CN220673417U - Battery pack protection circuit - Google Patents
Battery pack protection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN220673417U CN220673417U CN202322116127.7U CN202322116127U CN220673417U CN 220673417 U CN220673417 U CN 220673417U CN 202322116127 U CN202322116127 U CN 202322116127U CN 220673417 U CN220673417 U CN 220673417U
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
The application discloses battery package protection circuit includes: n equalization units; the protection units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery units; the main loop switch unit is provided with a first controlled enabling end, a first switch connecting end and a second switch connecting end, the second switch connecting end is connected with the negative electrode of the load, and the first controlled enabling end is connected with the enabling control end; one end of the current sampling unit is connected with the connecting end of the first switch, and the other end of the current sampling unit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack and is used for collecting current flowing through the current sampling unit; and the power supply module is used for providing working voltage for the battery pack protection circuit. The utility model can realize the balance of each battery unit, ensure the high-efficiency use of the battery pack, and simultaneously, the protection unit can adjust the on-off state of the main loop switch unit according to the detected voltage and current so as to ensure that the battery pack can be rapidly and effectively cut off when the conditions of overcurrent, overvoltage, overload and the like occur.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of micro-vehicle batteries, in particular to a battery pack protection circuit.
Background
Currently, as micro-vehicles are developed and popularized, the secondary battery is receiving more and more attention. Under the condition that the single cells or the single-module batteries have certain specifications, the single cells are often required to be connected in series and parallel to form a battery pack for use in order to meet different use occasions and application requirements. However, the existing multi-string battery cannot bear overcharge and overdischarge, and when the number of the batteries connected in series and parallel is large, new problems such as unbalanced batteries can occur, and meanwhile, more safety problems are easily caused due to the overcharge and overdischarge.
Disclosure of Invention
The present utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the utility model provides a battery pack protection circuit which can ensure the balance of battery pack charging and has a better protection effect.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, a battery pack protection circuit, the battery pack including N cascaded battery cells, includes:
the N equalization units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery units, and the N battery units are used for equalizing the N battery units;
the protection unit is provided with an enabling control end, a current detection end and N voltage detection ends, and the N voltage detection ends are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery units;
the main loop switch unit is provided with a first controlled enabling end, a first switch connecting end and a second switch connecting end, the second switch connecting end is connected with the negative electrode of the load, and the first controlled enabling end is connected with the enabling control end;
one end of the current sampling unit is connected with the first switch connecting end, and the other end of the current sampling unit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack; the current detection end is used for collecting current flowing through the current sampling unit;
and the power supply module is used for providing working voltage for the battery pack protection circuit.
The battery pack protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:
the equalization unit corresponding to each battery unit can realize equalization of each battery unit so as to ensure that a plurality of battery units can be in an equalization state as far as possible after charging is finished, ensure efficient use of the battery pack, and simultaneously realize voltage detection of the battery units and electric power detection of a main loop of the battery pack by utilizing the protection unit, so that the protection unit can adjust the on-off state of the main loop switch unit according to detected voltage and current, and realize quick and effective cutting-off when conditions of overcurrent, overvoltage, overload and the like occur, thereby avoiding further expansion of safety accidents.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the battery pack protection circuit further comprises:
and the electric quantity detection unit is used for detecting the residual electric quantity of the battery pack.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the battery pack protection circuit further comprises:
and the display control unit is connected with the electric quantity detection unit.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the display control unit includes:
the control unit is connected with the electric quantity detection unit;
and the indicator lamp unit is connected with the control unit.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the equalization unit comprises:
the equalization chip is provided with a first working voltage end, a second working voltage end and an equalization output end, wherein the first working voltage end is connected with the corresponding negative electrode of the battery unit, and the second working voltage end is connected with the corresponding positive electrode of the battery unit;
the equalizing switch unit is provided with a second controlled enabling end, a third switch connecting end and a fourth switch connecting end, the second controlled enabling end is connected with the equalizing output end, and the third switch connecting end is connected with the first working voltage end;
and the energy dissipation resistor is connected between the fourth switch connecting end and the second working voltage end.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the equalizing switch unit comprises a MOS transistor.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the protection unit comprises:
the first battery protection chip is provided with N voltage detection terminals, an enabling control terminal and a current detection terminal.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the protection unit comprises:
the first battery protection chip is provided with the enabling control end, the current detection ends, M voltage detection ends and L level signal input ends; wherein M+L is equal to N;
the second battery protection chip is provided with L voltage detection ends and L voltage safety signal output ends, the L voltage safety signal output ends are connected with the L level signal input ends in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the M+L voltage detection ends are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the N battery units.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the enable control terminal includes a first sub-enable terminal and a second sub-enable terminal;
the main loop switch unit includes:
the grid electrode of the first MOS tube assembly is connected with the first sub-enabling end, and the source electrode of the first MOS tube assembly is connected with the negative electrode of the load;
and the grid electrode of the second MOS tube component is connected with the second sub-enabling end, the source electrode of the second MOS tube component is connected with one end of the current sampling unit, and the drain electrode of the second MOS tube component is connected with the drain electrode of the first MOS tube component.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the first MOS transistor assembly and the second MOS transistor assembly are each composed of a plurality of MOS transistors.
Additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the utility model.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of an equalization unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a protection unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an electric quantity detecting unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a display control unit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a power module according to an embodiment of the utility model.
Reference numerals:
an equalizing unit 100,
A first battery protection chip 210, a second battery protection chip 220,
A main loop switch unit 300,
A current sampling unit 400,
An electric quantity detecting unit 500,
A control unit 610, an indicator light unit 620.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, the description of first, second, etc. is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the direction or positional relationship indicated with respect to the description of the orientation, such as up, down, etc., is based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the drawings, is merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present utility model can be determined reasonably by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described below are some, but not all embodiments of the utility model.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a battery pack protection circuit, which comprises: n equalization units 100, a protection unit, a main loop switching unit 300, a current sampling unit 400, and a power module;
the N equalization units 100 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery units, and the N battery units are used for equalizing the N battery units;
the protection unit is provided with an enabling control end, a current detection end and N voltage detection ends, and the N voltage detection ends are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery units;
a main loop switching unit 300 having a first controlled enable terminal, a first switch connection terminal, and a second switch connection terminal, the second switch connection terminal being connected to a negative electrode of the load, the first controlled enable terminal being connected to the enable control terminal;
the current sampling unit 400, one end of which is connected with the first switch connection end, and the other end of which is connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack; the current detection end is used for collecting the current flowing through the current sampling unit 400;
and the power supply module is used for providing working voltage for the battery pack protection circuit.
Referring to fig. 1, each battery unit is correspondingly provided with an equalization unit 100, in this embodiment, the equalization units 100 achieve equalization by adopting an energy consumption manner, specifically, each equalization unit 100 can preset a charged voltage threshold, when the voltage charged by the battery unit reaches the voltage threshold, energy consumption is started, the electric quantity continuously charged to the battery unit is consumed, at this time, the voltage of the battery unit is not increased, and other battery units which do not reach the voltage threshold continue to charge until all battery units are charged to the voltage threshold, so that the charging of the whole battery pack is completed, and the voltage of all battery units in the battery pack is at the voltage threshold.
Referring to fig. 2, the protection unit may detect the voltage of each battery unit through the N voltage detection terminals, and may collect the current of the output loop of the battery pack through the current sampling unit 400, and the protection unit may adjust the on/off of the main loop switch unit 300 by determining whether the voltage and the current are normal, and when an abnormality occurs, may directly cut off the connection between the battery pack and the load by directly cutting off the main loop switch unit 300, so as to ensure the safety of the load, and meanwhile, the battery pack may be more convenient for safety control because of the cut-off of the output.
The battery pack protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the utility model can realize the balance of each battery unit through the balance unit 100 correspondingly arranged on each battery unit, so that the battery packs can be in an balanced state as much as possible after the battery units are charged, and the high-efficiency use of the battery packs is ensured.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, the battery pack protection circuit further includes a power detection unit 500, and the power detection unit 500 is used to detect a remaining power of the battery pack. The residual electric quantity of the battery pack can be obtained through the electric quantity detection unit 500, and then the modes of transmitting the residual electric quantity data to the client or directly displaying the residual electric quantity data locally can be selected, so that a user can know the state of charging and discharging in time, and the user can charge and use conveniently.
In some embodiments, the battery pack protection circuit further includes a display control unit, and the display control unit is connected to the power detection unit 500. The display control unit is arranged locally, so that the state of charge of the battery pack can be intuitively and effectively observed, and the use of a user is facilitated. The display control unit can directly select a liquid crystal touch control screen with a controller, and can also adopt a structure that the control unit 610 and the display screen are combined.
As shown in fig. 4, in some embodiments, the display control unit includes a control unit 610, an indicator light unit 620; the control unit 610 is connected with the power detection unit 500; the indicator lamp unit 620 is connected to the control unit 610. The remaining state of the power can be intuitively and effectively represented by the indicator light unit 620, and the power early warning can be completed by the indicator light. Specifically, the indicator light unit 620 may be directly configured by using a plurality of LED lamps, and may directly perform power indication by using a plurality of LED lamps, and set a red LED lamp for early warning.
In some embodiments, the control unit 610 may be a single-chip microcomputer, a DSP, or an ARM, and may specifically be an STM32F030 processor.
As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments, the equalization unit 100 includes: equalization chips (UA 1 to UA7 shown in FIG. 1), equalization switch units and energy dissipation resistors (RB 1 to RB7 shown in FIG. 1);
the equalization chip is provided with a first working voltage end, a second working voltage end and an equalization output end, wherein the first working voltage end is connected with the negative electrode of the corresponding battery unit, and the second working voltage end is connected with the positive electrode of the corresponding battery unit;
the equalizing switch unit is provided with a second controlled enabling end, a third switch connecting end and a fourth switch connecting end, wherein the second controlled enabling end is connected with the equalizing output end, and the third switch connecting end is connected with the first working voltage end;
and the energy dissipation resistor is connected between the fourth switch connecting end and the second working voltage end.
The equalizing chip can detect the voltage of the battery unit, and meanwhile, when the voltage of the battery unit exceeds a voltage threshold value, the equalizing switch unit is connected through the equalizing output end to output a control signal, so that the energy consumption resistor is connected to two ends of the battery unit, and at the moment, the battery pack is still in a charging state, but the voltage of the battery unit can not continuously increase due to the consumption of the energy consumption resistor. In some embodiments, the equalization chip may be an MM3513 chip, and specifically, other types of equalization chips may be selected according to actual requirements.
In some embodiments, the equalization switch unit includes MOS transistors (QA 1 to QA7 as shown in fig. 1). The MOS tube has on-off control capability, better current carrying capability and lower price, and is suitable for industrialized popularization and use.
In some embodiments, the protection unit includes a first battery protection chip 210, where the first battery protection chip 210 has N voltage detection terminals, an enable control terminal, and a current detection terminal. The specific number of strings of the multi-string battery pack is not necessarily the same, but when the number of strings is small, the protection unit may use only the first battery protection chip 210. In some embodiments, the first battery protection chip 210 is an MM3474, and may be other protection chips according to actual requirements.
As shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments, the protection unit includes a first battery protection chip 210, a second battery protection chip 220;
a first battery protection chip 210 having an enable control terminal, a current detection terminal, M voltage detection terminals, L level signal input terminals; wherein M+L is equal to N;
the second battery protection chip 220 has L voltage detection terminals and L voltage safety signal output terminals, the L voltage safety signal output terminals and the L level signal input terminals are connected in one-to-one correspondence, and the m+l voltage detection terminals are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery cells.
The specific string number of the multi-string battery pack is not constant, and when the string number is large, the protection unit only adopts the first battery protection chip 210, so that effective supervision of all the plurality of battery units may not be realized, and at this time, the second battery protection chip 220 is required to be used for expansion. It is understood that the number of the second battery protection chips 220 is not fixed and can be flexibly adjusted according to actual requirements. In some embodiments, the first battery protection chip 210 is an MM3474, and the second battery protection chip 220 is an MM3220, and specifically, other protection chips may be selected according to actual requirements.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the enable control terminal includes a first sub-enable terminal and a second sub-enable terminal; the main loop switching unit 300 includes: a first MOS tube assembly (QC 1 to QC3 are combined as shown in FIG. 2), and a second MOS tube assembly (QD 1 to QD3 are combined as shown in FIG. 2); the grid electrode of the first MOS tube assembly is connected with the first sub-enabling end, and the source electrode of the first MOS tube assembly is connected with the negative electrode of the load; the gate of the second MOS tube assembly is connected with the second sub-enabling end, the source is connected with one end of the current sampling unit 400, and the drain is connected with the drain of the first MOS tube assembly. The first MOS tube component and the second MOS tube component can realize on-off control of the battery pack output main loop, and the MOS tube is low in price, has good current carrying capacity and is suitable for large-scale use. It should be noted that, under extreme conditions, for example, when the current of the output loop of the battery pack is smaller and the larger condition cannot occur, the enabling control end can only set one port, and the corresponding MOS tube can also only be set for on-off control, without setting two MOS tube assemblies, the enabling control end directly controls the on-off of the MOS tube to complete the on-off control of the output main loop of the battery pack.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the first MOS transistor assembly and the second MOS transistor assembly are each composed of a plurality of MOS transistors. By means of the parallel connection design of the MOS tubes, power consumption can be effectively improved, so that power consumption of a system can be better even if output current of a battery pack is large, and the situation that a single MOS tube is overheated is avoided.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the current sampling unit 400 includes a plurality of sampling resistors (RES 1 to RES4 as shown), by which a current can be directly converted into a voltage and then collected by a current detection terminal.
As shown in fig. 5, in some embodiments, the power module includes a voltage conversion chip and a voltage regulator chip connected in sequence, so that the operating power required in some embodiments of the present utility model can be obtained. The voltage conversion chip may employ TPS54060 and the voltage regulator chip may sample the MCP33.
The embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. A battery pack protection circuit, wherein the battery pack comprises N cascaded battery cells, the battery pack protection circuit comprising:
the N equalization units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery units, and the N battery units are used for equalizing the N battery units;
the protection unit is provided with an enabling control end, a current detection end and N voltage detection ends, and the N voltage detection ends are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the N battery units;
the main loop switch unit is provided with a first controlled enabling end, a first switch connecting end and a second switch connecting end, the second switch connecting end is connected with the negative electrode of the load, and the first controlled enabling end is connected with the enabling control end;
one end of the current sampling unit is connected with the first switch connecting end, and the other end of the current sampling unit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack; the current detection end is used for collecting current flowing through the current sampling unit;
and the power supply module is used for providing working voltage for the battery pack protection circuit.
2. The battery pack protection circuit of claim 1, further comprising:
and the electric quantity detection unit is used for detecting the residual electric quantity of the battery pack.
3. The battery pack protection circuit of claim 2, wherein said battery pack protection circuit further comprises:
and the display control unit is connected with the electric quantity detection unit.
4. The battery pack protection circuit of claim 3, wherein said display control unit comprises:
the control unit is connected with the electric quantity detection unit;
and the indicator lamp unit is connected with the control unit.
5. The battery pack protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the equalization unit includes:
the equalization chip is provided with a first working voltage end, a second working voltage end and an equalization output end, wherein the first working voltage end is connected with the corresponding negative electrode of the battery unit, and the second working voltage end is connected with the corresponding positive electrode of the battery unit;
the equalizing switch unit is provided with a second controlled enabling end, a third switch connecting end and a fourth switch connecting end, the second controlled enabling end is connected with the equalizing output end, and the third switch connecting end is connected with the first working voltage end;
and the energy dissipation resistor is connected between the fourth switch connecting end and the second working voltage end.
6. The battery pack protection circuit of claim 5, wherein said equalization switch unit comprises a MOS transistor.
7. The battery pack protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the protection unit comprises:
the first battery protection chip is provided with N voltage detection terminals, an enabling control terminal and a current detection terminal.
8. The battery pack protection circuit of claim 6, wherein the protection unit comprises:
the first battery protection chip is provided with the enabling control end, the current detection ends, M voltage detection ends and L level signal input ends; wherein M+L is equal to N;
the second battery protection chip is provided with L voltage detection ends and L voltage safety signal output ends, the L voltage safety signal output ends are connected with the L level signal input ends in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the M+L voltage detection ends are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner with the N battery units.
9. The battery pack protection circuit of claim 1, wherein said enable control terminal comprises a first sub-enable terminal and a second sub-enable terminal;
the main loop switch unit includes:
the grid electrode of the first MOS tube assembly is connected with the first sub-enabling end, and the source electrode of the first MOS tube assembly is connected with the negative electrode of the load;
and the grid electrode of the second MOS tube component is connected with the second sub-enabling end, the source electrode of the second MOS tube component is connected with one end of the current sampling unit, and the drain electrode of the second MOS tube component is connected with the drain electrode of the first MOS tube component.
10. The battery pack protection circuit of claim 9, wherein the first MOS transistor assembly and the second MOS transistor assembly are each comprised of a plurality of MOS transistors.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322116127.7U CN220673417U (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2023-08-08 | Battery pack protection circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322116127.7U CN220673417U (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2023-08-08 | Battery pack protection circuit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220673417U true CN220673417U (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322116127.7U Active CN220673417U (en) | 2023-08-08 | 2023-08-08 | Battery pack protection circuit |
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| CN (1) | CN220673417U (en) |
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- 2023-08-08 CN CN202322116127.7U patent/CN220673417U/en active Active
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