CN220591896U - Multi-laser wire feeding and material adding system - Google Patents

Abstract

The multi-laser wire feeding and material adding system is fixed in a machine frame, the machine frame comprises an upper frame and a lower frame, a laser and an electric control cabinet are arranged in the lower frame, a printing head, a triaxial moving platform and a printing platform are arranged in the upper frame, a wire feeding disc is arranged at the top of the machine frame, and the printing head is provided with a split type conductive nozzle; the upper part of the printing head is provided with a wire feeding straightening device. The utility model can realize the functions of automatic gun cleaning and wire cutting, wire straightening, flexible wire feeding of the conducting nozzle, uniform light spot wire feeding, substrate preheating, consistent wire dry extension and the like.

Description

Multi-laser wire feeding and material adding system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to a multi-laser wire feeding and material adding technology, and particularly relates to a multi-laser wire feeding and material adding system.

Background

The additive manufacturing technology is an advanced digital manufacturing technology which utilizes the principle of layer-by-layer build-up welding cladding, adopts electric arc, laser, electron beam, plasma and the like as heat sources, and gradually forms metal parts from line-surface-body under the control of a program through continuous addition of metal wires. The technology is applied to the fields of aerospace, ship manufacturing, military industry, energy and in-situ repair and the like.

Laser metal additive manufacturing processes employ a Direct Energy Deposition (DED) process that utilizes a distributed laser light source to focus multiple laser beams onto a work surface where the laser focus intersects a metallic material (wire or powder) to form a metallic layered structure on a base material under computer control.

Prior art 1: a multi-laser beam 3D printhead for rapid prototyping of metal melt, bulletin number: CN107813050B. The device comprises a multi-beam annular focusing device and a wire conveying device, wherein the multi-beam annular focusing device comprises a spherical arc printing head main body and single-beam focusing devices which are distributed in an annular mode, and the wire conveying device comprises a wire feeding tube, a driving device, a printing spray head, a straightening mechanism and the like; the multiple light beams are focused to the sphere center of the spherical arc printing head main body through the single light beam focusing devices distributed in an annular mode; the wire is vertically fed and straightened by the straightening mechanism, so that the problem of poor wire feeding precision caused by bending of the wire in the existing wire feeding method is solved, the multi-beam annular distribution is realized, the adverse effect on the processing quality caused by single beam defocusing fluctuation in the processing process is eliminated, the multi-angle beam annular distribution is easy to adjust the action angle of a laser beam and the wire, the laser power is controlled, and the optical wire coupling of the device is continuous and stable, so that the processing precision and the forming efficiency are remarkably improved.

Prior art 2: laser device replication, bulletin number for multiple laser coaxial wire feed additive manufacturing equipment: CN210817967U. The laser device comprises a plurality of laser heads, a laser beam forming device and a laser beam forming device, wherein the laser heads of the laser device are arranged along the circumferential direction of a wire feeder, a set included angle is formed between laser emitted by a nozzle of the laser head and a central shaft of the wire feeder, the angle of the set included angle is adjustable, a plurality of laser beams emitted by the nozzles of the laser heads are converged on the same light spot, and the light spot is positioned on the central shaft of the wire feeder. The laser device comprises a plurality of laser heads, a laser feeder, a laser beam, a laser spot, a laser beam detector and a laser beam detector, wherein the laser heads of the laser device are arranged along the circumferential direction of the laser feeder, a set included angle is formed between laser emitted by a nozzle of the laser head and the central shaft of the laser feeder, the angle of the set included angle is adjustable, a plurality of laser beams emitted by the nozzles of the laser heads are converged on the same light spot, and the light spot is positioned on the central shaft of the laser feeder. The additive manufacturing equipment provided by the utility model can perform titanium 3D printing under the condition of inert gas sealing.

The prior art using multiple lasers for additive manufacturing has several problems.

(one) metal ball melting problem: in the additive manufacturing process, molten balls are easily generated at the end parts of the wires, and the printing quality is affected. To more accurately measure the dry elongation of the wire and improve print quality, the melt ball needs to be removed.

(II) Dry elongation inconsistency problem: in the additive manufacturing process, the dry elongation of the wire is equal to the length of the wire extending out of the contact tip. In the prior art, the dry elongation of the wires at different printing starting points is often different, so that accumulated errors are formed at the different printing starting points, the melting and accumulating amounts of the wires are different, and the printing quality is affected.

(III) wire bending problem: wire straightening is needed before wire deposition starts, the wire is bent when extending out of the wire feeding nozzle, splashing and other defects are caused due to uneven heating, forming accuracy is greatly affected, forming continuity cannot be guaranteed, and straightening is needed through a straightener.

(IV) rigid wire feeding problem: the wire feeding conductive nozzle in the prior art has rigid strength and is easy to cause the problems of wire blocking and wire breakage.

Fifth, the multi-laser spot energy distribution is often non-uniform, affecting print quality.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a multi-laser wire feeding and material adding system and an application method thereof. The device comprises a gun cleaning and wire cutting technology, a dry extension detection and control technology, a wire straightening technology, a split type conductive nozzle flexible wire feeding technology and an annular polygonal uniform-energy printing technology for light spots.

The multi-laser wire feeding and material adding system is fixed in a machine frame, the machine frame comprises an upper frame and a lower frame, a laser and an electric control cabinet are arranged in the lower frame, a printing head, a triaxial moving platform and a printing platform are arranged in the upper frame, a wire feeding disc is arranged at the top of the machine frame, and the printing head is provided with a split type conductive nozzle; the upper part of the printing head is provided with a wire feeding straightening device.

Further, send silk coalignment to have the structure of dislocation through-hole for not co-altitude department, can make the silk spiral pass coalignment, coalignment lower part is connected with the motor, and the motor is used for driving the coalignment rotation, in the wire feed process, the coalignment that coalignment rotatory realization spiral passed.

Furthermore, the straightening device is of a cylindrical spiral hollow structure, and the hollow structure is a spiral circular through hole.

Further, the straightening device is a tower type orifice plate structure, the tower type orifice plate structure comprises a plurality of layers of orifice plates, and the orifice plates are supported by orifice plate supports.

Further, the wires spirally pass through the through holes of the two adjacent layers of pore plates, and the included angle of the through holes of the two adjacent layers of pore plates in the vertical direction is 126-180 degrees; the number of the through holes on the pore plate is not less than one, and when the number of the through holes is two or more, various wires can be penetrated at the same time.

Further, the diameter of the through hole is 2-4mm, the diameter of the wire is 0.4-2.0mm, and the rotating speed of the straightening device is 80-160rpm.

Further, the rotating speed of the straightening device is 100rpm.

Further, the split type contact tip comprises a plurality of split ends, a groove part is arranged between the split ends, the upper parts of the split ends are of an integrated structure, the outer sides of the integrated structure are connected with locking blocks, and the locking blocks provide flexible locking force for the split ends.

Further, the printing platform is sequentially provided with a heat insulation layer, a heating layer and a substrate from bottom to top.

Further, the light spot of the laser is in a circular ring shape, a round shape or a polygonal ring shape.

Further, the laser can switch the working mode of the pulse laser to fuse the fuse ball at the end part of the wire.

An application method of a multi-laser wire feeding and material adding system,

step one: setting parameters: setting the height H from the printing head to the printing platform and setting the dry extension L;

step two: switching on a power supply, moving the triaxial moving platform to an original position, starting a laser for focusing, and moving the printing platform to a focal length position of laser;

step three: the wire feeding disc is started to feed wires;

step four: starting laser and shielding gas for printing;

the printing head can fuse wires with metal melting balls at the end parts by utilizing laser pulses, so that automatic gun cleaning and wire cutting are realized.

Further, the dry elongations of the wires extending from the contact tips of the printing head at different welding points are kept consistent, and the method for keeping the dry elongations consistent comprises the following steps:

step one: the wire and the printing platform are respectively connected with a power supply through wires;

step two: switching on a power supply, wherein the wire does not contact the printing platform at the moment, and forming an open circuit between the wire and the printing platform;

step three: the controller controls wire feeding, a loop is formed between the wire and the printing platform at the moment that the wire contacts the printing platform, and the controller receives an electric signal, namely, controls the wire back-drawing distance w; the distance H from the contact nozzle of the printing head to the printing platform is obtained through detection, the dry extension of the wire is known as L, the wire back-drawing distance is known as w=H-L, and the value range of w is as follows: 0.05-0.5mm; the distance H from the printing head contact nozzle to the printing platform is finished by laser ranging.

Further, the light spot of the laser is in a circular ring shape, a round shape or a polygonal ring shape, and the light spot synthesis method comprises the following steps: first, homogenizing a laser transmitted by an optical fiber using a plurality of arcs, sectors, or trapezoids; secondly, focusing a plurality of lasers around the wire, and adjusting the angle of the homogenized optical fiber to enable the light spot to be in a circular, round and polygonal ring structure; the multiple arc lasers synthesize circular light spots, the multiple fan lasers synthesize circular light spots and the multiple trapezoid lasers synthesize polygonal circular light spots.

The beneficial technical effects of the utility model are as follows: (1) Fusing a fused ball at the end part of the wire in the printing process by utilizing laser pulse; (2) The dry elongation control method is utilized to ensure that the dry elongation of the wires is kept consistent at different printing starting points, so that accumulated errors are avoided; (3) A method of forming a circular, circular or regular polygon spot using a homogenizing fiber to provide a uniform spot energy; (4) The designed split type conducting nozzle is used for providing flexible force for the wire so as to avoid wire breakage or wire blockage; (5) The wire straightening device can straighten wires, avoid incomplete melting of wires and the like, and improve printing quality.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the present utility model.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the triaxial motion platform according to the present utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the printing platform of the present utility model.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a vertical sectional structure of the contact tip of the present utility model.

Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the contact tip of the present utility model.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of embodiment 1 of the straightening apparatus of the present utility model.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of embodiment 2 of the straightening apparatus of the present utility model.

In the figure:

1-a laser;

2-a print head;

3-a wire feeding disc;

4-a triaxial motion platform; 41-y axis motion mechanism; 42-x axis motion mechanism; a 43-z axis motion mechanism;

5-machine frame; 51-an upper frame; 52-a lower frame;

6-heating layer;

7-a heat insulation layer;

8-drag chain;

9-an electric control cabinet;

10-wire;

11-straightening device; 111-through holes; 112-an electric motor; 113-a frame; 114-a first wire feeder; 1141-a first wire feeding wheel set; 115-a second wire feeder; 1151-a second wire feed wheel set; 116-well plate; 117-well plate supports; 118-a rack cover; 119-orifice plate mount;

12-a contact tip; 121-locking blocks; 122-split ends; 123-groove portion;

13-substrate.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present utility model.

The practice of the utility model refers to fig. 1-8.

The present embodiment is a multi-laser wire feed additive system, and is mainly a multi-laser molten metal wire 10. Comprises a machine frame 5, wherein the machine frame 5 is divided into an upper frame 51 and a lower frame 52; the lower frame 52 is internally provided with a laser 1 and an electric control cabinet 9; the upper frame 51 is internally provided with a printing head 2, a triaxial moving platform 4 and a printing platform; the top of the machine frame 5 is provided with a wire feeding disc 3.

The printhead 2 is fixedly disposed on a side wall of the upper frame 51. The three-axis motion stage 4 is provided at the lower part of the printhead 2, and includes a y-axis motion mechanism 41, an x-axis motion mechanism 42 provided at the upper part of the y-axis motion mechanism 41, and a z-axis motion mechanism 43 mounted on the side wall of the upper frame 51 on one side of the printhead 2. The triaxial moving platform 4 in this embodiment is a screw mechanism. The screw rod mechanism can be replaced by a synchronous belt or a gear rack motion mechanism. The triaxial moving platform 4 is connected to an electric control cabinet 9 through a drag chain 8. The triaxial motion platform 4 and the wire feeding disc 3 are controlled by a controller to move and feed wires.

The upper part of the x-axis motion mechanism 42 is provided with a printing platform. The printing platform comprises a heating layer 6, a heat insulation layer 7 and a substrate 13, wherein the heating layer 6 can preheat the substrate 13 in advance, and the heat insulation layer 7 is used for preventing heat of the heating layer 6 from being transferred to the x-axis movement mechanism 42 so as to influence the precision thereof.

As shown in fig. 1 and 5-6, the print head 2 has a split-type contact tip 12, where the split-type contact tip 12 includes a plurality of split ends 122, in this embodiment, six split ends 122, and a slot 123 is formed between the six split ends 122, and the upper part of the split ends 122 is in an integral structure, and the integral structure is screwed with a contact tip locking block 121 on the outer side. A spring structure (not shown) may be provided between the integral structure and the locking block 121 to provide a flexible locking force to the split end 122 via the locking block 121.

As shown in fig. 1 and 7-8, the upper part of the printing head 2 is provided with a wire feeding straightening device 11, the straightening device 11 is positioned at the upper part of the printing head 2, and the straightening device 11 is in a structure with staggered through holes 111 at different heights, so that the wire 10 can be led to pass through the straightening device 11 in a spiral manner; the lower part of the straightening device 11 is provided with a motor 112, the motor 112 is used for driving the straightening device 11 to rotate, and in the threading process, the straightening device 11 rotates to straighten the wire 10 which passes through in a spiral mode.

Fig. 7 shows a first embodiment of the straightening device 11, the straightening device 11 is located at the upper part of the printing head 2, the straightening device 11 is fixed at the middle part in the frame 113, the upper part and the lower part of the frame 113 are respectively fixed with a first wire feeder 114 and a second wire feeder 115, the first wire feeder 114 comprises a first wire feeding wheel set 1141, the second wire feeder 115 comprises a second wire feeding wheel set 1151, the upper part of the straightening device 11 is in bearing connection with the first wire feeder 114, and the lower part of the straightening device 11 is in bolt connection with the second wire feeder 115. The motor 112 is arranged at the lower part of the straightening device 11, and the straightening device 11 can rotate under the drive of the motor 112, the rotating speed is 80-160rpm, and the preferred rotating speed is 100rpm in the embodiment. The wire 10 passes through the first wire feeding roller set 1141, the straightening device 11 and the second wire feeding roller set 1151 from top to bottom, and is then fed to the print head 2 to be fused onto the substrate 13.

In this embodiment, the straightening device 11 has a cylindrical spiral hollow structure. The hollow structure is a spiral stepped circular through hole or a spiral circular through hole. The diameter of the through hole is 2-4mm, and the diameter of the wire is 0.4-2.0mm, so that the wire can be straightened in the wire threading process, the problems of wire blocking and wire breakage can be avoided, and the wire threading device is simple, practical and efficient.

Fig. 8 shows a second embodiment of the straightening device 11. The straightening device 11 is a tower type orifice plate structure. The straightening device 11 comprises a plurality of layers of pore plates 116, pore plate supports 117 are connected among the pore plates 116 through bolts, the bottom layer pore plates 116 or the pore plate supports 117 are fixed on pore plate mounting seats 119, and motors 112 are mounted at the bottoms of the pore plate mounting seats 119. A frame 113 is fixed at the bottom of the straightening device 11, and the upper part of the straightening device 11 is connected with a frame cover 118 through a bearing. The bottom of the frame 113 is connected with an installation angle aluminum support and a quick pipe joint through bolts.

In operation, the motor drives the straightening device 11 to rotate at a speed of 80-160rpm, in this embodiment 100rpm, and the wire 10 sequentially passes through the frame cover 118, the orifice plate 116 and the quick coupler from top to bottom, and is then melted onto the substrate 13 by the print head 2.

1-10 holes are uniformly distributed on the hole plate 116, and the hole plate 116 can be used for penetrating one wire 10 or penetrating a plurality of wires 10, such as 1-10 wires. Each wire 10 passes through the through holes of the two adjacent layers of pore plates 116, wherein the included angle of the through holes of the two adjacent layers of pore plates 116 in the vertical direction is 126-180 degrees. The filament is not broken and wound in the threading process. The aperture of the orifice plate 116 is 2-4mm and the wire diameter is 0.4-2.0mm.

The application method of the multi-laser wire feeding and material adding system comprises the following steps:

s1: setting parameters: setting the height H from the printing head 2 to the printing platform and setting the dry extension L;

s2: switching on a power supply, moving the triaxial moving platform 4 to an original position, starting the laser 1 for focusing, and moving the printing platform to a focal length position of laser;

s3: the wire feeding disc 3 starts wire feeding;

s4: and starting laser and shielding gas to print.

Wherein, the light spot irradiated on the substrate 13 by the laser 1 is in a circular ring shape, a round shape or a polygonal ring shape, and the light spot synthesis method comprises the following steps: first, homogenizing a laser transmitted by an optical fiber using a plurality of arcs, sectors, or trapezoids; next, a plurality of lasers are focused around the wire 10, and the angle of the homogenized optical fiber is adjusted so that the light spots have a circular, round or polygonal ring structure. Wherein, a plurality of arc synthetic circular rings, a plurality of fan-shaped synthetic circles and a plurality of trapezoidally-shaped synthetic polygonal rings.

In the S4 printing process, laser pulse gun cleaning and wire cutting are needed at different printing positions, namely welding points. The laser pulse generates instant high power to melt off the molten balls at the end part of the wire 10, thus completing the automatic gun cleaning and wire cutting functions.

In S4, in order to ensure that the dry elongations of the wires 10 at different printing positions, i.e. at the welding points, remain consistent, the present utility model proposes a method for controlling the dry elongation of the wires 10. The method comprises the following steps:

step one: the wire 10 and the printing platform substrate 13 are respectively connected with a power supply through wires;

step two: switching on the power supply, wherein the wire 10 is not contacted with the printing platform substrate 13, and an open circuit is formed between the wire 10 and the printing platform substrate 13;

step three: the controller controls wire feeding, a loop is formed between the wire 10 and the printing platform substrate 13 at the moment that the wire 10 contacts the printing platform substrate 13, and the controller controls the wire 10 to draw back a distance w; detecting the distance H (variable) from the contact tip 12 to the substrate printing table 13, given that the dry extension of the wire 10 is L (constant), the wire 10 is drawn back a distance w=h-L, and the w value ranges from: 0.05-0.5mm.

Wherein the distance H (variable) of the contact tip 12 to the print platform substrate 13 is accomplished by laser ranging.

The above-described embodiments are intended to be exemplary, non-limiting to those skilled in the art, and the scope of the utility model is not to be limited by the above-described embodiments, nor is any reference sign in the claims to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims concerned.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present utility model and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The system is fixed in a machine frame, a laser, an electric control cabinet, a printing head, a triaxial motion platform and a printing platform are arranged in the machine frame, and a wire feeding disc is arranged at the top of the machine frame, and is characterized in that: the print head has a split contact tip; the upper part of the printing head is provided with a wire feeding straightening device.

2. The multiple laser wire feed additive system of claim 1 wherein: wire feeding straightening device is the structure that different high departments possess dislocation through-hole, can make the wire spiral pass straightening device, the straightening device lower part is connected with the motor, and the motor is used for driving the straightening device rotation, in the wire feeding in-process, the straightening device rotation realizes the alignment of the wire that the spiral walked.

3. The multiple laser wire feed additive system of claim 2 wherein: the straightening device is of a cylindrical spiral hollow structure, and the hollow structure is a spiral circular through hole.

4. The multiple laser wire feed additive system of claim 2 wherein: the straightening device is a tower type orifice plate structure, the tower type orifice plate structure comprises a plurality of layers of orifice plates, and orifice plates are supported by orifice plate supports.

5. The multiple laser wire feed additive system of claim 4 wherein: the wire material spirally passes through the through holes of the two adjacent layers of pore plates, and the included angle of the through holes of the two adjacent layers of pore plates in the vertical direction is 126-180 degrees; the number of the through holes on the pore plate is not less than one, and when the number of the through holes is two or more, various wires can be penetrated at the same time.

6. The multiple laser wire feed additive system of claim 3 or 5 wherein: the diameter of the through hole is 2-4mm, the diameter of the wire is 0.4-2.0mm, and the rotating speed of the straightening device is 80-160rpm.

7. The multiple laser wire feed additive system of claim 1 wherein: the split type contact tip comprises a plurality of split ends, a groove is formed between the split ends, the upper parts of the split ends are of an integrated structure, the outer sides of the integrated structure are connected with locking blocks, and the locking blocks provide flexible locking force for the split ends.

8. The multiple laser wire feed additive system of any one of claims 1-5 or 7, wherein: the printing platform is sequentially provided with a heat insulation layer, a heating layer and a substrate from bottom to top.

9. The multiple laser wire feed additive system of claim 8 wherein: the light spot of the laser is circular, round or polygonal.

10. The multiple laser wire feed additive system of claim 8 wherein: the laser can switch the working mode of pulse laser, and fuse the ball at the end of the wire.