CN220569725U - Lithium ion secondary battery - Google Patents

Lithium ion secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN220569725U
CN220569725U CN202321945860.3U CN202321945860U CN220569725U CN 220569725 U CN220569725 U CN 220569725U CN 202321945860 U CN202321945860 U CN 202321945860U CN 220569725 U CN220569725 U CN 220569725U
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electrode
secondary battery
lithium ion
active material
ion secondary
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长野爱子
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

The present utility model provides a lithium ion secondary battery capable of suppressing shortage of electrolyte in positive and negative electrodes on the upper side in the vertical direction even when high rate resistance is improved in a laminated lithium ion secondary battery. The lithium ion secondary battery is a laminated battery, and includes: a nonaqueous electrolyte; and an electrode body in which a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector are laminated with a separator interposed therebetween. In the laminated body in which the plurality of electrode bodies are laminated, the electrode of the electrode body disposed at one end and the electrode of the electrode body disposed at the other end have different permeability coefficients with respect to the nonaqueous electrolyte.

Description

Lithium ion secondary battery
Technical Field
The present utility model relates to a stacked lithium ion secondary battery.
Background
Lithium ion secondary batteries are widely used as portable power sources for personal computers, portable terminals, and the like, or as vehicle driving power sources for Electric Vehicles (EV), hybrid Vehicles (HV), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHV), and the like, because they are lightweight and can obtain high energy density.
As a lithium ion secondary battery, for example, patent document 1 discloses a laminated battery having a structure in which a plurality of cell layers are laminated so as to be electrically connected in parallel, wherein a positive electrode, an electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode are regarded as 1 cell layer (paragraph 0030 of patent document 1, fig. 1).
Patent document 1: international publication No. 2018/029832
Disclosure of Invention
However, one of the characteristics required of lithium ion secondary batteries is high rate resistance. In a laminated battery, if the permeability coefficient of the electrolyte solution of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is increased in order to improve the high rate resistance, the electrolyte solution easily flows out from the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and on the other hand, the electrolyte solution flowing out from the positive electrode and the negative electrode arranged on the upper side in the vertical direction flows down in the vertical direction. Therefore, there is a possibility that the electrolyte in the positive electrode and the negative electrode on the upper side in the vertical direction is insufficient. And the shortage of the electrolyte increases the internal resistance of the battery.
The present utility model has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present utility model is to provide a lithium ion secondary battery capable of suppressing shortage of electrolyte in a positive electrode and a negative electrode on the upper side in the vertical direction even when high rate resistance is improved in a stacked lithium ion secondary battery.
The following embodiments are included in means for solving the above-described problems.
The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1 of the present utility model is a laminated battery, comprising: a nonaqueous electrolyte; and an electrode body in which a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector are laminated with a separator interposed therebetween, wherein in the laminate in which a plurality of the electrode bodies are laminated, an electrode of the electrode body disposed at one end and an electrode of the electrode body disposed at the other end have different permeability coefficients with respect to the nonaqueous electrolyte.
A lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 2 of the present utility model is the lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein, of the plurality of electrode bodies stacked in the vertical direction, an electrode of an electrode body disposed below has a permeability coefficient larger than that of an electrode body disposed above the electrode.
A lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 3 of the present utility model is the lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein, among the plurality of electrode bodies stacked in the vertical direction, an electrode of an electrode body disposed above has a permeability coefficient smaller than an electrode of an electrode body disposed below the electrode.
According to the present utility model, there is provided a lithium ion secondary battery capable of suppressing shortage of electrolyte in a positive electrode and a negative electrode on the upper side in the vertical direction even when high rate resistance is improved in a stacked lithium ion secondary battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view schematically showing a stacked state of electrode assemblies, in which each electrode assembly 1 is formed in a plate-like structure.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing 1 cycle of rectangular waves in the high-rate degradation cycle test.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the number of cycles in the high rate degradation cycle test and the rate of increase in the resistance of the battery.
Description of the reference numerals
1: an electrode body; 2: and (3) an electrolyte.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present utility model will be described below. These descriptions and examples are provided to illustrate embodiments and not to limit the scope of the utility model.
In the numerical ranges described in stages in the present specification, the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in one numerical range may be replaced with the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range described in other stages. In addition, in the numerical ranges described in the present specification, the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the embodiment.
Each component may comprise a plurality of corresponding substances.
When the amounts of the respective components in the composition are mentioned, the presence of a plurality of substances corresponding to the respective components in the composition means the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified.
The "permeability coefficient of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution" is a value indicating how easily the nonaqueous electrolytic solution permeates the electrode. Specifically, when a nonaqueous solvent is applied to an electrode under a certain pressure using argon (Ar) gas in a liquid permeation measurement device, the nonaqueous solvent is a value obtained based on Darcy's law from the amount of the nonaqueous solvent that permeates the electrode. The unit is m 2
(lithium ion Secondary Battery)
The lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter also simply referred to as "secondary battery") of the present utility model includes a plurality of electrode bodies each formed by stacking a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector with a separator interposed therebetween. The electrode assembly is a collection of components necessary for power generation, and can function as a battery if packaged together with a nonaqueous electrolyte. Fig. 1 is a view schematically showing a stacked state of electrode assemblies 1 each having a plate-like structure. However, in practice, the electrode assemblies 1 are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween, and are enclosed in an exterior body such as a battery case together with the nonaqueous electrolyte solution 2.
The number of electrode assemblies stacked in the present utility model is not particularly limited.
In the present utility model, in the laminate composed of the plurality of electrode bodies 1 shown in fig. 1, at least the electrode of the electrode body disposed at one end and the electrode of the electrode body disposed at the other end have different permeability coefficients. In addition, in the case where the secondary battery of the present utility model is arranged such that the stacking direction coincides with the vertical direction, the electrode body is arranged such that the electrode having the small permeability is positioned on the upper side and the electrode having the large permeability is positioned on the lower side. Thus, the nonaqueous electrolyte solution easily flows in and out from the electrode having a large permeability coefficient (in the direction of the arrow in fig. 1) in the electrode body on the lower side, and the salt concentration in the electrode body is less likely to be uneven. Further, since the lamination direction coincides with the vertical direction, the flowing nonaqueous electrolytic solution is easily accumulated on the lower side, and the electrode having a large permeability coefficient can be effectively used. In this way, the high rate resistance of the secondary battery can be improved. On the other hand, the electrode having the upper side of the electrode having the small permeability coefficient can suppress the outflow and inflow of the nonaqueous electrolyte from the electrode, and can suppress the shortage of the electrolyte.
In the secondary battery of the present utility model, when the battery is arranged such that the stacking direction coincides with the vertical direction, the permeability coefficient of the electrode body on the lower side is preferably adjusted such that the permeability coefficient of the electrode body on the upper side is relatively larger than the permeability coefficient of the electrode body on the upper side. For example, when the electrode assemblies of the same design are stacked in 30 layers, the electrode assemblies may be divided into 2 portions, that is, an upper electrode assembly and a lower electrode assembly, and the battery may have 2 different permeability coefficients. Alternatively, the cell may be configured to have 3 different permeability coefficients by dividing the cell into 3 parts, i.e., an upper electrode body, a middle electrode body, and a lower electrode body. The position of the dividing electrode body is not particularly limited.
The permeability coefficient of the electrode can be adjusted by adjusting the particle diameter of the active material of the electrode, adjusting the density of the electrode, or adjusting the addition amount of the conductive additive, respectively, singly or in combination. In general, the higher the electrode density, the smaller the void fraction and the smaller the permeability coefficient. In the present utility model, in the case of adjusting the permeability coefficient of the electrode for the purpose of improving the high rate resistance, it is preferably adjusted to 6×10 -14 m 2 The above. On the other hand, in the case of adjusting the permeability coefficient of the electrode in order to suppress the outflow of the electrolyte, it is preferably adjusted to 8×10 -16 m 2 The following is given.
Each component of the secondary battery of the present utility model is described in detail below.
(electrode body)
The electrode body is formed by stacking a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode collector and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode collector with a separator interposed therebetween. The positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer are in contact with the separator.
For example, the positive electrode collector/positive electrode active material layer/separator/negative electrode active material layer/negative electrode collector may have a layer structure.
Alternatively, the positive electrode active material layer/positive electrode collector/positive electrode active material layer/separator/negative electrode active material layer/negative electrode collector/negative electrode active material layer may have a layer structure in which the current collector is sandwiched by the active materials.
Thus, the layer structure in the electrode body is not particularly limited.
In addition, "/" indicates interfaces of the respective layers.
A stacked secondary battery is formed by stacking a plurality of electrode assemblies with separators interposed therebetween to form a stacked body, and is packaged with an exterior body or the like.
(cathode)
The positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector.
Examples of the positive electrode current collector include aluminum foil.
The positive electrode active material layer contains a positive electrode active material. Examples of the positive electrode active material include lithium transition metal oxides (e.g., liNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 、LiNiO 2 、LiCoO 2 、LiFeO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 Etc.), lithium transition metal phosphate compounds (e.g., liFePO 4 Etc.), etc.
The positive electrode active material layer may contain, for example, a conductive auxiliary agent, a binder, or the like in addition to the positive electrode active material
Agents, and the like. As the conductive auxiliary agent, carbon black such as Acetylene Black (AB) or other carbon materials can be suitably used
Materials (e.g., graphite, etc.). As the binder, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) or the like can be used.
The thickness of the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 μm or more and 250 μm or less, more preferably 100 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and still more preferably 130 μm or more and 170 μm or less.
(negative electrode)
The negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector.
Examples of the negative electrode current collector include copper foil.
The anode active material layer contains an anode active material. The negative electrode active material includes graphite-based carbon materials, lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 : LTO), sn, si-based materials, and the like.
The anode active material layer may contain, for example, a binder, a thickener, or the like in addition to the anode active material. As the binder, for example, styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) or the like can be used. As the thickener, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or the like can be used.
The thickness of the negative electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, and is preferably 50 μm or more and 250 μm or less, more preferably 100 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and still more preferably 130 μm or more and 170 μm or less.
(separator)
The separator is preferably a porous sheet (film) made of a resin such as Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester, cellulose, polyamide, or the like.
(nonaqueous electrolyte)
The secondary battery of the present utility model preferably contains a nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, and conventionally known nonaqueous electrolytic solutions can be used.
The nonaqueous electrolyte preferably contains a nonaqueous solvent and a supporting salt. Examples of the nonaqueous solvent include carbonates such as Ethylene Carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), ethers and esters. As the supporting salt, liPF can be exemplified 6 、LiBF 4 And lithium salts.
(method for manufacturing Secondary Battery)
The secondary battery of the present utility model is preferably manufactured by: after the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator having the conductive layer are produced and laminated to obtain an electrode body, a plurality of electrode bodies are laminated via the separator, and the laminated electrode body is housed in a battery case (exterior case).
The positive electrode and the negative electrode are preferably produced by applying a slurry containing an active material (i.e., a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material) and a solvent to a current collector (i.e., a positive electrode current collector or a negative electrode current collector) and drying the same.
As described above, in the lithium ion secondary battery of the present utility model, for example, electrodes having different particle size distributions of active materials are used, and the easiness of the inflow and outflow of the electrolyte is adjusted according to the lamination position of the electrode body. Specifically, an electrode having a large permeability coefficient is disposed on the lower side in the lamination direction, and the inflow and outflow of the electrolyte are facilitated, thereby improving the high rate resistance. This makes it possible to make the salt concentration of the electrode less likely to be uneven. An electrode having a small permeability coefficient is disposed at the upper side in the lamination direction, and outflow of the electrolyte is suppressed.
In a lithium ion secondary battery, an active material layer expands/contracts with charge and discharge. When the electrolyte is discharged to the outside of the electrode by expansion of the active material layer during charging, the electrolyte stays on the bottom surface of the electrode outside space. The electrolyte returns to the electrode by contraction of the active material layer during discharge. In this case, the electrode stacked on the lower side is structured such that the electrolyte is easily returned, whereby Li ions in the discharged electrolyte can be effectively utilized, and as a result, the high rate resistance can be improved. In the lithium ion secondary battery of the present utility model, the variation in quality at the time of manufacture can be suppressed as compared with a structure in which only the specifications of the electrodes are different from each other in the vertical direction and the regions having different permeability coefficients are formed in a part of the electrodes.
Examples (example)
The following examples are illustrative, but the present utility model is not limited to these examples. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, "parts" and "%" are all on a mass basis.
Electrode bodies having electrodes with different permeability coefficients were prepared, and a high-rate degradation cycle test was performed. The following materials were used for the production of the electrode body.
Positive electrode active material: NCM (LiNi) 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 )
Positive electrode current collector: aluminum foil
Negative electrode active material: c (carbon)
A negative electrode current collector: copper foil
Nonaqueous electrolyte: EC. EMC and DMC 3 mixed liquids
Partition board: the (A) and (B) are PE single-layer films (different in film thickness and porosity), and the (C) is PP/PE/PP3 layer structure
The electrode body having the same design and the same permeability coefficient was laminated with 30 layers to produce a laminated lithium ion secondary battery. That is, each cell has the following permeability coefficient.
Large permeability coefficient (a): 6X 10 -14 m 2
Permeability coefficient (B): 3X 10 -15 m 2
Small permeability coefficient (C): 8X 10 -16 m 2
In the high rate degradation cycle test, the rectangular wave shown in fig. 2 was repeatedly performed for 1 cycle for each cell having a different permeability coefficient to perform charge and discharge. Rectangular wave 1 cycles 18 seconds for 2C charging, 84 seconds for 1C charging, and 24 seconds for 2C charging. The number of cycles and the rate of increase (%) in the resistance of each cell are shown in fig. 3.
The resistivity increase was obtained as follows.
Measurement device: TOSCAT (TOSCAT) device manufactured by Toyo systems Co., ltd
Assay: the discharge resistance after 5C and 10 seconds was measured after SOC adjustment at 60% SOC, and when the resistance was measured for 10 seconds every 1000 cycles, the resistance increase rate was calculated as compared with the initial resistance for 10 seconds. All at a temperature of 20 ℃.
In the battery having a large permeability coefficient (a), the rate of increase in the resistance in the battery does not change even after 2000 cycles. Therefore, it is known that in order to improve the high rate resistance, the permeability coefficient of the electrode is preferably adjusted to 6×10 -14 m 2 The above.
On the other hand, in the battery having a small permeability coefficient (C), if 3000 cycles were passed, the resistivity in the battery increased to 144%. Therefore, it is known that, when it is desired to suppress the outflow of the electrolyte to the outside of the electrode body, it is preferable to set the permeability coefficient of the electrode to 8×10 -16 m 2 The following is given. Due to the difficulty of the electrolyteOutside the electrode, therefore, the decrease in Li ions in the electrolyte can be suppressed.
The permeability coefficient was obtained in the following manner.
In the calculation of the permeability coefficient, the original device was used to inject a liquid from one end of the electrode, and the permeability coefficient was calculated by measuring the amount of liquid flowing out from the electrode end on the opposite side at each pressure.

Claims (3)

1. A lithium ion secondary battery is a laminated battery, and is characterized by comprising:
a nonaqueous electrolyte; and
an electrode body in which a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer and a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector are laminated with a separator interposed therebetween,
in a laminate in which a plurality of the electrode assemblies are laminated, an electrode of the electrode assembly disposed at one end and an electrode of the electrode assembly disposed at the other end have different permeability coefficients with respect to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
2. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein an electrode of the electrode body disposed below among the plurality of electrode bodies stacked in the vertical direction has a permeability coefficient larger than an electrode of the electrode body disposed above the electrode.
3. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein, of the plurality of electrode bodies stacked in the vertical direction, an electrode of an electrode body disposed above has a permeability coefficient smaller than an electrode of an electrode body disposed below the electrode.
CN202321945860.3U 2023-03-14 2023-07-21 Lithium ion secondary battery Active CN220569725U (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2023-040075 2023-03-14
JP2023040075 2023-03-14

Publications (1)

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CN220569725U true CN220569725U (en) 2024-03-08

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN220569725U (en)

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