CN220564793U - Roller and pre-oxidation furnace with same - Google Patents
Roller and pre-oxidation furnace with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN220564793U CN220564793U CN202320971032.0U CN202320971032U CN220564793U CN 220564793 U CN220564793 U CN 220564793U CN 202320971032 U CN202320971032 U CN 202320971032U CN 220564793 U CN220564793 U CN 220564793U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of carbon fiber production equipment and discloses a roller and a pre-oxidation furnace with the same, wherein the roller comprises a roller body and a metal sheet wrapped on the surface of the roller body, and a plurality of grooves which are adjacently connected are arranged on one side of the metal sheet away from the roller body; the roller provided by the utility model reduces the contact area between the filament bundle and the roller surface, reduces the acting force between the filament bundle and the roller surface, ensures that the filament bundle is not easy to be stuck to and wound around the roller in the process of passing through the roller, and greatly reduces the filament breakage phenomenon caused by poor oxidation effect in the pre-oxidation process; the roller provided by the utility model can also reduce the temperature loss on the surface of the filament bundle, so that the oxidation reaction of the filament bundle is more continuous, the running stability of the pre-oxidation furnace is improved, and the long-time stable production capacity of the carbon fiber is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of carbon fiber production equipment, in particular to a roller and a pre-oxidation furnace with the roller.
Background
The carbon fiber is high tensile strength and high tensile modulus fiber with carbon content of more than 90%, has various advantages of low density, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of weapons, aerospace, buildings, automobile ships, medical and industrial equipment, sports and leisure products and the like.
Polyacrylonitrile fibers (polyacrylonitrile fiber, PAN) are currently mainly used to prepare high performance carbon fibers, i.e. PAN-based carbon fibers. The PAN-based carbon fiber production steps generally comprise polymerization, spinning, pre-oxidation, carbonization, post-treatment and the like, and a large number of rollers are required in the PAN-based carbon fiber production process. Taking a preoxidation process as an example, the preoxidation process is one of core processes in the PAN-based carbon fiber manufacturing process, and the polyacrylonitrile precursor is subjected to an oxidation reaction by reacting the polyacrylonitrile precursor in air for a period of time at a certain temperature. The preoxidation process is an important transition stage for converting polyacrylonitrile precursor from chain organic macromolecules to inorganic carbon materials with graphite structures, and the stage has important influence on the mechanical properties of PAN-based carbon fiber finished products.
The use of a plurality of oxidizing furnaces provides a thermal environment with a certain temperature gradient for the polyacrylonitrile precursor, and can perform a long-time thermal reaction, however, in the prior art, the filament bundles are easy to adhere to the surface of a roller to cause the generation of broken filaments, even the broken filaments; as production proceeds, more filaments accumulate, so that the filter screen is blocked, the circulating air quantity and the waste air quantity in the furnace chamber are reduced, the atmosphere in the furnace chamber of the oxidation furnace is influenced, the quality of the pre-oxidation reaction is reduced, and the performance of the PAN-based carbon fiber finished product is greatly influenced; in addition, some filaments may even fall into the oven cavity, creating a safety risk that may result in unintended production downtime if not disposed of in time.
In the prior art, in order to reduce mechanical friction damage of carbon fibers in a preoxidation process and reduce the quantity of broken filaments on the surfaces of the carbon fibers, chinese patent publication No. CN 101760807A discloses a method for reducing the generation of preoxidized broken filaments in the preparation of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers, namely, taking polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber precursor, soaking the precursor in pure water until the water content of the precursor is 5-15wt%; or soaking with ethylene oxide modified silicone oil emulsion or ammonia modified silicone oil emulsion until the water content of the precursor is 5-15wt% and the attachment amount of the oiling agent is 0.5-1wt%; then, the dipped precursor enters shaping equipment for shaping treatment; in the technical scheme, the bundling property of the fiber bundles soaked by pure water is increased, so that the generated filaments are attached to the fiber bundles; the fiber bundles soaked by the oil emulsion can form a layer of protective film on the surfaces of the fibers, so that the adhesion between the fibers and the occurrence of doubling during pre-oxidation are prevented, and meanwhile, the physical damage of the furnace roller body to the fibers is avoided. According to the technical scheme, the carbon fiber precursor is modified to reduce the problem that the precursor is easy to generate in the pre-oxidation process, but the problem is likely to cause the rise of the pre-oxidation treatment cost of the carbon fiber, and the production efficiency of the carbon fiber is also reduced.
The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN 104674380A discloses a preoxidation furnace, which comprises a furnace body shell, rollers, a circulating fan and an exhaust fan, wherein the circulating fan and the exhaust fan are connected with the furnace body shell through connecting pipelines, furnace end humidifying devices are arranged at two ends of the furnace body shell, and in the preoxidation production process, carbon fibers and preoxidized yarns are humidified and lubricated through the furnace end humidifying devices, so that mechanical friction damage of the carbon fibers in the preoxidation production process is greatly reduced, and finally the purpose of reducing the surface hairiness of the carbon fibers is achieved. However, the nature of this approach has been to modify the carbon fiber precursor prior to the actual pre-oxidation treatment to reduce the generation of fuzz. In actual use, the addition of the furnace end humidifying device and the continuous supply of humidifying liquid to humidify and lubricate the carbon fiber precursor still causes production uncertainty and production cost increase.
Chinese patent publication No. CN 101718012a discloses an optimization and improvement of the preparation process to reduce the generation of fuzz; specifically, in the pre-oxidation stage, the raw material polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber precursor is pre-oxidized for 20-40min at 200-230 ℃, and the adopted draft multiple is 1-10%; pre-oxidizing at 230-260 deg.c for 20-30min with drafting multiple of 1-5%; pre-oxidizing at 260-300 deg.c for 10-20min with draft of-1-2%; in the carbonization stage, carbonizing at 300-800 ℃ with a draft factor of 1-10%; carbonizing at 1000-1400 deg.c to draft multiple of-5-0%; and obtaining the polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber.
The Chinese patent with publication number of CN 216274568U discloses a tool for reducing broken filaments in the production process of carbon fibers, and the broken filaments in the production process are reduced through additionally arranged arc-shaped filament sucking pore channels, arc-shaped fixing blocks and circular friction rods, so that the quality of the carbon fibers is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the problems of low strength and poor quality of carbon fibers caused by poor production stability due to the fact that a tow sticks to and winds around a roller in the pre-oxidation process of carbon fiber production and further causes the reduction of the quantity of broken filaments on the surface of the carbon fibers, and provides a roller and a pre-oxidation furnace with the roller.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present utility model provides a roller, including a roller body and a metal sheet wrapped on the surface of the roller body, where a side of the metal sheet away from the roller body is provided with a plurality of grooves that are adjacently connected.
Optionally, the metal sheet is detachably wrapped on the surface of the roller body.
Optionally, the height to diameter ratio of each groove is 1.0-1.5.
Optionally, the height of each groove is 0.08mm-0.15mm.
Optionally, the height of each groove is 0.08mm-0.12mm.
Optionally, the grooves on the metal sheet are set to 1500-6000 pieces/cm 2 。
Optionally, aThe grooves on the metal sheet are arranged to be 2000-5000 pieces/cm 2 。
Optionally, the metal sheet is a stainless steel sheet, and the thickness of the stainless steel sheet is 1.2mm-1.8mm.
Optionally, the stainless steel sheet has a thickness of 1.2mm to 1.5mm.
Optionally, the cross-sectional profile of each groove is regular three-sided or polygonal.
Optionally, the cross-sectional profile of each groove is regular hexagon.
In a second aspect, the utility model provides a pre-oxidation oven having the roller described above.
Compared with the prior art, the surface structure with a plurality of grooves is easily constructed on the surface of the roller by wrapping the metal sheet with the surface provided with the plurality of grooves which are adjacently connected on the surface of the roller body, the surface structure reduces the contact area between the filament bundle and the surface of the roller, reduces the acting force between the filament bundle and the surface of the roller, ensures that the filament bundle is not easy to be stuck to and wound around the roller in the process of passing through the roller, and greatly reduces the filament breakage phenomenon caused by poor oxidation effect in the pre-oxidation process.
In addition, in the technical scheme provided by the utility model, when the tows are contacted with the surface of the roller with a plurality of grooves, the heat of the tows is not easy to transfer to the roller due to the relatively small contact area, so that the temperature loss of the surface of the tows can be reduced, the oxidation reaction of the tows is more continuous, the running stability of the pre-oxidation furnace is improved, and the long-time stable production capacity of carbon fibers is improved. This also enables carbon fiber manufacturers to efficiently and reliably produce carbon fibers, greatly reducing the production costs of carbon fibers, making them more competitive in the market as compared to other materials.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a roller according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a groove with a regular triangle cross-sectional profile provided by the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a square cross-sectional profile groove provided by the present utility model;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a groove with a regular hexagonal cross-sectional profile according to the present utility model.
Description of the reference numerals
10. A roller body; 20. a metal sheet; 21. a groove.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present utility model in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the utility model, are not intended to limit the utility model.
As described above, the present utility model provides a roller for guiding a tow during the pre-oxidation of carbon fiber production.
As shown in fig. 1, the roller comprises a roller body 10 and a metal sheet 20 wrapped on the surface of the roller body 10, wherein a plurality of grooves 21 are adjacently connected on one side of the metal sheet 20 away from the roller body 10.
In the technical scheme provided by the utility model, the surface of the roller body 10 is wrapped by the metal sheet 20 with the surface provided with the plurality of adjacent grooves 21, so that a surface structure with the plurality of grooves 21 is easily constructed on the surface of the roller, the contact area between the filament bundle and the surface of the roller is reduced by the surface structure, the acting force between the filament bundle and the surface of the roller is reduced, the filament bundle is not easy to be stuck to and wound around the roller in the process of passing through the roller, and the filament breakage phenomenon caused by poor oxidation effect in the pre-oxidation process is greatly reduced.
In addition, in the technical scheme provided by the utility model, when the filament bundle is contacted with the surface of the roller with the grooves 21, the heat of the filament bundle is not easy to transfer to the roller due to the relatively small contact area, so that the temperature loss of the surface of the filament bundle can be reduced, the oxidation reaction of the filament bundle is more continuous, the running stability of the pre-oxidation furnace is improved, and the long-time stable production capacity of the carbon fiber is improved. This also enables carbon fiber manufacturers to efficiently and reliably produce carbon fibers, greatly reducing the production costs of carbon fibers, making them more competitive in the market as compared to other materials.
According to the roller provided by the utility model, the metal sheet 20 can be fixed on the surface of the roller body 10 in any suitable form, so that the roller suitable for the production of the pre-oxidation furnace is formed. The metal sheet 20 is fixed to the surface of the roller body 10, for example, by winding, and then both ends of the metal sheet 20 are welded to the roller body 10. In some embodiments, the metal sheet 20 is detachably wrapped on the surface of the roller body 10. In the actual use process, after the roller is used for a period of time, the metal sheet 20 is detached, and a new metal sheet 20 with a plurality of adjacent grooves 21 on the surface is replaced, namely the roller body 10 is not required to be replaced, so that the use cost of the roller in the carbon fiber production process is effectively reduced.
In the present utility model, the aspect ratio of each of the grooves 21 affects the thermal conductivity of the formed surface structure, and in some embodiments, the aspect ratio of each of the grooves 21 is 1.0-1.5; in particular, the inventors of the present application found that when the height-to-diameter ratio of each of the grooves 21 is set to 1.0, the thermal conductivity of the surface structure formed by the plurality of grooves 21 is relatively small, so that the temperature loss on the surface of the filament bundle is effectively reduced, the oxidation reaction of the filament bundle is ensured to be more continuous, the operation stability of the pre-oxidation furnace is improved, and the quality of the product is ensured.
In the present utility model, the height of each groove 21 may be selected within a wide range, and the inventors of the present application found that if the height of the groove 21 is too high, not only the forming is not easy, but also the roller is easily damaged in the subsequent use process, resulting in a reduced service life of the roller; if the height of the groove 21 is too low, the temperature loss on the surface of the tow in contact with the groove tends to be too large, and the pre-oxidation of the tow is affected. In some embodiments, the height of each of the grooves 21 is 0.08mm-0.15mm. Further, in view of both the shaping of the grooves 21 and the relatively small thermal conductivity of the tow and the grooves 21, the height of each of the grooves 21 is preferably 0.08mm to 0.12mm, more preferably 0.10mm.
At the bookIn the utility model, the distribution of the grooves 21 on the metal sheet 20 also directly affects the heat loss of the tows on the surface of the roller, and the too sparse or dense grooves 21 can lead to the increase of the heat loss of the tows. In some embodiments, the grooves 21 on the metal sheet 20 are set to 1500-6000 pieces/cm 2 . Further, the grooves 21 on the metal sheet 20 are set to 2000-5000 pieces/cm 2 More preferably 3000 pieces/cm 2 。
In the present utility model, the rollers are installed at the inlet and outlet of each zone of the pre-oxidation furnace to guide the carbon fiber tow, so that the metal sheet 20 provided on the roller body 10 needs to be able to maintain structural stability at high temperature of 200-300 ℃ to enable the pre-oxidation to continuously and stably run. The metal sheet 20 may be a steel sheet which is well known to those skilled in the art and can withstand a high temperature environment of 200 to 300 c, and examples thereof include carbon steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, iron alloy, stainless iron, stainless steel, etc., and preferably the metal sheet 20 is a stainless steel sheet. It should be noted that the oxidation process of carbon fiber is generally performed at a temperature of less than 280 ℃, and the material can be stably used for a long time at a temperature of 300 ℃ after the surface is subjected to high-temperature heat treatment by adopting a stainless steel sheet.
Further, in the present utility model, the thickness of the stainless steel sheet may be selected within a wide range, and preferably, the thickness of the stainless steel sheet is 1.2mm to 1.8mm. Preferably, the stainless steel sheet has a thickness of 1.2mm to 1.5mm, and more preferably 1.5mm.
In the present utility model, the cross-sectional profile of each of the grooves 21 is a regular three-sided or polygonal shape. For example, it may be an equilateral triangle, a positive direction, or a regular hexagon.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the cross-sectional profile of the groove 21 is a regular triangle; as shown in fig. 3, the cross-sectional profile of the recess 21 is square; as shown in fig. 4, the cross-sectional profile of the groove 21 is a regular hexagon.
Preferably, each of the grooves 21 has a regular hexagonal cross-sectional profile. That is, the plurality of grooves 21 are formed in a honeycomb structure on the metal sheet 20. It should be understood that the honeycomb structure is the best topology for covering a two-dimensional plane, is the basic structure of a honeycomb, and is a structure formed by symmetrically arranging and combining regular hexagonal single cells, cells all facing downwards or one side facing back to back. The structure has excellent geometric and mechanical properties, so that the structure has wide application in material disciplines. The inventor of the application finds that the trafficability of the tows on the surface of the roller in the production process of the carbon fiber can be remarkably improved by arranging the honeycomb structure on the surface of the traditional roller, the generation of broken filaments is effectively reduced, and the purposes of improving the production stability and the product quality are achieved.
In the utility model, taking 304 stainless steel sheets as metal sheets 20 and forming honeycomb structures on the 304 stainless steel sheets as examples, the preparation method of the roller comprises the following steps:
a) Selecting a 304 stainless steel sheet with a certain thickness, and cleaning the surface of the 304 stainless steel sheet to remove dirt or oil stains;
b) Etching on a 304 stainless steel sheet to form a honeycomb structure with a certain height and a controllable single-room side length;
specifically, polymer anti-corrosion paint is sprayed onto a 304 stainless steel sheet to form regular hexagonal grids with certain specification and size, namely, grid lines are formed by the polymer anti-corrosion paint; coating the prepared etchant on the 304 stainless steel sheet, wherein the etchant can be specifically selected from ferric chloride solution mixed with dilute nitric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid; after etching for a certain time, cleaning the residual etchant on the surface of the 304 stainless steel sheet to obtain the 304 stainless steel sheet with the honeycomb structure on the surface, and then dissolving and removing the macromolecule anticorrosive paint on the surface by using an organic solvent.
c) After cleaning 304 the surface of the stainless steel sheet, measuring and correcting the size of the surface honeycomb structure by using a laser range finder, so that the height and the diameter of the product surface honeycomb structure meet the requirements, and obtaining a product embryonic form;
d) Winding the surface-treated 304 stainless steel sheet on a roller body 10 to form a roller, wherein the roller body 10 can be specifically selected as an existing smooth roller;
e) Correcting, cleaning and sand blasting the product;
f) Carrying out heat treatment at 400 ℃ on the surface of the roller;
g) And cleaning the surface of the roller to obtain a roller finished product.
According to the utility model, the side length of a single room of the honeycomb structure can be controlled by controlling the side length of a regular hexagon grid formed by the high polymer anti-corrosion paint on the 304 stainless steel sheet, and the height of the honeycomb structure can be controlled by controlling the residence time of the 304 stainless steel sheet in the etchant.
Based on the above preparation method, a roller a was obtained, on which the height-to-diameter ratio of the honeycomb structure provided on the 304 stainless steel sheet was 1.0, and the height of the honeycomb structure was 0.10mm.
The existing smooth surface roller and the matte surface roller are respectively compared, three different pre-oxidized yarns are obtained in the same pre-oxidizing furnace by adopting a mode of only replacing the rollers, the performances of the three different pre-oxidized yarns are tested, and the test data are summarized in table 1.
Table 1: roller surface structure and pre-oxidized fiber performance
In table 1, the smooth roller is a traditional roller type, the requirements of the production technology level are lower, the cost is relatively lower, and the smooth roller is applied by most manufacturers at present, but the relative acting force between the surface of the smooth roller and the tows is larger, static electricity is easy to generate, the tows are damaged, and the performance of the finished carbon fiber is further affected.
The matte roller is a roller general name with roughened surface, which can obviously reduce the relative acting force between the roller surface and the tows, reduce the damage of the tows during pre-oxidation, and further improve the product performance, but the cost of the matte roller is relatively high.
The CV values in table 1 are values of the degree of dispersion of the reaction data, and smaller CV values indicate better performance for the corresponding roller types.
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with the conventional smooth surface roller and the matte surface roller, the roller A with the honeycomb structure on the surface provided by the utility model has the advantages that after being used in a pre-oxidation furnace, the strength and the elongation at break of the pre-oxidized fiber are equivalent, the strength CV value of the pre-oxidized fiber is not greatly reduced, and is obviously smaller than that of the conventional smooth surface roller and the matte surface roller, so that the uniformity of the pre-oxidation reaction can be effectively improved by the roller A with the honeycomb structure on the surface.
The inventors of the present application have further studied the effect of different ratio of height to diameter honeycomb structures on pre-oxidized fiber performance. Specifically, honeycomb structures with different height-to-diameter ratios are formed on a 304 stainless steel sheet by controlling parameters of an etching process, and then the manufactured rollers are sequentially replaced and used in the same pre-oxidation furnace to obtain corresponding pre-oxidized wires, the performances of the different pre-oxidized wires are tested, and the test data are summarized in table 2.
Table 2: high aspect ratio of honeycomb structure and preoxidized fiber performance
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, when the height-to-diameter ratio of the honeycomb structure on the surface of the roller is between 1.0 and 1.5, the strength CV value of the pre-oxidized fiber is relatively low (between 12.4 and 12.6), and the pre-oxidized fiber with better performance can be produced, which means that the honeycomb structure type within the height-to-diameter ratio range can improve the pre-oxidation effect and the stability of production operation.
The inventors of the present application have further studied the effect of different density honeycomb structures on the pre-oxidized fiber properties. Specifically, honeycomb structures with different densities were formed on 304 stainless steel sheets by controlling parameters of the etching process, and then the prepared rollers were sequentially replaced in the same pre-oxidation furnace to obtain corresponding pre-oxidized wires, and the performances of the different pre-oxidized wires were tested and the test data were summarized in table 3.
Table 3: honeycomb structure number per unit area and pre-oxidized fiber properties
| Number of honeycomb units | strength/GPa | Elongation at break/% | Intensity CV value/% |
| 500 | 0.46 | 13.2 | 18.6 |
| 1500 | 0.46 | 16.3 | 12.7 |
| 2000 | 0.45 | 15.8 | 12.5 |
| 3000 | 0.45 | 16.0 | 12.2 |
| 5000 | 0.45 | 15.9 | 12.6 |
| 6000 | 0.46 | 16.4 | 12.9 |
| 8000 | 0.49 | 16.7 | 16.1 |
The number of unit cells represents the number of cells within 1 square centimeter.
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the number of the components is within a certain range (1500-6000 pieces/cm 2 ) The strength CV value of the pre-oxidized fiber is relatively low, i.e., the uniformity of the pre-oxidation reaction can be ensured. When the honeycomb structure is 8000 pieces/cm 2 When the strength CV value of the pre-oxidized fiber increases instead, it can be seen that too dense a honeycomb structure has caused deterioration in uniformity of the pre-oxidation reaction.
The second aspect of the utility model provides a pre-oxidation furnace for a pre-oxidation process of carbon fiber production, the pre-oxidation furnace having the roller. When the roller is specifically applied, the roller is just installed at the inlet and outlet of each area of the pre-oxidation furnace as the traditional roller, and the height and the level of the roller are adjusted under the process tension, so that the furnace wall is not rubbed and the deviation is not caused in the running process of the filament bundle.
The pre-oxidation furnace provided by the utility model effectively reduces the phenomena of sticking and winding of the tows in the pre-oxidation process of carbon fiber production, and particularly has obvious effect of improving the problems of sticking and winding of the tows compared with the pre-oxidation furnace using the traditional smooth roller.
The pre-oxidation furnace provided by the utility model enables a carbon fiber manufacturer to efficiently and reliably produce, greatly reduces the production cost of the carbon fiber, enables the carbon fiber to bear large-scale application, and has market competitiveness compared with other materials.
The preferred embodiments of the present utility model have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present utility model is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the utility model, a plurality of simple variants can be made to the technical proposal of the utility model, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the utility model does not need to be additionally described for various possible combinations. Such simple variations and combinations are likewise to be regarded as being within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (12)
1. The roller is characterized by comprising a roller body (10) and a metal sheet (20) wrapped on the surface of the roller body (10), wherein a plurality of grooves (21) which are adjacently connected are formed in one side, away from the roller body (10), of the metal sheet (20).
2. Roller according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal sheet (20) is removably wrapped around the surface of the roller body (10).
3. A roller according to claim 1, characterized in that the height to diameter ratio of each groove (21) is 1.0-1.5.
4. A roller according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of each groove (21) is 0.08-0.15 mm.
5. A roller according to claim 4, characterized in that the height of each groove (21) is 0.08-0.12 mm.
6. The roller according to claim 1, wherein the metal sheet(20) The grooves (21) are arranged at 1500-6000 pieces/cm 2 。
7. A roller according to claim 6, characterized in that the grooves (21) in the metal sheet (20) are arranged in the range of 2000-5000 pieces/cm 2 。
8. Roller according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal sheet (20) is a stainless steel sheet having a thickness of 1.2mm-1.8mm.
9. A roller according to claim 8, wherein the stainless steel sheet has a thickness of 1.2mm-1.5mm.
10. A roller according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the cross-sectional profile of each groove (21) is regular three-sided or polygonal.
11. Roller according to claim 10, characterized in that the cross-sectional profile of each groove (21) is regular hexagonal.
12. A pre-oxidation oven having a roller according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
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| CN202320971032.0U CN220564793U (en) | 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-25 | Roller and pre-oxidation furnace with same |
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| CN202320971032.0U CN220564793U (en) | 2023-04-25 | 2023-04-25 | Roller and pre-oxidation furnace with same |
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