GCT), M corresponds to methionine Met (ATG), one of the strands is formed in a base sequence of TGGGCTATGATG, and the other complementary strand is ACCCGATACTAC, where a+t=c+g number. The pink elliptic amino acids are respectively assembled in 4 connecting holes of the transparent support column from top to bottom to form amino acid base and four-word idioms or word contrast, so that the knowledge ductility and the interestingness are improved.
Conclusion: the model teaching aid provided by the utility model has the advantages that in the aspect of systematically reducing the DNA double-helix structure, the connection positions of hydrogen bonds between bases and the connection positions of bases and phosphoric acid groups and carbon atoms on deoxyribose are highlighted, the fixing structure is weakened, the misguidance of vision teaching is avoided, the hard plastic structure model is fixed in an attractive manner, the knowledge ductility and the interestingness are improved by integrating amino acid elements, and the like, and the model teaching aid is greatly improved compared with the conventional DNA double-helix structure model.
Claims (3)
1. A multifunctional model teaching aid combining a DNA double-helix structure and an amino acid molecular structure is characterized by comprising a supporting framework, a DNA double-helix base sequence string, an umbrella soft plastic connecting buckle (11) and an amino acid sequence block, wherein the total number of the supporting framework and the DNA double-helix base sequence string is 4; wherein the method comprises the steps of
And (3) a supporting frame: the transparent round base comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is a plane round base (1) with 2 connecting holes, and the lower layer is a shallow concave plane round base (2) with 2 connecting holes; the transparent support columns (3) are divided into left and right parts, are respectively provided with 4 amino acid connecting holes (10), and are connected with the left and right parts of the transparent support columns corresponding to the 4 connecting holes of the round base;
DNA duplex base sequence string: the part is composed of three-dimensional colored hard plastic and comprises an irregular cylinder, a regular pentagon, a round connecting rod with different thickness; the round shape (6) is connected with the regular pentagon (5) through a phosphodiester bond thin rod (9), the irregular cylindrical shape (4) is connected with the regular pentagon (5) through a glycosidic bond thick rod (8), and adenine deoxynucleotide is assembled, and the irregular cylindrical shapes (4) are connected through a hydrogen bond (7);
amino acid sequence block: the part consists of elliptic solid color hard plastic, and represents amino acid, including mRNA base composition (A, U, G, C), DNA base composition (A, T, G, C) and tRNA base composition (A, T, G, C), 40 elliptic blocks (12) are formed, 20 blocks are respectively printed with 20 amino acid names and single letter symbols corresponding to the amino acid profile on the front surface, and three letter symbols and corresponding base combinations are printed on the back surface;
the transparent umbrella soft plastic connecting buckle (11) is respectively fixed on the upper and lower circles (6) of the DNA double-spiral structure through an adhesive; wherein two umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles below the DNA double-spiral structure are fixed in the connecting holes of the shallow concave circular base (2), and two umbrella soft plastic connecting buckles above the DNA double-spiral structure are fixed in the connecting holes of the plane circular base (1) in a counterclockwise rotation mode, so that a fixed three-dimensional hard plastic DNA double-spiral structure model is formed.
2. The multifunctional model teaching aid combining a DNA double-helix structure with an amino acid molecular structure according to claim 1, wherein the irregular cylinder (4) comprises four bases of adenine A, thymine T, guanine C and cytosine G, each base is 6 irregular cylinders, 4 base letters are printed respectively, and the four colors of red, yellow, green and orange are corresponding; the regular pentagon (5) is deoxyribose and comprises 24 blue regular pentagons, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are printed on the 4 corners of the regular pentagon in sequence, wherein 1-4 represent carbon atom positions, the 5 th position is a linking position with the irregular cylinder (4), and the round (6) is a phosphoric acid group and comprises 28 purple circles.
3. The multifunctional model teaching aid combining a DNA duplex structure with an amino acid molecular structure according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen bonding bars comprise 60 fine bar hydrogen bonds connecting adenine a and thymine T, guanine C and cytosine G; 24 glycosidic bond thick bars (8) connecting the irregular cylinder (4) and the regular pentagon (5); 24 (9) of straight-line and broken-line phosphoric acid diester thin rods connecting the round (6) and the regular pentagon (5) are respectively connected, and 132 connecting key rods are formed in total.
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| CN202321309946.7U CN220709830U (en) | 2023-05-27 | 2023-05-27 | Multifunctional model teaching aid combining DNA double-helix structure and amino acid molecular structure |
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