CN220580963U - Combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer, which comprises a cutter arm, a long diameter-enlarging cutter arm, a short diameter-enlarging cutter arm and a water supply hole, wherein the outer side surface of the cutter arm is provided with two cutter grooves, the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm are respectively embedded in the two cutter grooves, the front end surface of the cutter arm is provided with at least two guide holes, the bottom of the cutter groove is provided with at least one slag discharging hole, the slag discharging hole is positioned at least 10 millimeters behind the front end surface of the cutter arm, the cutter arms corresponding to the guide holes and the slag discharging holes are respectively internally provided with a water supply hole, and the axes of the water supply holes and the axes of the cutter arms are distributed in parallel. The utility model greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of the drilling equipment, has relatively high equipment modularization degree, is convenient and fast to maintain and troubleshoot, can flexibly realize the reaming operation of drilling in the drilling process, effectively simplifies the reaming operation flow, reduces the reaming difficulty, and is also beneficial to improving the drilling and reaming efficiency.

Description

Combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer, and belongs to the technical field of drilling equipment.

Background

At present, in the operations such as coal seam drilling and the like, the purpose of permeability improvement is needed to be achieved through expanding the inside of a drilling hole, the requirement is particularly outstanding in the fields such as coal seam gas exploitation, gas management and the like, numerous drilling rod equipment with drilling and reaming functions is developed at present, although the requirements of drilling and reaming operations can be met, additional mechanical structures are needed to be added to the equipment such as the drilling rod, meanwhile, the structure and the operation of the equipment are relatively complex, on one hand, the structure of the drilling equipment is relatively complex, the maintenance and operation cost of the equipment is high, the operation difficulty is high, on the other hand, the defects of relatively poor transmission, control convenience and accuracy of driving force during reaming operations are also caused, the chip removal efficiency caused by drilling is relatively poor, and therefore the work efficiency and the accuracy of drilling and reaming operations are affected to different degrees, and the efficiency and the quality of the drilling and reaming operations are affected.

In addition, in the operation of the traditional drilling equipment, the contact area, the operation pressure and the cutting amount between each cutter for drilling and the rock wall are the same, so that the cutters are required to bear larger loads during the operation, on one hand, the energy consumption of drilling operation is increased, the drilling operation efficiency is reduced, on the other hand, the loads born by the cutters during the operation are larger, the friction loss of the cutters is large, and even the cutter breakage and other conditions occur during severe conditions, so that the service life and the maintenance cost of the cutters for drilling operation are seriously influenced.

Accordingly, the inventor has made studies and improvements on the existing structure and the shortcomings in order to solve some existing equipment problems by keeping the experience of design development and practical manufacturing in the related industry for many years.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides the combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer, which greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of drilling equipment, has relatively high equipment modularization degree, is convenient and fast to maintain and troubleshoot, has good universality and environmental applicability, can flexibly realize reaming operation on drilling holes in the drilling process, effectively simplifies the reaming operation flow, reduces the reaming difficulty, and simultaneously can effectively reduce the operation load of drilling tools without affecting the drilling quality and efficiency, thereby being beneficial to improving the drilling and reaming efficiency, reducing the tool abrasion amount, overcoming the occurrence of fracture damage and the like of the transmission drilling tools due to overlarge complexity, prolonging the service life of the tools and reducing the use and maintenance cost of the drilling tools.

In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:

a combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer comprises a cutter arm, a long diameter-enlarging cutter arm, a short diameter-enlarging cutter arm and a water supply hole, wherein the cutter arm is of a columnar structure with a rectangular axial section, two cutter grooves are formed in the outer side surface of the cutter arm, cutter groove axes are distributed in parallel with the cutter arm axes and uniformly distributed around the cutter arm axes, the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm are respectively embedded in the two cutter grooves, the rear half parts of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm are hinged with the cutter groove walls through a hinge shaft, the front end surfaces of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm exceed the front end surfaces of the cutter arm by at least 5 cm, the lengths of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm are at least 1.5 times the lengths of the cutter arm axes, the rear end surfaces of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm exceed the rear end surfaces of the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm by at least 5 cm, the guide holes are formed in the front end surfaces of the cutter arm axes, the guide holes form included angles of 0-60 DEG to 60 DEG, and the slag discharge holes are formed in the guide holes, the guide hole positions are formed in the cutter groove bottom surfaces of the cutter arm and the cutter groove walls and the guide hole walls, the guide hole positions are arranged in the cutter groove bottom surfaces and the cutter groove walls are perpendicular to the cutter groove bottom surfaces, the guide hole positions are arranged in the cutter groove bottom surfaces and the cutter groove bottom surfaces are at least intersect with the cutter groove surfaces, and the guide hole surfaces are at least one guide hole surfaces and the position, and the position corresponds to the position to the cutter groove bottom surfaces and the cutter hole surfaces are perpendicular to the cutter groove.

Further, the distance between the long expanding cutter arm, the short expanding cutter arm and the bottom of the cutter groove is not less than 5 mm, at least one permanent magnet is arranged at the bottom of the front end face of the cutter groove, and when the axes of the long expanding cutter arm and the short expanding cutter arm are 0 degrees with the axes of the cutter groove, the long expanding cutter arm and the short expanding cutter arm are propped against the permanent magnet; the long expanding cutter arm and the short expanding cutter arm comprise bearing arms, connecting grooves, main cutting edges, auxiliary cutting edges and limiting blocks, wherein the bearing arms are of a prismatic table structure with any one of rectangular cross sections and isosceles trapezoids, the front end face of each bearing arm is provided with one main cutting edge, the inner side face of each front half part of each bearing arm is provided with a working face with the angle of 0-30 degrees relative to the axis, the working faces are provided with a plurality of connecting grooves distributed along the axis direction of each working face, the connecting grooves are distributed in parallel with the working faces and form included angles of 15-60 degrees relative to the axis of each bearing arm, each connecting groove is internally provided with 1-3 auxiliary cutting edges distributed along the axis of each connecting groove, the auxiliary cutting edges are connected with the walls of the connecting grooves, the maximum width of each auxiliary cutting edge is not more than 50% of the width of each connecting groove, the upper end faces of the auxiliary cutting edges are higher than the surface of the working faces by at least 5 mm, the rear end faces of the bearing arms are connected with the limiting blocks, and when the included angles between the axes of the bearing arms and the bottoms of the cutter grooves are larger than 30 degrees.

Further, the limiting block comprises a hard base wheel and an adjusting elastic piece, wherein the hard base wheel is any one of an eccentric wheel and an elliptic wheel structure, the hard base wheel is hinged with the groove wall of the cutter groove through a hinge shaft, the outer side face of the hard base wheel is connected with the adjusting elastic piece, one end of the adjusting elastic piece is hinged with the outer side face of the hard base wheel, and the plate face of the adjusting elastic piece is 10-60 degrees with the groove bottom of the cutter groove.

Further, the rear end face of the cutter arm is provided with a connecting hole, the connecting hole and the cutter arm are coaxially distributed, the depth of the connecting hole is 30% -70% of the length of the cutter arm, the wall of the connecting hole is provided with connecting threads, and meanwhile, the rear end face of the water supply hole is positioned at the bottom of the connecting hole and is communicated with the connecting hole; meanwhile, an elastic positioning bayonet lock is arranged at the side wall of the cutter groove of the cutter arm, a pin hole is arranged on the cutter arm corresponding to the elastic positioning bayonet lock and is connected with the cutter arm through the pin hole, the front end face of the elastic positioning bayonet lock is positioned in the cutter groove and is propped against and slidingly connected with the outer side faces of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm when the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm are distributed in parallel with the cutter groove, and the rear end face of the elastic positioning bayonet lock is positioned outside the cutter arm and is distributed flush with the outer side face of the cutter arm.

Furthermore, the buffer water tank is arranged at the bottom of the connecting hole corresponding to the water supply hole, the buffer water tank is embedded in the bottom of the connecting hole, the buffer water tank and the water supply hole are coaxially distributed, the minimum inner diameter of the buffer water tank is 1.5-3 times of the diameter of the water supply hole, an elastic base plate is arranged between two adjacent buffer water tanks, and the height of the elastic base plate is not less than 5 mm.

Further, the guiding gutter is established to the connecting hole bottom plate that the buffering basin corresponds, the guiding gutter inlay in the connecting hole bottom and for with the coaxial circular arc structure who distributes of connecting hole, simultaneously between two adjacent buffering basins through guiding gutter intercommunication, and the guiding gutter is located the elastic backing plate below to seal the guiding gutter top by the elastic backing plate, guiding gutter degree of depth is not more than 30% of buffering basin degree of depth, and its transversal plane is any one of rectangle, isosceles trapezoid and "U" font structure.

Further, the water supply hole adopts any one of an integrated structure with the cutter arm and an assembly structure between the cutter arm through an assembly block; when the assembly structure between the assembly block and the cutter arm is adopted in the water supply hole, the assembly block is arranged at the side wall of the cutter arm corresponding to the water supply hole, the assembly block is of a strip-shaped structure with a rectangular cross section, a fan-shaped cross section and any one of the rectangular cross section, the assembly block is arranged in the outer side face of the cutter arm in front of the assembly groove, the outer side face of the assembly block is flush with the outer side face of the cutter arm, and the water supply hole, the guide hole, the slag discharge hole and the cutter groove are all arranged on the assembly block.

Further, through spout sliding connection between assembly piece side surface and the assembly groove cell wall, the assembly piece is in addition connected with the assembly groove cell bottom through two at least bolts that distribute along the tool arm axis direction simultaneously, the assembly groove cell wall department that the assembly piece rear end face corresponds is established and is accomodate the groove, and the assembly piece rear end face inlays in accomodating the inslot to through accomodating being connected between the tool arm that the assembly groove rear end face corresponds, simultaneously water supply hole rear end face and the buffer memory basin that the tool arm department set up between the intercommunication, simultaneously, assembly piece side surface and rear surface and assembly groove contact surface department establish the elastic sealing pad in addition.

A combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer, comprising the steps of;

s1, assembling a system, namely suspending a cutter arm, a long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and a short diameter-enlarging cutter arm which meet the requirement of drilling aperture according to the requirement of drilling operation, assembling the cutter arm, the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm to obtain a finished product reaming drill rod, connecting the finished product reaming drill rod with a drilling drill rod through the cutter arm, and communicating a water supply hole of the finished product reaming drill rod with a water supply pipeline of the drilling rod to finish the assembly of the finished product reaming drill rod of the water supply hole;

s2, drilling and reaming operation, namely firstly, driving a finished reaming drill pipe to rotate through the drill pipe under the driving of external drilling equipment, and on the other hand, directly spraying high-pressure jet flow generated by external high-pressure water body through a guide hole on the front end surface of a cutter arm of the finished reaming drill pipe onto a rock wall to be drilled, wherein the rock wall is wetted, lubricated and cooled by the high-pressure jet flow, and meanwhile, the rock structure is damaged by the high-pressure jet flow, so that the resistance of a cutter during drilling is reduced; then, feeding and drilling operation is carried out through a drill rod, during drilling, the axes of the long and short expanding arms are distributed in parallel with the axes of the arms by controlling the rotating speed of the drill rod, the main cutting edges of the front end surfaces of the long and short expanding arms are drilled, after drilling to a designated depth, the rotating speed of the drill rod is increased, the long and short expanding arms are unfolded under the driving of centrifugal force after the rotating speed is increased and the high-pressure water body of slag hole jet flow at the bottom of a cutter groove, and in the unfolding process of the expanding arms, the main cutting edges and auxiliary cutting edges arranged by the expanding arms are utilized for carrying out drilling and reaming operation, and meanwhile, the high-pressure jet flow discharged from a slag hole is used for assisting lubricating and cooling the expanding arms and the auxiliary cutting edges connected with the expanding arms; meanwhile, cutting scraps in the cutter groove are cleaned and deslagged by jet flow;

s3, recovering equipment, namely reducing the pressure of jet water on one hand and reducing the rotating speed of a drill rod on the other hand after drilling and reaming are completed, so that the long-diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short-diameter-enlarging cutter arm fall back into the cutter groove under the action of self gravity, and the finished product reaming drill rod is taken out from the drilling along with the drill rod.

The utility model greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of drilling equipment, has relatively higher modularization degree, convenient maintenance and fault elimination, has good universality and environmental applicability, can flexibly realize reaming operation on drilling in the drilling process, effectively simplifies the reaming operation flow, reduces the reaming difficulty, and can effectively reduce the operation load of a drilling tool without affecting the drilling quality and the drilling efficiency, thereby being beneficial to improving the drilling and reaming efficiency, reducing the abrasion loss of the tool, overcoming the situation that the transmission drilling tool is broken and damaged due to overlarge complexity, prolonging the service life of the tool, and reducing the use and maintenance cost of the drilling tool.

Drawings

The utility model is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description;

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a part of a structure of the present utility model in a storage state;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of the positions of the pin holes and the elastic pins when the utility model is in the storage state

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sectional partial structure of a long and short expanding arms of the present utility model in an expanded state;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a limiting block structure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the front end face of the expanding arm in the stowed condition;

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tool arm in a block configuration;

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a partial structure of the mounting block;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of a mounting block with a pocket;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the method of the present utility model.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate the construction of the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purposes and the effects of the utility model, the utility model is further described below with reference to the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1-8, a combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer comprises a cutter arm 1, a long diameter-enlarging cutter arm 2, a short diameter-enlarging cutter arm 10 and a water supply hole 3, wherein the cutter arm 1 is of a columnar structure with a rectangular axial section, two cutter grooves 4 are arranged on the outer side surface of the cutter arm 1, the axes of the cutter grooves 4 and the axes of the cutter arm 1 are distributed in parallel and uniformly around the axes of the cutter arm 1, the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm 2 and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm 10 are respectively embedded in the two cutter grooves 4, the rear half parts of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm 2 and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm 10 are hinged with the groove walls of the cutter grooves 4 through a hinge shaft, the front end faces of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm 2 and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm 10 exceed the front end face of the cutter arm 1 by at least 5 cm, the axes of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm 2 and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm 10 form an included angle of 0-90 degrees with the axes of the cutter arm 1, the length of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm 2 is at least 1.5 times of the length of the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm 10, the rear end face of the long expanding cutter arm 2 exceeds the rear end face of the short expanding cutter arm 10 by at least 5 cm, at least two guide holes 5 are formed in the front end face of the cutter arm 1, the axes of the guide holes 5 and the axes of the cutter arm 1 form an included angle of 0-60 degrees, meanwhile, all the guide holes 5 are distributed around the axes of the cutter arm 1, at least one slag discharging hole 6 is formed in the position of the bottom of the cutter groove 1, the slag discharging hole 6 is embedded in the bottom of the cutter groove 4, the axes of the slag discharging hole 6 and the axes of the cutter groove 4 are perpendicular to each other, the axes of the slag discharging hole 6 and the long expanding cutter arm 2 and the short expanding cutter arm 10 are perpendicular to each other, meanwhile, the slag discharging hole 6 is located at least 10 mm behind the front end face of the cutter arm 1, a water supply hole 3 is formed in the cutter arm 1 corresponding to the guide holes 5 and the slag discharging hole 6, and the axes of the water supply hole 3 and the cutter arm 1 are distributed in parallel.

In this embodiment, the distance between the long expanding cutter arm 2, the short expanding cutter arm 10 and the bottom of the cutter slot 4 is not less than 5 mm, at least one permanent magnet 7 is arranged at the bottom of the front end face of the cutter slot 4, and when the axes of the long expanding cutter arm 2, the short expanding cutter arm 10 and the cutter slot 4 are 0 degree, the long expanding cutter arm 2, the short expanding cutter arm 10 are propped against the permanent magnet 7; the long expanding cutter arm 2 and the short expanding cutter arm 10 comprise a bearing arm 21, a connecting groove 22, a main cutting edge 23, auxiliary cutting edges 24 and limiting blocks 26, wherein the bearing arm 21 is of a prismatic table structure with any one of rectangular cross section and isosceles trapezoid cross section, the front end face of the bearing arm 21 is provided with the main cutting edge 23, the inner side face of the front half part of the bearing arm is provided with a working face 25 with an angle of 0-30 degrees relative to the axis, the working face 25 is provided with a plurality of connecting grooves 22 distributed along the axis direction, the connecting grooves 22 are distributed in parallel with the working face 25 and form an included angle of 15-60 degrees relative to the axis of the bearing arm 21, meanwhile, each connecting groove 22 is internally provided with 1-3 auxiliary cutting edges 24 distributed along the axis direction, the auxiliary cutting edges 24 are connected with the groove walls of the connecting grooves 22, the maximum width of the auxiliary cutting edges 24 is not more than 50% of the width of the connecting grooves 22, meanwhile, the upper end face of the auxiliary cutting edges 24 is higher than the surface of the working face 25 by at least 5 mm, the rear end face of the bearing arm 21 is connected with the limiting blocks 26, and when the included angle between the axis of the bearing arm 21 and the bottom of the cutter groove 4 is greater than 30 degrees, and the cutter groove bottom of the limiting blocks are 4.

The connecting groove and the auxiliary cutting edge structure can effectively improve chip removal efficiency of the chip cutting while meeting cutting and drilling operations, and meanwhile, the chip can be discharged along with water flow through the connecting groove and the guide knife groove during chip removal.

The limiting block 26 comprises a hard base wheel 261 and an adjusting elastic piece 262, wherein the hard base wheel 261 is any one of an eccentric wheel and an elliptic wheel structure, the hard base wheel 261 is hinged with the groove wall of the cutter groove 4 through a hinge shaft, the outer side face of the hard base wheel 261 is connected with the adjusting elastic piece 262, one end of the adjusting elastic piece 262 is hinged with the outer side face of the hard base wheel 261, and the plate face of the adjusting elastic piece is 10-60 degrees with the groove bottom of the cutter groove 4.

Through the limiting block structure, when the bearing arm rotates, the distance between the limiting block and the bottom of the cutter groove gradually decreases along with the increase of the rotation angle of the bearing arm until the limiting block is propped against the bottom of the cutter groove, so that the bearing box positioning of the bearing arm is realized by utilizing the supporting structure formed by propping between the limiting block and the cutter groove, the stress load of the hinge shaft connected with the bearing arm and the cutter groove is reduced, and the occurrence of the fracture condition of the hinge shaft caused by overlarge stress is prevented;

meanwhile, when the limiting block is propped against the bottom of the cutter slot, the adjusting elastic piece of the limiting block is propped against the bottom of the cutter slot, on one hand, the pressure between the limiting block and the contact surface of the cutter slot is adjusted through the adjusting elastic piece, so that the pressure born by the adjusting elastic piece is synchronously increased along with the increase of the rotation angle of the bearing arm, and on the other hand, the pressure is reduced, thereby effectively realizing the elastic absorption of the irregular acting force born by the bearing arm when the bearing arm drills and reams, ensuring that the bearing arm is stressed stably, improving the stability of drilling operation, and simultaneously effectively reducing the occurrence of metal fatigue condition of the bearing arm; on the other hand, the instantaneous impact acting force of the limiting block when the limiting block abuts against the knife groove is effectively reduced by adjusting the abutting between the elastic sheet and the bottom of the knife groove, so that the structural abrasion of the knife groove and the limiting block is reduced.

In this embodiment, a connecting hole 101 is formed in the rear end face of the cutter arm 1, the connecting hole 101 and the cutter arm 4 are coaxially distributed, the depth of the connecting hole is 30% -70% of the length of the cutter arm 1, connecting threads are formed on the wall of the connecting hole 101, and meanwhile, the rear end face of the water supply hole 3 is located at the bottom of the connecting hole 101 and is communicated with the connecting hole 101; meanwhile, an elastic positioning bayonet lock 8 is arranged at the side wall of the cutter groove 4 of the cutter arm 1, a pin hole 9 is arranged on the cutter arm 1 corresponding to the elastic positioning bayonet lock 8 and is connected with the cutter arm 1 through the pin hole 9, the front end face of the elastic positioning bayonet lock 8 is positioned in the cutter groove 1, and when the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm 2, the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm 10 and the cutter groove 4 are distributed in parallel, the rear end face of the elastic positioning bayonet lock 8 is abutted against and slidingly connected with the outer side faces of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm 2 and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm 10, and meanwhile, the rear end face of the elastic positioning bayonet lock 8 is positioned outside the cutter arm 1 and is distributed flush with the outer side face of the cutter arm 1.

Meanwhile, a buffer water tank 102 is arranged at the bottom of the connecting hole 101 corresponding to the water supply hole 3, the buffer water tank 102 is embedded in the bottom of the connecting hole 101, the buffer water tank 102 and the water supply hole 3 are coaxially distributed, the minimum inner diameter of the buffer water tank 102 is 1.5-3 times of the pipe diameter of the water supply hole 3, an elastic base plate 103 is arranged between two adjacent buffer water tanks 102, and the height of the elastic base plate 103 is not less than 5 mm.

Through the connecting holes, the cutter arm can be reliably connected with the drill rod through the connecting threads, meanwhile, the high-pressure water supplied by the drill rod is collected and guided by the buffer water tank, enters the water supply hole after the collection and buffering are finished, is finally discharged from the guide hole and the slag discharge hole through the water supply hole respectively, and is subjected to short concentrated buffering through the buffer water tank, so that the water pressure stability of the water discharged from the water supply hole and the slag discharge hole is effectively improved;

meanwhile, the high-pressure water discharged from the guide hole can impact the rock stratum right in front of the cutter arm at high pressure, so that the effects of cutting, lubricating, cooling and assisting chip removal on the rock wall high-pressure water are achieved, the high-pressure water discharged from the slag discharging hole directly impacts the diameter-expanding cutter arm, cooling and lubricating of the diameter-expanding cutter arm and cleaning of the surface of the diameter-expanding cutter arm are achieved, and the defect that chips are adhered to the diameter-expanding cutter arm to reduce the working efficiency of the diameter-expanding cutter arm is prevented.

It should be noted that, the bottom plate of the corresponding connection hole of the buffer water tank 102 is provided with a diversion trench 104, the diversion trench 104 is embedded in the bottom of the connection hole 101 and is of an arc structure coaxially distributed with the connection hole 101, meanwhile, two adjacent buffer water tanks 102 are communicated through the diversion trench 104, the diversion trench 104 is located below the elastic pad 103, the top of the diversion trench 104 is sealed by the elastic pad 103, the depth of the diversion trench 104 is not more than 30% of the depth of the buffer water tank 102, and the cross section of the diversion trench is any one of a rectangular structure, an isosceles trapezoid structure and a U-shaped structure.

Through setting up guiding gutter and with guiding gutter complex elastic backing plate, can realize effectively communicating each buffer water tank, improve buffer water volume, the water pressure equilibrium in each buffer water tank to ensure each guiding hole and sediment hole exhaust water volume and water pressure homogeneity and stability.

Specifically, the water supply hole 3 is formed by an integral structure with the cutter arm 1 and an assembled structure between the cutter arm 1 and the assembly block 31; when the water supply hole 3 adopts an assembly structure between the assembly block 31 and the cutter arm 1, the assembly block 31 is arranged at the side wall position of the cutter arm 1 corresponding to the water supply hole 3, the assembly block 31 is of a strip structure with a rectangular cross section, a fan shape or any one of the cross section and the fan shape, the assembly block 31 is arranged in the outer side face of the cutter arm 1 before passing through the assembly groove 32, the outer side face of the assembly block 31 is flush with the outer side face of the cutter arm 1, and the water supply hole 3, the guide hole 5, the slag discharging hole 6 and the cutter groove 4 are all positioned on the assembly block 31.

Further, the side surface of the assembly block 31 is slidably connected with the groove wall of the assembly groove 32 through a sliding groove 35, meanwhile, the assembly block 31 is further connected with the groove bottom of the assembly groove 32 through at least two bolts distributed along the axial direction of the cutter arm 1, a storage groove 33 is formed at the groove wall of the assembly groove 32 corresponding to the rear end surface of the assembly block 31, the rear end surface of the assembly block 31 is embedded in the storage groove 33, the cutter arm 1 corresponding to the rear end surface of the assembly groove 32 is connected through the storage groove 33, meanwhile, the rear end surface of the water supply hole 3 is communicated with a cache groove 102 formed at the position of the cutter arm 1, and meanwhile, an elastic sealing gasket 34 is additionally arranged at the contact surface between the side surface and the rear surface of the assembly block 31 and the assembly groove 32.

When the water supply hole adopts the form to join in marriage the piece structure and installs, can effectually improve the modularized structure between water supply hole, hole enlargement sword arm and the sword arm, when local position such as water supply hole, hole enlargement sword arm break down, accessible quick replacement assembly piece's mode realizes equipment trouble shooting to very big improvement convenience and the work efficiency of equipment maintenance.

In order to better understand the use method and effect of the equipment in the material of the application, the operation flow of the equipment in the material of the application is explained by combining the actual construction use condition

The application method of the reaming and permeability-increasing self-adaptive reducing reaming drill pipe comprises the following steps of;

s1, assembling a system, namely suspending a cutter arm, a long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and a short diameter-enlarging cutter arm which meet the requirement of drilling aperture according to the requirement of drilling operation, assembling the cutter arm, the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm to obtain a finished product reaming drill rod, connecting the finished product reaming drill rod with a drilling drill rod through the cutter arm, and communicating a water supply hole of the finished product reaming drill rod with a water supply pipeline of the drilling rod to finish the assembly of the finished product reaming drill rod of the water supply hole;

s2, drilling and reaming operation, namely firstly, driving a finished reaming drill pipe to rotate through the drill pipe under the driving of external drilling equipment, and on the other hand, directly spraying high-pressure jet flow generated by external high-pressure water body through a guide hole on the front end surface of a cutter arm of the finished reaming drill pipe onto a rock wall to be drilled, wherein the rock wall is wetted, lubricated and cooled by the high-pressure jet flow, and meanwhile, the rock structure is damaged by the high-pressure jet flow, so that the resistance of a cutter during drilling is reduced; then, feeding and drilling operation is carried out through a drill rod, during drilling, the axes of the long and short expanding arms are distributed in parallel with the axes of the arms by controlling the rotating speed of the drill rod, the main cutting edges of the front end surfaces of the long and short expanding arms are drilled, after drilling to a designated depth, the rotating speed of the drill rod is increased, the long and short expanding arms are unfolded under the driving of centrifugal force after the rotating speed is increased and the high-pressure water body of slag hole jet flow at the bottom of a cutter groove, and in the unfolding process of the expanding arms, the main cutting edges and auxiliary cutting edges arranged by the expanding arms are utilized for carrying out drilling and reaming operation, and meanwhile, the high-pressure jet flow discharged from a slag hole is used for assisting lubricating and cooling the expanding arms and the auxiliary cutting edges connected with the expanding arms; meanwhile, cutting scraps in the cutter groove are cleaned and deslagged by jet flow;

s3, recovering equipment, namely reducing the pressure of jet water on one hand and reducing the rotating speed of a drill rod on the other hand after drilling and reaming are completed, so that the long-diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short-diameter-enlarging cutter arm fall back into the cutter groove under the action of self gravity, and the finished product reaming drill rod is taken out from the drilling along with the drill rod.

In the step S2, during the reaming operation, the short-diameter-enlarging cutter arm performs the small-range pre-reaming operation on the drilled hole, then the long-diameter-enlarging cutter arm further performs the diameter-enlarging operation on the rest part of the drilled hole, and the long-diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short-diameter-enlarging cutter arm cooperate with the diameter-enlarging operation, so that the loads of the long-diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short-diameter-enlarging cutter arm during independent operation are effectively reduced, the reaming operation efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the friction loss during the drilling and reaming operations and the energy consumption during the drilling and reaming operations are also effectively reduced.

The utility model greatly simplifies the mechanical structure of drilling equipment, has relatively higher modularization degree, convenient maintenance and fault elimination, has good universality and environmental applicability, can flexibly realize reaming operation on drilling in the drilling process, effectively simplifies the reaming operation flow, reduces the reaming difficulty, and can effectively reduce the operation load of a drilling tool without affecting the drilling quality and the drilling efficiency, thereby being beneficial to improving the drilling and reaming efficiency, reducing the abrasion loss of the tool, overcoming the situation that the transmission drilling tool is broken and damaged due to overlarge complexity, prolonging the service life of the tool, and reducing the use and maintenance cost of the drilling tool.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present utility model and the advantages of the present utility model. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present utility model is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present utility model, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1. A combination cantilever type self-adapting reamer, characterized in that: the combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer comprises a cutter arm, a long diameter-expanding cutter arm, a short diameter-expanding cutter arm and a water supply hole, wherein the cutter arm is of a columnar structure with a rectangular axial section, two cutter grooves are arranged on the outer side surface of the cutter arm, the cutter groove axes are distributed in parallel with the cutter arm axes and uniformly distributed around the cutter arm axes, the long diameter-expanding cutter arm and the short diameter-expanding cutter arm are respectively embedded in the two cutter grooves, the rear half parts of the long diameter-expanding cutter arm and the short diameter-expanding cutter arm are hinged with the groove walls of the cutter grooves through a hinge shaft, the front end surfaces of the same long diameter-expanding cutter arm and the short diameter-expanding cutter arm exceed the front end surfaces of the cutter arm by at least 5 cm, the included angles between the long diameter-expanding cutter arm axes and the cutter arm axes are 0-90 degrees, and the length of the long diameter-expanding cutter arm is at least 1.5 times the length of the short diameter-expanding cutter arm, the rear end face of the long expanding cutter arm exceeds the rear end face of the short expanding cutter arm by at least 5 cm, at least two guide holes are formed in the front end face of the cutter arm, the axes of the guide holes and the axes of the cutter arm form an included angle of 0-60 degrees, meanwhile, all the guide holes are distributed around the axes of the cutter arm, at least one slag discharging hole is formed in the bottom of the cutter groove, the slag discharging hole is embedded in the bottom of the cutter groove, the axes of the slag discharging hole and the axes of the cutter groove are perpendicular to each other and intersect with the axes of the long expanding cutter arm and the short expanding cutter arm, at least 10 mm behind the front end face of the cutter arm, and water supply holes are formed in the cutter arms corresponding to the guide holes and the slag discharging holes respectively and are distributed in parallel with the axes of the cutter arm.

2. The combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the long and short diameter-enlarging cutter arms and the bottom of the cutter groove is not less than 5 mm, at least one permanent magnet is arranged at the bottom of the front end face of the cutter groove, and when the axes of the long and short diameter-enlarging cutter arms and the axis of the cutter groove are 0 degrees, the long and short diameter-enlarging cutter arms are propped against the permanent magnet; the long expanding cutter arm and the short expanding cutter arm comprise bearing arms, connecting grooves, main cutting edges, auxiliary cutting edges and limiting blocks, wherein the bearing arms are of a prismatic table structure with any one of rectangular cross sections and isosceles trapezoids, the front end face of each bearing arm is provided with one main cutting edge, the inner side face of each front half part of each bearing arm is provided with a working face with the angle of 0-30 degrees relative to the axis, the working faces are provided with a plurality of connecting grooves distributed along the axis direction of each working face, the connecting grooves are distributed in parallel with the working faces and form included angles of 15-60 degrees relative to the axis of each bearing arm, each connecting groove is internally provided with 1-3 auxiliary cutting edges distributed along the axis of each connecting groove, the auxiliary cutting edges are connected with the walls of the connecting grooves, the maximum width of each auxiliary cutting edge is not more than 50% of the width of each connecting groove, the upper end faces of the auxiliary cutting edges are higher than the surface of the working faces by at least 5 mm, the rear end faces of the bearing arms are connected with the limiting blocks, and when the included angles between the axes of the bearing arms and the bottoms of the cutter grooves are larger than 30 degrees.

3. The combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the limiting block comprises a hard base wheel and an adjusting spring piece, wherein the hard base wheel is any one of an eccentric wheel and an elliptical wheel structure, the hard base wheel is hinged with the wall of the cutter slot through a hinge shaft, the outer side face of the hard base wheel is connected with the adjusting spring piece, one end of the adjusting spring piece is hinged with the outer side face of the hard base wheel, and the plate face of the adjusting spring piece forms an included angle of 10-60 degrees with the bottom of the cutter slot.

4. The combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rear end face of the cutter arm is provided with a connecting hole, the connecting hole and the cutter arm are coaxially distributed, the depth of the connecting hole is 30% -70% of the length of the cutter arm, the wall of the connecting hole is provided with connecting threads, and the rear end face of the water supply hole is positioned at the bottom of the connecting hole and is communicated with the connecting hole; meanwhile, an elastic positioning bayonet lock is arranged at the side wall of the cutter groove of the cutter arm, a pin hole is arranged on the cutter arm corresponding to the elastic positioning bayonet lock and is connected with the cutter arm through the pin hole, the front end face of the elastic positioning bayonet lock is positioned in the cutter groove and is propped against and slidingly connected with the outer side faces of the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm when the long diameter-enlarging cutter arm and the short diameter-enlarging cutter arm are distributed in parallel with the cutter groove, and the rear end face of the elastic positioning bayonet lock is positioned outside the cutter arm and is distributed flush with the outer side face of the cutter arm.

5. The combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer according to claim 1 or 4, wherein a buffer water tank is arranged at the bottom of the connecting hole corresponding to the water supply hole, the buffer water tank is embedded in the bottom of the connecting hole, the buffer water tank and the water supply hole are coaxially distributed, the minimum inner diameter of the buffer water tank is 1.5-3 times of the pipe diameter of the water supply hole, an elastic base plate is arranged between two adjacent buffer water tanks, and the height of the elastic base plate is not less than 5 mm.

6. The combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the bottom plate of the connecting hole corresponding to the buffer water tank is provided with a diversion trench, the diversion trench is embedded in the bottom of the connecting hole and is of an arc structure coaxially distributed with the connecting hole, meanwhile, two adjacent buffer water tanks are communicated through the diversion trench, the diversion trench is positioned below the elastic backing plate, the top of the diversion trench is sealed by the elastic backing plate, the depth of the diversion trench is not more than 30% of the depth of the buffer water tank, and the cross section of the diversion trench is any one of a rectangular structure, an isosceles trapezoid structure and a U-shaped structure.

7. The combination cantilever type self-adaptive reamer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water supply hole is formed in any one of an integral structure with the cutter arm and an assembling structure between the cutter arm through an assembling block; when the assembly structure between the assembly block and the cutter arm is adopted in the water supply hole, the assembly block is arranged at the side wall of the cutter arm corresponding to the water supply hole, the assembly block is of a strip-shaped structure with a rectangular cross section, a fan-shaped cross section and any one of the rectangular cross section, the assembly block is arranged in the outer side face of the cutter arm in front of the assembly groove, the outer side face of the assembly block is flush with the outer side face of the cutter arm, and the water supply hole, the guide hole, the slag discharge hole and the cutter groove are all arranged on the assembly block.

8. The combined cantilever type self-adaptive reamer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the side surface of the assembly block is slidably connected with the wall of the assembly groove through a sliding groove, the assembly block is further connected with the bottom of the assembly groove through at least two bolts distributed along the axial direction of the cutter arm, a storage groove is formed at the wall of the assembly groove corresponding to the rear end surface of the assembly block, the rear end surface of the assembly block is embedded in the storage groove and connected with the cutter arm corresponding to the rear end surface of the assembly groove through the storage groove, the rear end surface of the water supply hole is communicated with a cache groove arranged at the position of the cutter arm, and meanwhile, elastic sealing gaskets are additionally arranged at the contact surfaces of the side surface and the rear surface of the assembly block and the assembly groove.