CN220538415U - Pushing I-shaped steel beam construction operation platform - Google Patents
Pushing I-shaped steel beam construction operation platform Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN220538415U CN220538415U CN202321779523.1U CN202321779523U CN220538415U CN 220538415 U CN220538415 U CN 220538415U CN 202321779523 U CN202321779523 U CN 202321779523U CN 220538415 U CN220538415 U CN 220538415U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- steels
- support
- supporting
- face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000007101 Muscle Cramp Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010049565 Muscle fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Movable Scaffolding (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a pushing I-shaped steel beam construction operation platform, which relates to the technical field of engineering construction and comprises the following components: the steel support comprises two parallel and transversely arranged support square steels, wherein a limiting mechanism and a supporting mechanism are arranged on the upper end face of the support square steels, and an I-shaped steel beam is arranged between the two support square steels; the stop gear sets up the surface at the support square steel, and stop gear's lower terminal surface sets up the up end at the I-steel beam. The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: through stop gear and supporting mechanism, realize in the I-steel girder steel is erect, pushing away and concrete coincide construction, utilize supporting mechanism's steel scaffold board to provide a safe operation platform for the operating personnel, make the staff remove above that, through stop gear's U type reinforcing bar and L type buckle to the I-steel girder steel fastening, do not take place to slide and take place the incident, through supporting mechanism's close-woven protection network has guaranteed that concrete rubble in the concrete coincide process does not take place to drop and operating personnel's operation safety.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to a construction work platform for pushing I-shaped steel beams.
Background
The pushing beam type steel I-beam pushing construction technology commonly adopted in the market at present comprises a prestressed concrete box beam, a prestressed T-beam and a steel box beam, and is increasingly applied in the future, and the following defects exist in the conventional pushing construction process:
1. the construction worker channels are not independently arranged, the construction worker directly walks from the pushing slideway beam or the longitudinal beam, the clearance between the slideway beam and the bridge structure is limited, the construction worker needs to semi-squat or walk at a low head, and on one hand, no edge protection is caused, and the falling accident of the worker is easy to happen; on the other hand, the operators are easy to generate sites such as muscle fatigue cramps, the construction efficiency is low, the pushing bridge structure keeps an unstable state for a long time, and potential construction safety hazards exist;
2. when concrete superposition or pushing construction is carried out, the carried scattered materials or concrete stones easily fall to the ground, so that safety accidents occur;
therefore, it is necessary to provide a construction operation platform for pushing the I-shaped steel beam to ensure the passing of construction operators and the operation platform in the pushing process and avoid casualties or property loss accidents caused by falling of scattered materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provides a construction operation platform for pushing I-shaped steel beams.
The utility model provides a pushing I-shaped steel beam construction operation platform, which comprises: the steel support comprises two parallel and transversely arranged support square steels, wherein a limiting mechanism and a supporting mechanism are arranged on the upper end face of the support square steels, and an I-shaped steel beam is arranged between the two support square steels;
the limiting mechanism is arranged on the outer surface of the supporting square steel, and the lower end face of the limiting mechanism is arranged on the upper end face of the I-shaped steel beam;
the supporting mechanism is arranged on the upper end face between the two supporting square steels and is positioned on one side of the limiting mechanism.
Further, two the interval sets up around supporting square steel, supporting square steel adopts square structure.
Further, the limit mechanism includes:
two U-shaped steel bars, two one cross arm of the U-shaped steel bars is arranged on the supporting square steel respectively, the other cross arm of the U-shaped steel bar is arranged on the upper end face of the I-shaped steel beam, and the I-shaped steel beam is arranged in the U-shaped steel bar.
Further, the limiting mechanism further includes:
the two sliding sleeves are respectively sleeved on the outer surface of the supporting square steel and positioned on one side of the supporting square steel;
the two first fastening bolts are respectively and vertically arranged in the sliding sleeve and the supporting square steel.
Further, the limiting mechanism further includes:
the L-shaped buckle plate is vertically arranged on the upper end face of the sliding sleeve, and the lower end face of the sliding sleeve is positioned on the upper end face of the supporting square steel; and
the second fastening bolt is arranged on the upper end face of the L-shaped buckle plate, and the bottom of the L-shaped buckle plate is attached to the supporting square steel.
Further, the corresponding first bolt hole has been seted up to the inside of sleeve pipe that slides and support square steel, first fastening bolt sets up inside first bolt hole, the second bolt hole with second fastening bolt looks adaptation has been seted up to the up end of L type buckle, and the second fastening bolt sets up inside the second bolt hole.
Further, the support mechanism includes:
the plurality of steel scaffold boards are arranged between the two supporting square steels in parallel, and the whole steel scaffold board is in a grid shape.
Further, the supporting mechanism further includes:
the two angle steels are respectively and vertically arranged on the upper end surfaces of the two supporting square steels; and
the densely woven protective net is arranged between the two angle steels and is in a grid shape.
Further, the size of the inner wall of the sliding sleeve is matched with the size of the outer wall of the supporting square steel, and the sliding sleeve is sleeved on the outer surface of the supporting square steel.
Further, every two supporting square steel are longitudinally distributed in parallel, and the limiting mechanism and the supporting mechanism are longitudinally arranged on the supporting square steel in parallel.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages: through stop gear and supporting mechanism, realize in the I-steel girder steel is erect, pushing away and concrete coincide construction, utilize supporting mechanism's steel scaffold board to provide a safe operation platform for the operating personnel, make the staff remove above that, through stop gear's U type reinforcing bar and L type buckle to the I-steel girder steel fastening, do not take place to slide and take place the incident, through supporting mechanism's close-woven protection network has guaranteed that concrete rubble in the concrete coincide process does not take place to drop and operating personnel's operation safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall front cross-sectional view of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view in cross-section of the entire body of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is a schematic left-hand overall view of the present utility model.
In the figure:
11. supporting square steel; 12. a steel scaffold board;
2. u-shaped reinforcing steel bars;
31. a slip sleeve; 32. an L-shaped buckle plate; 33. a first fastening bolt; 34. a second fastening bolt;
41. angle steel; 42. a dense-woven protective net;
5. i-beam.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the utility model, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the utility model will be described in conjunction with the specific embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the utility model to the described embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims. It should be noted that the method steps described herein may be implemented by any functional block or arrangement of functions, and any functional block or arrangement of functions may be implemented as a physical entity or a logical entity, or a combination of both.
The present utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the utility model better.
Note that: the examples to be described below are only one specific example, and not as limiting the embodiments of the present utility model necessarily to the following specific steps, values, conditions, data, sequences, etc. Those skilled in the art can, upon reading the present specification, make and use the concepts of the utility model to construct further embodiments not mentioned in the specification.
1. The construction worker channels are not independently arranged, the construction worker directly walks from the pushing slideway beam or the longitudinal beam, the clearance between the slideway beam and the bridge structure is limited, the construction worker needs to semi-squat or walk at a low head, and on one hand, no edge protection is caused, and the falling accident of the worker is easy to happen; on the other hand, the operators are easy to generate sites such as muscle fatigue cramps, the construction efficiency is low, the pushing bridge structure keeps an unstable state for a long time, and potential construction safety hazards exist;
2. when concrete superposition or pushing construction is carried out, the carried scattered materials or concrete stones easily fall to the ground, so that safety accidents occur;
therefore, it is necessary to provide a construction operation platform for pushing the I-shaped steel beam to ensure the passing of construction operators and the operation platform in the pushing process and avoid casualties or property loss accidents caused by falling of scattered materials.
In order to solve the problems of the steel I-beam, the present utility model provides a construction platform for pushing the steel I-beam, referring to fig. 1-3, the construction platform includes: the two parallel and transversely arranged support square steels 11, the upper end surfaces of the support square steels 11 are provided with a limiting mechanism and a supporting mechanism, and an I-shaped steel beam 5 is arranged between the two support square steels 11; the limiting mechanism is arranged on the outer surface of the supporting square steel 11, and the lower end surface of the limiting mechanism is arranged on the upper end surface of the I-shaped steel beam 5; the supporting mechanism is arranged on the upper end face between the two supporting square steels 11 and is positioned on one side of the limiting mechanism.
In this embodiment, the steel scaffold board 12 and the supporting square steel 11 of the supporting mechanism can provide an operator construction operation platform and a pedestrian passageway, the U-shaped steel bar 2 of the limiting mechanism can be used for fixing the I-shaped steel beam 5 on the supporting square steel 11, the safety of construction operation is ensured, the sliding sleeve 31 and the L-shaped buckle plate 32 of the limiting mechanism can further fix the I-shaped steel beam 5 on the supporting square steel 11 and apply fastening force to the supporting square steel 11 and the I-shaped steel beam 5, and the angle steel 41 and the densely woven protective net 42 of the supporting mechanism are used for the edge protection of the construction operator and the anti-drop protection of the sporadic materials.
In one possible embodiment, the supporting mechanism and the limiting mechanism are both arranged on the upper end face of the supporting square steel 11, and the positions of the supporting mechanism and the limiting mechanism are arranged oppositely, which side is selected according to the construction environment, and the construction is flexible.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, two supporting square steels 11 are arranged at intervals in front-back, and the supporting square steels 11 adopt a square structure.
In this embodiment, at least two of the support square steels 11 are arranged to cooperate to form a group, and the limit mechanism and the structure in the support mechanism are arranged on or between each support square steel 11, thereby forming a working area and a personnel moving passage.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes: two U-shaped steel bars 2, wherein one cross arm of the two U-shaped steel bars 2 is respectively arranged on the supporting square steel 11, the other cross arm of the U-shaped steel bar 2 is arranged on the upper end face of the I-shaped steel beam 5, and the I-shaped steel beam 5 is arranged in the U-shaped steel bar 2.
In this embodiment, the U-shaped steel bar 2 has a U-shaped structure, wherein one cross arm can be welded or inserted and the like in the square support steel 11 and is located at one side of the i-beam 5, and the other cross arm of the U-shaped steel bar 2 extends to the upper end surface of the i-beam 5 and is reversely buckled on the i-beam 5 to limit and fix the i-beam 5 and prevent the i-beam 5 from moving.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the limiting mechanism further includes: the two sliding sleeves 31 are respectively sleeved on the outer surface of the supporting square steel 11 and are positioned on one side of the supporting square steel 11; two first fastening bolts 33 are vertically provided inside the slip sleeve 31 and the support square 11, respectively.
In this embodiment, the sliding sleeve 31 adopts a square tube structure, the center is a hollow structure, the center is identical to the shape of the supporting square steel 11, and the first fastening bolt 33 is arranged between the supporting square steel 11 and the sliding sleeve 31, so that the sliding sleeve 31 is prevented from moving automatically, and the sliding sleeve 31 can be conveniently realized when the sliding sleeve 31 needs to be disassembled and fixed.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the limiting mechanism further includes: the L-shaped pinch plate 32 is vertically arranged on the upper end face of the sliding sleeve 31, and the lower end face of the sliding sleeve 31 is positioned on the upper end face of the supporting square steel 11; and a second fastening bolt 34 provided on the upper end surface of the L-shaped buckle plate 32, the bottom of the L-shaped buckle plate 32 being attached to the support square steel 11.
In this embodiment, the cross arm of the L-shaped buckle plate 32 is located on the upper end surface of the i-beam 5, and the other vertical arm is welded with the sliding sleeve 31, when in use, the second fastening bolt 34 of the L-shaped buckle plate 32 can be rotated, so that the second fastening bolt 34 moves downwards, thereby fixing the i-beam 5, further improving the fixing and limiting effects of the i-beam 5, and preventing the i-beam 5 from falling off after other unexpected situations occur.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the sliding sleeve 31 and the support square steel 11 are provided with corresponding first bolt holes, the first fastening bolt 33 is disposed inside the first bolt holes, the upper end surface of the L-shaped buckle plate 32 is provided with second bolt holes adapted to the second fastening bolts 34, and the second fastening bolts 34 are disposed inside the second bolt holes.
In this embodiment, the first bolt hole and the second bolt hole can be respectively matched with the first fastening bolt 33 and the second fastening bolt 34, and the first fastening bolt 33 and the second fastening bolt 34 are respectively installed and disassembled in the first fastening bolt and the second fastening bolt, so that the sliding sleeve 31 and the i-beam 5 can be respectively fixed conveniently.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the supporting mechanism includes: the plurality of steel scaffold boards 12 are arranged between the two support square steels 11 in parallel, and the steel scaffold boards 12 are in a grid shape as a whole.
In this embodiment, the steel scaffold plates 12 are formed by laying a plurality of steel scaffold plates, and are laid in parallel between two support square steels 11 to form a worker's path.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the supporting mechanism further includes: two angle steels 41 are respectively and vertically arranged on the upper end surfaces of the two supporting square steels 11; and a dense-woven protection net 42 disposed between the two angle steels 41 and having a mesh shape.
In this embodiment, the protection effect of the protection of the face edge of construction operation personnel and the anti-drop of sporadic material also can prevent that the staff from dropping from steel scaffold board 12, promotes the safety effect.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the size of the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 31 is adapted to the size of the outer wall of the supporting square steel 11, and the sliding sleeve 31 is sleeved on the outer surface of the supporting square steel 11.
In this embodiment, the sliding sleeves 31 are conveniently sleeved on the supporting square steel 11, and the gaps between the sliding sleeves 31 are smaller, so that the i-beam 5 is fixed by the structures on the sliding sleeves 31 respectively.
Based on the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the supporting square steels 11 are longitudinally arranged in parallel in pairs, and the limiting mechanism and the supporting mechanism are also longitudinally arranged on the supporting square steels 11 in parallel.
In this embodiment, the support square steels 11 are laid in a group in the longitudinal direction, and the steel scaffold plates 12 provided between the support square steels 11 are also laid in the longitudinal direction, thereby forming a worker moving path.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It should be noted that in the present utility model, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the utility model to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the utility model. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the utility model. Thus, the present utility model is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a top pushes away I-steel girder construction operation platform which characterized in that includes: the steel support comprises two parallel and transversely arranged support square steels (11), wherein a limiting mechanism and a supporting mechanism are arranged on the upper end face of the support square steels (11), and an I-shaped steel beam (5) is arranged between the two support square steels (11);
the limiting mechanism is arranged on the outer surface of the supporting square steel (11), and the lower end face of the limiting mechanism is arranged on the upper end face of the I-shaped steel beam (5);
the supporting mechanism is arranged on the upper end face between the two supporting square steels (11) and is positioned on one side of the limiting mechanism.
2. The incremental launching i-beam construction work platform according to claim 1, wherein two of the support square steels (11) are arranged at a distance from each other, and the support square steels (11) are of square structure.
3. The incremental launching i-beam construction work platform of claim 1 wherein the stop mechanism comprises:
two U shaped steel muscle (2), two one of them xarm of U shaped steel muscle (2) sets up respectively on supporting square steel (11), another xarm of U shaped steel muscle (2) sets up the up end at I-shaped steel roof beam (5), I-shaped steel roof beam (5) set up the inside at U shaped steel muscle (2).
4. The incremental launching i-beam construction work platform of claim 1 wherein the stop mechanism further comprises:
the two sliding sleeves (31) are respectively sleeved on the outer surface of the supporting square steel (11) and are positioned on one side of the supporting square steel (11);
two first fastening bolts (33) are respectively and vertically arranged in the sliding sleeve (31) and the supporting square steel (11).
5. The incremental launching i-beam construction work platform of claim 4 wherein the stop mechanism further comprises:
the L-shaped buckle plate (32) is vertically arranged on the upper end face of the sliding sleeve (31), and the lower end face of the sliding sleeve (31) is positioned on the upper end face of the supporting square steel (11); and
the second fastening bolt (34) is arranged on the upper end face of the L-shaped buckle plate (32), and the bottom of the L-shaped buckle plate (32) is attached to the supporting square steel (11).
6. The incremental launching i-beam construction work platform according to claim 5, wherein the sliding sleeve (31) and the supporting square steel (11) are provided with corresponding first bolt holes, the first fastening bolts (33) are arranged in the first bolt holes, the upper end face of the L-shaped buckle plate (32) is provided with second bolt holes matched with the second fastening bolts (34), and the second fastening bolts (34) are arranged in the second bolt holes.
7. The incremental launching i-beam construction work platform of claim 1 wherein the support mechanism comprises:
the plurality of steel scaffold boards (12) are arranged between the two supporting square steels (11) in parallel, and the whole steel scaffold boards (12) are in a grid shape.
8. The incremental launching i-beam construction work platform of claim 1 wherein the support mechanism further comprises:
the two angle steels (41) are respectively and vertically arranged on the upper end surfaces of the two supporting square steels (11); and
the dense-woven protective net (42) is arranged between the two angle steels (41) and is in a grid shape.
9. The incremental launching i-beam construction platform of claim 4 wherein the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (31) is sized to fit the outer wall of the supporting square steel (11), and the sliding sleeve (31) is sleeved on the outer surface of the supporting square steel (11).
10. The incremental launching i-beam construction platform of claim 1 wherein the support square steels (11) are longitudinally disposed in parallel in pairs, and the spacing mechanism and the support mechanism are also longitudinally disposed in parallel on the support square steels (11).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321779523.1U CN220538415U (en) | 2023-07-07 | 2023-07-07 | Pushing I-shaped steel beam construction operation platform |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321779523.1U CN220538415U (en) | 2023-07-07 | 2023-07-07 | Pushing I-shaped steel beam construction operation platform |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220538415U true CN220538415U (en) | 2024-02-27 |
Family
ID=89977082
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321779523.1U Active CN220538415U (en) | 2023-07-07 | 2023-07-07 | Pushing I-shaped steel beam construction operation platform |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220538415U (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-07-07 CN CN202321779523.1U patent/CN220538415U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE202009005417U1 (en) | Heat exchanger with inclined or vertical surfaces with cleaning | |
| CN107090791B (en) | Mountain bridge pier rolling stone collision prevention device and construction method thereof | |
| CN220538415U (en) | Pushing I-shaped steel beam construction operation platform | |
| JP3318549B2 (en) | Working scaffold for existing bridge | |
| CN113481874B (en) | Construction method for pushing steel box girder by automatic roller type steel buttress wheel set structure | |
| KR100987262B1 (en) | Repair and inspection apparatus of bridge | |
| EP2730717B1 (en) | Mobile work platform | |
| DE102010047595B4 (en) | Protection against falling from the roof | |
| KR20120047331A (en) | Safety net for bridges | |
| CN213538985U (en) | Subway foundation pit enclosure supporting device | |
| CN213061745U (en) | Basket protective structure is hung to continuous beam bridge construction template | |
| CN114908990A (en) | Assembly type safety protection system for high-end equipment and construction method thereof | |
| CN210564332U (en) | Movable safety steel cat ladder | |
| CN204826697U (en) | Railway continuous beam construction safety protective guard strides | |
| CN215254858U (en) | Safety channel device | |
| CN113309008A (en) | Steel case roof beam temporary support construction safety work platform | |
| CN209163448U (en) | A kind of superelevation long-span beams formwork support structure | |
| CN220849680U (en) | Tunnel excavation trolley height adjusting device | |
| CN205421978U (en) | Elevartor shaft protection module | |
| JP2016056623A (en) | Temporary scaffolding for protective fence and construction method of protective fence using temporary scaffolding | |
| CN216840741U (en) | Movable foundation pit trestle safety regularization protector | |
| CN220036212U (en) | Safety protection platform for elevator shaft | |
| KR20140013197A (en) | Safety device for construction of railroad bridge track, assembling method thereof and installing method of safety device | |
| CN214835421U (en) | Safety protection vehicle | |
| CN215164543U (en) | Fabricated foundation pit crossing channel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |